妇女和女童参与科学国际日
UNESCO INSTITUTE FOR STATISTICS
要实现可持续发展，科学与性别平等都至关重要。然而，许多妇女和女童仍然被排斥在科学之外：女性占全世界科研人员的比例仅不到30％。
从改善人类健康到应对气候变化，解决“可持续发展议程”中一些最大的挑战需要发挥所有人的才能，这意味着必须让更多的女性从事这些领域的工作。研究的多样性需要更多有才华的研究人员加入科研队伍，带来全新的视角、才能和创造力。
联合国大会将每年2月11日确定为“妇女与女童参与科学国际日”，以促进妇女和女童充分平等地接触和参与科学。这个国际日提醒人们，妇女和女童在科技界发挥着重要的作用，应该加强她们的参与。庆祝活动由教科文组织和妇女署牵头，与促进妇女和女童接触和参与科学相关的机构和民间社会合作伙伴将广泛参与。
联合国教科文组织总干事奥德蕾·阿祖莱和联合国妇女署执行主任普姆齐莱·姆兰博-恩格库卡 “妇女和女童参与科学国际日”联合致辞
2019年2月11日
(English version below)
最近，世界各地的年轻妇女和女孩都在大声疾呼，要求在全球范围采取行动，应对气候变化。当16岁的瑞典少女格雷塔·通贝里（Greta Thunberg）在瑞士要求世界经济论坛的与会者们“像面对家园失火一样行动起来”时，她的呼吁道出了许多同龄人的心声。
我们的世界在快速变革，妇女和女孩在科技创新领域的声音和专业知识，对于寻求解决方案应对颠覆性变化至关重要。我们迫切需要缩小STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）领域的性别差距，积极促进科技创新事业中的性别平等。
STEM领域的技能，是增长最快的工作类别的基础。最近的研究表明，全球就业市场的变化将带来5800万个新的就业岗位，最受青睐的是数据分析师和科学家、人工智能和机器学习专家、软件和应用开发工程师和分析师以及数据可视化专家。
令人遗憾的是，有证据表明，在理工类重要岗位上工作的女性，目前面临着留岗、晋升以及产后再融入困难等问题。例如，世界经济论坛《2018年全球性别差距报告》显示，全球人工智能专业人员中只有22%是女性：这一巨大的性别差距反映了职业隔离和不利工作条件等重大问题。
世界经济论坛《2018年全球性别差距报告》
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2018.pdf
除了消除这些障碍外，改善数字连通性并提供负担得起的技术，也可以确保STEM领域更加性别平等，使妇女和女孩能够作为科学家、学生和公民充分受益。
联合国妇女署和教科文组织正在与世界各地的伙伴合作，以弥合STEM领域和数字技术领域的性别鸿沟。
贯彻“增强妇女权能原则”是联合国妇女署参与行动的方式之一。这些原则为数字部门、信息和通信技术、科技创新以及STEAM（即科学、技术、工程和数学加上艺术/设计）等各领域的企业提供了具体指导，以增强妇女在工作场所、市场和社区的权能。妇女署呼吁所有希望对性别平等和增强妇女经济权能作出承诺的公司签署并落实这些原则。
“增强妇女权能原则”
https://www.empowerwomen.org/en/weps/about
及早在教育系统内解决不平等问题至关重要。正因如此，教科文组织努力激发女孩对STEM科目的兴趣，消除学校课程中的陈规俗见，增加接触女性导师的机会。此外，我们通过欧莱雅—教科文组织妇女与科学计划和发展中世界妇女参与科学组织等举措鼓励女性科学家，为全世界的女性研究人员提供奖学金、网络和辅导机会。最后，“STEM与促进性别平等项目”通过侧重收集按性别分列的数据，支持将性别平等纳入国家科技创新政策、战略、计划和 立法。
通过所有这些倡议，我们坚定地鼓励新一代女性科学家去应对我们时代的重大挑战。年轻的女性科学家们听从格雷塔·通贝里的呼吁，已经在应对气候变化方面作出了贡献，比如南非少女基亚拉·尼尔金（Kiara Nirghin），她的数项发明大幅降低了干旱的影响。
发挥所有妇女和女孩在科学领域的创造性和创新能力，并适当投资于包容的STEM教育、研究、开发以及科技创新生态系统，将为我们带来利用第四次工业革命的潜力造福社会的史无前例的机会。
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On 22 December 2015, the General Assembly decided to establish an annual International Day to recognize the critical role women and girls play in science and technology, through Resolution A/RES/70/212.
The International Day of Women and Girls in Science, celebrated on 11 February, is implemented by UNESCO and UN-Women, in collaboration institutions and civil society partners that aim to promote women and girls in science. This Day is an opportunity to promote full and equal access to and participation in science for women and girls.
Gender equality is a global priority for UNESCO, and the support of young girls, their education and their full ability to make their ideas heard are levers for development and peace.
Tackling some of the greatest challenges of the Agenda for Sustainable Development -- from improving health to combatting climate change -- will rely on harnessing all talent. That means getting more women working in these fields. Diversity in research expands the pool of talented researchers, bringing in fresh perspectives, talent and creativity. This Day is a reminder that women and girls play a critical role in science and technology communities and that their participation should be strengthened.
Join the conversation with #WomenInScience !
Joint Message from Ms Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of UNESCO and Ms Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Executive Director of UN Women on the occasion of the International Day for Women and Girls in Science
11 February 2019
Recently, young women and girls around the world have been vocal in calling for action to combat climate change everywhere. When 16-year-old Swede Greta Thunberg charged World Economic Forum attendees in Switzerland to “act as if our house is on fire”, she was voicing sentiments similar to many of her age.
Women’s and girls’ voices and expertise in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) are vital to bring solutions to the disruptive change in our rapidly evolving world. We urgently need to close the gender gap in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields and actively promote gender equality in Science Technology and Innovation careers.
STEM skills form the basis of the fastest-growing job categories. Recent studies are showing that shifts in the global job market will result in 58 million net new jobs, particularly in data analysts and scientists; artificial intelligence and machine learning specialists; software and applications developers and analysts; and data visualization specialists.
Unfortunately, there is evidence of current problems for women in important jobs like engineering, with poor retention, advancement, and reintegration after maternity leave. The World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2018 shows, for example, that only 22 per cent of artificial intelligence professionals globally are female: a yawning gender gap that reflects significant issues like job segregation, and unfavourable working conditions.
The World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2018
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2018.pdf
In addition to addressing these barriers, improving digital connectivity and the accessibility of affordable technology can also ensure greater equality in STEM fields, enabling women and girls to benefit fully as scientists, students and citizens.
UN Women and UNESCO are working with partners around the world to close the gender gap in STEM fields and digital technologies.
One way that UN Women engages is through the Women’s Empowerment Principles. These principles offer companies – including those in digital sectors, Information and Communication Technology, Science Technology and Innovation and STEAM (STEM, plus Art & Design) – concrete guidance on empowering women in the workplace, marketplace and community. UN Women calls upon all companies who want to make the commitment to gender equality and women’s economic empowerment to sign and implement these principles.
Women’s Empowerment Principles
https://www.empowerwomen.org/en/weps/about
Tackling inequalities early within the education system is vital, which is why UNESCO works to stimulate girls’ interest in STEM subjects, combat stereotypes in school curriculum and increase access to female mentors. In addition, we encourage women scientists through initiatives such as the L’Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Programme and the Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World, which provide fellowships, networking and mentoring opportunities for women researchers around the world. Finally, the STEM and Gender Advancement project supports the inclusion of gender equality in national STI policies, strategies, plans and legislation by focusing on the collection of sex-disaggregated data.
Through all these initiatives, we are determined to encourage a new generation of women and girl scientists, to tackle to major challenges of our time. Heeding the call of Greta Thunberg, young women scientists are already making a difference in the fight against climate change, including South-African teenager Kiara Nirghin whose inventions minimize the impact of droughts.
By harnessing the creativity and innovation of all women and girls in science, and properly investing in inclusive STEM education, research and development and STI ecosystems, we have an unprecedented opportunity to leverage the potential of the Fourth Industrial Revolution to benefit society.