越来越多的年轻人正在转向数字空间寻求性教育和信息
教科文组织最新简报指出
年轻人正在转向数字性教育
(English version below)
教科文组织2月18日发布了一份题为《开启》的最新技术简报，指出越来越多的年轻人正在转向数字空间寻求性教育和信息，并揭示了这一现象背后蕴含的潜力和挑战。
这份技术简报在土耳其伊斯坦布尔举行的教科文组织“数字空间的性教育”专题研讨会上发布，探讨了教育工作者和内容开发者面临的困境，即如何做到既充分利用网络世界开展性教育，又确保年轻人对他们接触到的内容有辨别能力。
教科文组织和平与可持续发展教育主任詹森（Vibeke Jensen）说: “越来越多的年轻人正在利用数字空间获取关于身体、关系和性的信息，他们被网络世界带来的隐私和匿名性所吸引。教科文组织最近的一项调查显示，在过去的12个月中，15至24岁的年轻人有71%在网上寻找过性教育和性信息。这提供了一个向包括边缘化群体在内的年轻人提供性教育的独特机会。但它也带来了一个问题，即我们如何确保内容易获取、准确且安全? ”
这份技术文件披露了2019年教科文组织委托有关机构开展的两项评估的结果，评估发现，15至24岁的年轻人在网上访问最多的话题是性传播疾病（STIs）或艾滋病毒（HIV）；文化、社会和性；性骚扰、虐待和暴力; 以及个人关系。比起性别和关系，年龄在10至14岁之间的早期青少年对了解自己身体的变化更感兴趣。与其他人群相比，不认同二元性别分类的人群在网上寻找与身体、性别和关系有关的内容更为频繁，这证实了对于LGBTQI+（男女同性恋、双性恋、跨性别者、性别奇异者、双性者及其他）人群来说，数字空间是一个有价值的信息源。
尽管数字信息和教育正在迅速扩展，但是我们对于年轻人如何在网上接受数字性教育以及数字性教育如何影响他们的知识或行为仍知之甚少。另外，我们对网上性信息和性教育的质量也缺乏关注，年轻人接触到的内容良莠不齐，其中一些可能不完整、不准确甚至有害。
正如线下世界一样，儿童和青少年的线上活动也存在诸多风险，这些风险包括接触暴力画面和歧视性言论等不当内容，以及性别化、种族化、仇视同性恋和其他形式的暴力和欺凌等。
上周的“开启”专题研讨会由教科文组织、联合国人口基金（UNFPA）、国际计划生育联合会（IPPF）和德国联邦健康教育中心（BZgA）合作举办，与会的各利益相关方讨论了有关提供高质量数字性教育的问题。他们还研究了现有的证据，审议最佳实践平台，听取年轻人的意见，并为今后的工作制定行动计划。
詹森补充说: “我们需要更多的研究和投资，以了解数字性教育的有效性和影响，以及它如何能够为联合国《国际性教育技术指导纲要》提出的基于课程的倡议提供补充。解决方案包括让年轻人自己在这项工作中发挥领导作用，因为他们已经不再是被动的消费者，而是正以复杂的方式思考着数字技术。”
背景文件
http://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/unesco-swtiched_on-technical_brief.pdf
“开启”专题研讨会
http://en.unesco.org/events/switched-sexuality-education-digital-space
联合国《国际性教育技术指导纲要》
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260770_chi
教科文组织在全面性教育领域的工作
https://en.unesco.org/themes/health-education/hiv-sexuality-education
Young people switched on to digital sexuality education, new UNESCO brief
Entitled ‘Switched on’ a new UNESCO technical brief released on 18 February looks at the potential – and the challenges – of the increasing number of young people turning to digital spaces for sexuality education and information.
Released at a UNESCO symposium on sexuality education in the digital space, in Istanbul Turkey, the technical brief addresses the delicate balance educators and content developers face between leveraging the potential of the online world for the delivery of sexuality education, and the responsibility to ensure young people have the skills to critically engage with the content they encounter.
Vibeke Jensen, UNESCO Director of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development said “More young people than ever before are using digital spaces to get information on the body, relationships, and sexuality, interested in the privacy and anonymity the online world can offer. A recent UNESCO survey told us that 71% of 15-24 year olds sought sexuality education and information online in the past 12 months. This presents a unique opportunity to reach young people, including marginalized groups, with sexuality education. But it also begs the question, how do we ensure the content is accessible, accurate, and safe?”
The technical paper reveals the results of two review commissioned by UNESCO in 2019, finding that the topics most accessed online by 15-24 year olds are sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or HIV; culture, society and sexuality; sexual harassment, abuse and violence; and personal relationships. Early adolescents, those aged 10-14 years old, were more interested in learning about the changes in their bodies than sex and relationships. People who do not identify with binary female or male gender categories look more frequently online for content related to the body, sex and relationships, confirming that for LGBTQI + people, the digital space is a valuable source of information.
Despite the rapid expansion in digital information and education, little is known about how young people engage with digital sexuality education online, and how it is influencing their knowledge or behaviour. There is also a lack of attention to the quality of information and education on sexuality online, with young people coming across a broad range of content, some of which may be incomplete, poorly informed or harmful.
Just as in the offline world, there are risks for children and young people online, ranging from exposure to inappropriate content such as violent images and discriminatory speech, to gendered, racialized, homophobic and other forms of violence and bullying.
The stakeholders coming together for last week’s Switched On symposium, the result of a partnership between UNESCO, UNFPA, International Planned Parenthood Foundation (IPPF), and the Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA), discussed the issues around the provision of quality digital sexuality education. They also explored the available evidence, reviewed the best practice platforms, listened to young people, and came up with a plan of action for future work.
UNESCO’s Vibeke Jensen added: “Far more research and investment is needed to understand the effectiveness and impact of digital sexuality education, and how it can complement curriculum-based initiatives as outlined in UN technical guidance. Part of the solution is enabling young people themselves to take the lead on this, as they are no longer passive consumers and are thinking in sophisticated ways about digital technology.”
Background paper
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000372784
Switched On Symposium
https://en.unesco.org/events/switched-sexuality-education-digital-space
UN Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260770
UNESCO work in CSE
https://en.unesco.org/themes/health-education/hiv-sexuality-education