联合国2023年水事会议进行中，教科文组织《联合国世界水发展报告》在会上发布

联合国2023年水事会议进行中，《联合国世界水发展报告》在会上发布

（教科文组织/联合国水机制）

3月22日

(English version below)

全世界有20至30亿人身处缺水困境。联合国教科文组织和联合国水机制在最新一期《联合国世界水发展报告》中警告：如果不加强这一领域的国际合作，缺水问题在未来几十年内将愈演愈烈，城市地区尤甚。

这份由教科文组织代表“联合国水机制”出版的报告指出，全球有20亿人（世界人口的26%）没有安全饮用水，36亿人（46%）缺乏管理得当的卫生设施。“联合国2023年水事会议”正在纽约召开，该报告于会上发布。

“我们迫切需要建立强有力的国际机制，以防止全球水危机走向失控。水是我们共同的未来，我们必须采取共同行动来公平分享水资源、以可持续的方式管理水资源。”

——阿祖莱，联合国教科文组织总干事

“我们任务繁多但时间有限。这份报告展示了我们的雄心，我们现在必须团结起来，加快行动步伐。是时候作出改变了。”

——洪博，联合国水机制主席、

国际劳工组织总干事

国际合作：人人享有水资源的关键

几乎所有与水相关的干预措施都涉及某种合作。农作物种植需要农民之间共享灌溉系统；城市和乡村地区安全、经济的供水有赖于对供水和卫生系统的共同管理；而这些城市和乡村社区之间的合作对于维护粮食安全和保障农民收入至关重要。

跨境河流和含水层的管理更为复杂。虽然就跨境流域和含水层开展的合作已证实，其能在水安全之外带来增加外交渠道等诸多益处，但在全球468处跨境含水层中，仅6处拥有正式合作协议。

值此“世界水日”之际，联合国呼吁在关于如何使用和管理水资源方面加强国际合作。这是防止未来几十年出现全球水危机的唯一途径。

伙伴关系及民众参与增加效益

环境服务（如污染控制、生物多样性保护）与数据信息共享、共同筹资机会一起，同为报告中最常强调的共享利益。例如，“水基金”筹资计划将下游用户（如城市、企业和公用事业）聚集在一起，共同投资上游的生境保护和农业用地管理，以改善整体水质和/或水量。

墨西哥的蒙特雷（Monterrey）水基金于2013年启动，通过共同筹资保护了水质，减少了洪灾，改善了渗透，恢复了自然生境。类似的方法在撒哈拉以南非洲地区取得了成功，包括塔纳-内罗毕河流域——该流域供应了内罗毕95%的淡水和肯尼亚50%的电力。这些实例证明了这种伙伴关系的全球潜力。

让众多利益攸关方参与的包容性方法还提升了参与意识和主人翁精神。让最终用户参与用水系统的规划和落实，从而创造出更切合贫困社区需求和资源的服务，并提高公众的接受度和主动性。它还提高了问责能力和透明度。在索马里盖多州（Gedo）地区的流离失所者安置地，居民选举出用水事务委员会，负责运营和维护保障数万人需求的供水点。委员会成员与当地社区水务部门合作，共享并管理水资源。

《联合国世界水发展报告》由教科文组织代表联合国水机制出版，撰写工作由“联合国教科文组织世界水评估计划”协调。报告以联合国水机制成员和合作伙伴的工作为基础，对淡水和卫生设施的状况、使用和管理方面的主要趋势展开深入分析。该报告在每年的世界水日发布，为决策者提供制定和实施可持续的水政策所需的知识和工具。报告还提供最佳实践案例和深入分析，以启发有关想法和行动，服务水事务及更广泛领域的发展。

了解更多：

• 2023年《联合国世界水发展报告》：

  https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2023/en

• 联合国2023年水事会议：

  https://sdgs.un.org/conferences/water2023

• 3月22日“世界水日”：

  https://www.worldwaterday.org/

• 阅读原文：

  https://www.unesco.org/zh/articles/quanqiushuiweijipozaimeijiejiaokewenzuzhi/lianheguoshuijizhi?hub=701

Imminent risk of a global water crisis (UNESCO/UN-Water)

22 March, 2023

Between two and three billion people worldwide experience water shortages. These shortages will worsen in the coming decades, especially in cities, if international cooperation in this area is not boosted, warn UNESCO and UN-Water in the latest edition of the UN World Water Development Report.

Globally, 2 billion people (26% of the population) do not have safe drinking water and 3.6 billion (46%) lack access to safely managed sanitation, according to the report, published by UNESCO on behalf of UN-Water and released today at the UN 2023 Water Conference in New York.

Between two and three billion people experience water shortages for at least one month per year, posing severe risks to livelihoods, notably through food security and access to electricity. The global urban population facing water scarcity is projected to double from 930 million in 2016 to 1.7–2.4 billion people in 2050. The growing incidence of extreme and prolonged droughts is also stressing ecosystems, with dire consequences for both plant and animal species.

"There is an urgent need to establish strong international mechanisms to prevent the global water crisis from spiraling out of control. Water is our common future and it is essential to act together to share it equitably and manage it sustainably."

——Audrey Azoulay, 

UNESCO Director-General

"There is much to do and time is not on our side. This report shows our ambition and we must now come together and accelerate action. This is our moment to make a difference."

——Gilbert F. Houngbo, Chair of UN-Water and 

Director-General of the International Labour Organization

International cooperation: the key to access to water for all

Nearly every water-related intervention involves some kind of cooperation. Growing crops require shared irrigation systems among farmers. Providing safe and affordable water to cities and rural areas is only possible through a communal management of water-supply and sanitation systems. And cooperation between these urban and rural communities is essential to maintaining both food security and uphold farmer incomes.

Managing rivers and aquifers crossing international borders makes matters all the more complex. While cooperation over transboundary basins and aquifers has been shown to deliver many benefits beyond water security, including opening additional diplomatic channels, only 6 of the world’s 468 internationally shared aquifers are subject to a formal cooperative agreement.

On this World Water Day, the United Nations calls for boosting international cooperation over how water is used and managed. This is the only way to prevent a global water crisis in the coming decades.

Partnerships and people’s participation increase benefits

Environmental services, such as pollution control and biodiversity, are among the shared benefits most often highlighted in the report, along with data/information-sharing and co-financing opportunities. For example, ‘water funds’ are financing schemes that bring together downstream users, like cities, businesses, and utilities, to collectively invest in upstream habitat protection and agricultural land management to improve overall water quality and/or quantity.

Mexico’s Monterrey Water Fund, launched in 2013, has maintained water quality, reduced flooding, improved infiltration and rehabilitated natural habitats through co-financing. The success of similar approaches in Sub-Saharan Africa, including the Tana-Nairobi river watershed, which supplies 95% of the Nairobi’s freshwater and 50% of Kenya’s electricity, illustrate the global potential of such partnerships.

Inclusive stakeholder participation also promotes buy-in and ownership. Involving the end-users in planning and implementing water systems creates services that better match the needs and resources of poor communities, and increases public acceptance and ownership. It also fosters accountability and transparency. In displacement camps in the Gedo region of Somalia, residents elect water committees that operate and maintain the waterpoints that supply tens of thousands of people. Committee members partner with local water authorities of the host communities to share and manage water resources.

The United Nations World Water Development Report is published by UNESCO on behalf of UN-Water and its production is coordinated by the UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme. The report gives insight into the main trends concerning the state, use and management of freshwater and sanitation, based on work by Members and Partners of UN-Water. Launched in conjunction with World Water Day, the report provides decision-makers with knowledge and tools to formulate and implement sustainable water policies. It also offers best practice examples and in-depth analyses to stimulate ideas and actions for better stewardship in the water sector and beyond.

Read More:

• World Water Development Report 2023:

  https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2023/en

• UN 2023 Water Conference:

  https://sdgs.un.org/conferences/water2023

• World Water Day celebrated on 22 March:

  https://www.worldwaterday.org/

• Full text:

  https://www.unesco.org/zh/articles/quanqiushuiweijipozaimeijiejiaokewenzuzhi/lianheguoshuijizhi?hub=701