胡同泡泡218号：MAD马岩松的老北京旧城改造新作

MAD公布了北京旧城改造项目“胡同泡泡218号”。MAD对位于北京前门东区的一座清末四合院进行的修复、改造——在恢复四合院原有三进格局的同时，创造性地加入了三个不同形态、犹如天外来物的“泡泡”。艺术轻触社区，新与旧、传统与未来在老城区内创造了新的对话空间。

MAD Architects, led by Ma Yansong, has completed the restoration and reconstruction of a 305 sqm traditional courtyard house that dates back to the Qing Dynasty. “Hutong Bubble 218” is a continuation of MAD’s exploration into urban renovations as a means of revitalizing the Chinese capital’s old neighborhoods that have been confronted with degradation and demolition as a result of rapid development. MAD’s renovation demonstrates how small-scale, artistic interventions can provide new spaces and programs for these adverse areas, creating a dialogue between the old and the new.

▲线性历史的层叠：

正阳门、前门东区鲜鱼口、近代大楼、超现实“泡泡”▲

2006年，MAD在威尼斯建筑双年展上提出关于未来北京的畅想—“北京2050”。其中的“胡同泡泡”提案，提出旧城改造不一定需要推倒重建，而是通过加入犹如超越时空的“泡泡”，像磁铁一样更新社区生活条件、激活邻里关系。

In 2006, at the Venice Architecture Biennale, MAD proposed ideas for the future ambitions of Beijing, whose urban landscape, as a result social and economic developments, had started to alter, eroding the city’s delicate urban tissue. “Beijing 2050” imagined different scenarios for the city, including the ‘Future of Hutongs’. With the ideology that progress does not necessarily require large-scale change and construction, MAD conceived a network of metallic bubbles to be cultivated in Beijing’s historic neighborhoods. Inserted into the city’s existing urban fabric, they were envisioned to attract new people, activities and resources back to these aging and neglected communities. 

2006年第10届威尼斯建筑双年展

MAD参展作品“北京2050”

（上三图为其中“胡同泡泡”提案）

马岩松说：“这是一种“微观乌托邦”式的理想，我希望这些“泡泡”像新生的细胞一样具有生命力，赋予老建筑一种活力，并通过改变局部而达到整体社区的复苏。”

2009年，MAD首个“胡同泡泡”在北兵马司胡同32号成为现实；十年后2019 年，“胡同泡泡218号”建成。

Ma Yansong says, “This is a micro-utopian ideal. I hope that these bubbles will serve as vital newborn cells, giving the traditional hutong new life, and revitalizing the community.” 

In 2009, MAD’s first hutong bubble was realized in Beibingmasi hutong. Now, ten years later, “Hutong Bubble 218” has emerged. 

胡同泡泡32号，2009建成

西打磨厂街218号院的修复、改造，起源于2014年由天街集团、天安时间当代艺术中心以及北京市建筑设计研究院共同主办的旧城更新研究计划“城南计划——前门东区2014”。MAD在此研究项目中对旧城更新规划提出了不动、更密、针灸、精神四个原则。后来218号院成为了这个研究的试验点。

院子位于前门东区西打磨厂街西段路南，占地469平方米，坐南朝北，为晚清建筑。一百多年来，建筑从最初史载的外国医院，变成了改造前20多户居民聚居的大杂院。院子经历了不同历史时期的多重加建、改建，院落的原本格局已十分模糊。至近代，由于院子的居住条件的逐渐败落，原来的住户也大多搬走，院子逐渐失去了历史院落原有的生气。

“Hutong Bubble 218” is the result of MAD’s participation in the Old City Renewal Research Program which launched in 2014. Co-sponsored by Tianjie Group, the Beijing Center for the Arts and Beijing Architectural Design and Research Institute, the initiative invited domestic and international architects to renovate several sites in Beijing’s historic city center. For this research project, MAD focused on four principles: historic preservation, urban regeneration, re-energizing the community spirit and small-scale intervention.

Located in the Qianmen East area, close to important cultural landmarks like the Forbidden City and Tian’anmen Square, “Hutong Bubble 218” embeds itself into the neighborhood just off Xidamochang alley. The building was erected in the latter part of the Qing Dynasty. Covering an area of 469 sqm, it originally served as the city’s first international hospital for over 100 years, before being converted into a residence inhabiting more than 20 families. Overtime, the courtyard underwent restructuring on multiple occasions. Residents also created their own make-shift additions, eventually leading to structural degradation. With the gradual decline in living standards, the building lost its charm, deteriorating and becoming vacant, as most of the households moved out.

【针灸】

MAD在院子里加入了三个由不锈钢打磨制作而成的泡泡。其中一个是一处独立的会客室/共享工作空间；另一个除了会客及共享空间的功能外，还可让人们通过“泡泡”内的回旋楼梯自由穿梭于一二层之间。

MAD’s design introduces several sculptural art objects – ‘bubbles’ – onto the site. One connects the first and second floors with a staircase. Puncturing through the roof landscape, it emerges onto the terrace and functions as an independent meeting room/shared workspace, and flows over the edge into the front courtyard. Another bubble appears as if it has landed on the rooftop of the building.

泡泡犹如来自未知时空的小精灵，在旧城环境中闪现“灵气”——泡泡光滑的表面折射着院子里古老的建筑、树木以及天空，赋予了老建筑新的生命，形成了面向未来的全新的空间；同时与周围的旧城环境相得益彰，以新颖的艺术笔触让社区的历史与未来开启对话。

While they may seem foreign in their historic context, a mysterious aura emanates from these futuristic and surrealistic forms. Their smooth mirrored surfaces reflect the ancient buildings, trees and sky within the vicinity, blending into the environment. Instead of interrupting the existing urban fabric, the old and new complement one another.

MAD同时对院子作了维护与修复。

【不动】

沿街立面：老北京四合院的古朴气质必须透过灰墙灰瓦来展现，因此MAD保留了沿街立面原有的色调。入口立面的窗调整为单扇的透明玻璃，由此增大了采光面，让建筑在古朴中透出一点现代的气息。

MAD’s scheme not only realizes a new construction, but also conserves and restores the authentic architectural aesthetic of the courtyard building to their original glory. 

Preservation

The aesthetic temperament of the old Beijing courtyard is retained through the use of gray bricks, which have come to define hutong building constructions. The glazing along the street front has been replaced with single transparent glass,maximizing the amount of natural light that floods the interior. From here, no one suspects the existence of the bubbles beyond.

第二进院：内院部分拆除了院内后来的加建乱建，恢复了原有格局空间。

The inner courtyardwas restored following the original layout of the space. 

第三进院：庭院里有清朝时欧式院落特有的装饰性木雕房檐，MAD对可以保留的木雕去除表面污痕，重新恢复光泽，不能保留的按同样的尺寸花纹重新制作，最后恢复了这一立面特色。门窗部分则恢复了原来的木格扇，保留了原来的图案与开启方式，采用木和窗的结合，形成开敞立面。实墙面部分同样采用水刷石立面，整体恢复了原有立面的古朴风格。

The wood filigree panels that lined the inner courtyard have been stripped of their stains and returned to their original luster, with replacement sections reproduced with the same size and motif. The pattern and arrangement of the wooden door and window frames has also been retained, forming an elevation that is open.

老舍曾说：“老北京的美在于建筑之间有‘空’。”北京旧城改造，如何保持让这份“空”可以继续自由发展，同时以艺术的方式从功能及精神层面活化社区，将是MAD旧城改造继续研究及试验的方向。

As Chinese writer Lao She once said: “The beauty of old Beijing lies in the gaps and voids between the buildings.”

“Hutong Bubble 218” demonstrates how art and architecture can come together to renew a city. Through the insertion of small-scale interventions, people are attracted to return to traditional life, metabolizing the old district and creating a conversation between tradition and the future, nature and humanity, expressed in a freehand artistic way. 

胡同泡泡218号 Hutong Bubble 218

中国北京 Beijing, China

2015-2019

类型 Typology: 四合院改造 Urban Renovation

占地面积 Site Area: 469平方米 sqm

建筑面积 Building Area: 305.1平方米 sqm

主持建筑师 Principal Partners: 马岩松 Ma Yansong, 党群 Dang Qun, 早野洋介 Yosuke Hayano

设计团队 Design Team: 何威 He Wei, 李元皓 Li Yuanhao, 尚荔 Shang Li, 傅昌瑞 Fu Changrui, 王涛 Wang Tao, Dmitry Seregen, Cesar D. Rey

业主 Client: 天街集团 Tianjie Group

甲级设计院 Executive Architect: 北京市建筑设计研究院EA4 

EA4, Beijing Institute of Architectural Design

建造商 Constructor: 北京大龙建设集团有限公司第一古建工程处 

Ancient Architecture Engineering Department 1,  Beijing Dalong Construction Group

使用方: “打磨场”城市更新项目 

"Damochang" Urban Revitalization Program 

*摄影师 Photographer: 田方方 Tian Fangfang, MAD建筑事务所

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