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SpringSecurity + JWT,从入门到精通!

作者:小小____

来源:segmentfault.com/a/1190000023052493


权限系统躲不开的概念,在Shiro和Spring Security之间,你一般选啥?在前后端分离的项目中,你知道怎么Spring security整合Jwt么,来看看这篇文章哈!

思维导图如下

RBAC 全称为基于角色的权限控制,本段将会从什么是 RBAC,模型分类,什么是权限,用户组的使用,实例分析等几个方面阐述 RBAC。

思维导图

绘制思维导图如下


什么是 RBAC

RBAC 全称为用户角色权限控制,通过角色关联用户,角色关联权限,这种方式,间阶的赋予用户的权限,如下图所示


对于通常的系统而言,存在多个用户具有相同的权限,在分配的时候,要为指定的用户分配相关的权限,修改的时候也要依次的对这几个用户的权限进行修改,有了角色这个权限,在修改权限的时候,只需要对角色进行修改,就可以实现相关的权限的修改。这样做增加了效率,减少了权限漏洞的发生。

模型分类

对于 RBAC 模型来说,分为以下几个模型 分别是 RBAC0,RBAC1,RBAC2,RBAC3,这四个模型,这段将会依次介绍这四个模型,其中最常用的模型有 RBAC0.

RBAC0

RBAC0 是最简单的 RBAC 模型,这里面包含了两种。

用户和角色是多对一的关系,即一个用户只充当一种角色,一个角色可以有多个角色的担当。
用户和角色是多对多的关系,即,一个用户可以同时充当多个角色,一个角色可以有多个用户。
此系统功能单一,人员较少,这里举个栗子,张三既是行政,也负责财务,此时张三就有俩个权限,分别是行政权限,和财务权限两个部分。

RBAC1

相对于 RBAC0 模型来说,增加了子角色,引入了继承的概念。


RBAC2 模型

这里 RBAC2 模型,在 RBAC0 模型的基础上,增加了一些功能,以及限制

角色互斥

即,同一个用户不能拥有两个互斥的角色,举个例子,在财务系统中,一个用户不能拥有会计员和审计这两种角色。

基数约束

即,用一个角色,所拥有的成员是固定的,例如对于 CEO 这种角色,同一个角色,也只能有一个用户。

先决条件

即,对于该角色来说,如果想要获得更高的角色,需要先获取低一级别的角色。举个栗子,对于副总经理和经理这两个权限来说,需要先有副总经理权限,才能拥有经理权限,其中副总经理权限是经理权限的先决条件。

运行时互斥

即,一个用户可以拥有两个角色,但是这俩个角色不能同时使用,需要切换角色才能进入另外一个角色。举个栗子,对于总经理和专员这两个角色,系统只能在一段时间,拥有其一个角色,不能同时对这两种角色进行操作。

RBAC3 模型

即,RBAC1,RBAC2,两者模型全部累计,称为统一模型。

什么是权限

权限是资源的集合,这里的资源指的是软件中的所有的内容,即,对页面的操作权限,对页面的访问权限,对数据的增删查改的权限。举个栗子。对于下图中的系统而言,


拥有,计划管理,客户管理,合同管理,出入库通知单管理,粮食安全追溯,粮食统计查询,设备管理这几个页面,对这几个页面的访问,以及是否能够访问到菜单,都属于权限。

用户组的使用

对于用户组来说,是把众多的用户划分为一组,进行批量授予角色,即,批量授予权限。举个栗子,对于部门来说,一个部门拥有一万多个员工,这些员工都拥有相同的角色,如果没有用户组,可能需要一个个的授予相关的角色,在拥有了用户组以后,只需要,把这些用户全部划分为一组,然后对该组设置授予角色,就等同于对这些用户授予角色。


优点:减少工作量,便于理解,增加多级管理,等。


首先添加依赖


<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>


然后添加相关的访问接口


package com.example.demo.web;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class Test {
@RequestMapping("/test")
public String test(){
return "test";
}
}
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最后启动项目,在日志中查看相关的密码


访问接口,可以看到相关的登录界面

输入用户名和相关的密码


用户名:user
密码 984cccf2-ba82-468e-a404-7d32123d0f9c

登录成功

增加用户名和密码

在配置文件中,书写相关的登录和密码


spring:
security:
user:
name: ming
password: 123456
roles: admin



在登录页面,输入用户名和密码,即可正常登录

基于内存的认证

需要自定义类继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 代码如下


package com.example.demo.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.NoOpPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;


@Configuration
public class MyWebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Bean
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
}

@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
.withUser("admin").password("123").roles("admin");
}
}


即,配置的用户名为 admin,密码为 123,角色为 admin

HttpSecurity

这里对一些方法进行拦截


package com.ming.demo.interceptor;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.rememberme.TokenBasedRememberMeServices;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

@Override
public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
.withUser("itguang").password("123456").roles("USER").and()
.withUser("admin").password("{noop}" + "123456").roles("ADMIN");
}






@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.anyRequest().permitAll()
.and()
.formLogin()
.permitAll()
.and()
.logout()
.permitAll();
}


}



即,这里完成了对所有的方法访问的拦截。
这是一个小 demo,目的,登录以后返回 jwt 生成的 token

导入依赖

添加 web 依赖



导入 JWT 和 Security 依赖



<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

创建一个 JwtUser 实现 UserDetails

创建 一个相关的 JavaBean


package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;

import java.util.Collection;

public class JwtUser implements UserDetails {
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer state;
private Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities;
public JwtUser(){

}

public JwtUser(String username, String password, Integer state, Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities){
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.state = state;
this.authorities = authorities;
}

@Override
public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
return authorities;
}

@Override
public String getPassword() {
return this.password;
}

@Override
public String getUsername() {
return this.username;
}

@Override
public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
return true;
}

@Override
public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
return true;
}

@Override
public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
return true;
}

@Override
public boolean isEnabled() {
return true;
}
}

编写工具类生成令牌

编写工具类,用来生成 token,以及刷新 token,以及验证 token。

package com.example.demo;

import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class JwtTokenUtil implements Serializable {
private String secret;
private Long expiration;
private String header;

private String generateToken(Map<String, Object> claims) {
Date expirationDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiration);
return Jwts.builder().setClaims(claims).setExpiration(expirationDate).signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret).compact();
}

private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {
Claims claims;
try {
claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();

} catch (Exception e) {
claims = null;
}
return claims;
}

public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>(2);
claims.put("sub", userDetails.getUsername());
claims.put("created", new Date());
return generateToken(claims);

}

public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
String username;
try {
Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
username = claims.getSubject();

} catch (Exception e) {
username = null;

}
return username;

}

public Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
try {
Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
Date expiration = claims.getExpiration();
return expiration.before(new Date());
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}

public String refreshToken(String token) {
String refreshedToken;
try {
Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
claims.put("created", new Date());
refreshedToken = generateToken(claims);

} catch (Exception e) {
refreshedToken = null;

}
return refreshedToken;
}

public Boolean validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) {
JwtUser user = (JwtUser) userDetails;
String username = getUsernameFromToken(token);
return (username.equals(user.getUsername()) && !isTokenExpired(token));

}

}

编写拦截器

编写 Filter 用来检测 JWT

package com.example.demo;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;

import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@Component
public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;


@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
String authHeader = httpServletRequest.getHeader(jwtTokenUtil.getHeader());
if (authHeader != null && StringUtils.isNotEmpty(authHeader)) {
String username = jwtTokenUtil.getUsernameFromToken(authHeader);
if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
if (jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(authHeader, userDetails)) {
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication =
new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails,null,userDetails.getAuthorities());
authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(httpServletRequest));
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);

}
}
}
filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);

}
}

编写 userDetailsService 的实现类

在上方代码中,编写 userDetailsService,类,实现其验证过程

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.management.relation.Role;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class JwtUserDetailsServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;

@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String s) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
User user = userMapper.selectByUserName(s);
if (user == null) {
throw new UsernameNotFoundException(String.format("'%s'.这个用户不存在", s));

}
List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> collect = user.getRoles().stream().map(Role::getRolename).map(SimpleGrantedAuthority::new).collect(Collectors.toList());
return new JwtUser(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), user.getState(), collect);

}
}

编写登录

编写登录业务的实现类 其 login 方法会返回一个 JWTUtils 的 token

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;

@Autowired
private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;

@Autowired
private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;

public User findByUsername(String username) {
User user = userMapper.selectByUserName(username);
return user;

}

public RetResult login(String username, String password) throws AuthenticationException {
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken upToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password);
final Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(upToken);
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
return new RetResult(RetCode.SUCCESS.getCode(),jwtTokenUtil.generateToken(userDetails));

}
}

最后配置 Config


@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurity extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
@Autowired
private JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter;

@Autowired
public void configureAuthentication(AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder) throws Exception {
authenticationManagerBuilder.userDetailsService(this.userDetailsService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());

}

@Bean(name = BeanIds.AUTHENTICATION_MANAGER)

@Override
public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
return super.authenticationManagerBean();
}

@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();

}

@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.csrf().disable().sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
.and().authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/auth/**").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and().headers().cacheControl();


http.addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);

ExpressionUrlAuthorizationConfigurer<HttpSecurity>.ExpressionInterceptUrlRegistry registry = http.authorizeRequests();

registry.requestMatchers(CorsUtils::isPreFlightRequest).permitAll();

}

@Bean
public CorsFilter corsFilter() {
final UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
final CorsConfiguration cors = new CorsConfiguration();
cors.setAllowCredentials(true);
cors.addAllowedOrigin("*");
cors.addAllowedHeader("*");
cors.addAllowedMethod("*");
urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", cors);
return new CorsFilter(urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource);

}
}

运行,返回 token

运行,返回结果为 token


这里配置 SpringSecurity 之 JSON 登录
这里需要重写 UsernamePasswordAnthenticationFilter 类,以及配置 SpringSecurity

重写 UsernamePasswordAnthenticationFilter

public class CustomAuthenticationFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {

@Override
public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {


if(request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
||request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)){


ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = null;
try (InputStream is = request.getInputStream()){
AuthenticationBean authenticationBean = mapper.readValue(is,AuthenticationBean.class);
authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
authenticationBean.getUsername(), authenticationBean.getPassword());
}catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
"", "");
}finally {
setDetails(request, authRequest);
return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
}
}


else {
return super.attemptAuthentication(request, response);
}
}
}

配置 SecurityConfig


@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http
.cors().and()
.antMatcher("/**").authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/", "/login**").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()

.and().formLogin().loginPage("/")
.and().csrf().disable();


http.addFilterAt(customAuthenticationFilter(),
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}


@Bean
CustomAuthenticationFilter customAuthenticationFilter() throws Exception {
CustomAuthenticationFilter filter = new CustomAuthenticationFilter();
filter.setAuthenticationSuccessHandler(new SuccessHandler());
filter.setAuthenticationFailureHandler(new FailureHandler());
filter.setFilterProcessesUrl("/login/self");


filter.setAuthenticationManager(authenticationManagerBean());
return filter;
}



这样就完成使用 json 登录 SpringSecurity
需要在 Config 类中配置如下内容


@Bean
public BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}


即,使用此方法,对密码进行加密, 在业务层的时候,使用此加密的方法


@Service
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

@Resource
private UserRepository userRepository;

@Resource
private BCryptPasswordEncoder bCryptPasswordEncoder;
@Override
public User add(User user) {
user.setPassword(bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode(user.getPassword()));
User user2 = userRepository.save(user);
return user2;
}
@Override
public ResultInfo login(User user) {
ResultInfo resultInfo=new ResultInfo();
User user2 = userRepository.findByName(user.getName());
if (user2==null) {
resultInfo.setCode("-1");
resultInfo.setMessage("用户名不存在");
return resultInfo;
}


if (!bCryptPasswordEncoder.matches(user.getPassword(),user2.getPassword())) {
resultInfo.setCode("-1");
resultInfo.setMessage("密码不正确");
return resultInfo;
}
resultInfo.setMessage("登录成功");
return resultInfo;
}
}


即,使用 BCryptPasswordEncoder 对密码进行加密,保存数据库
这里使用数据库认证 SpringSecurity

设计数据表

这里设计数据表

着重配置 SpringConfig

@Configurable
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;

@Bean
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}

@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {

auth.userDetailsService(userService);
}

@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole("admin")
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.formLogin()
.loginProcessingUrl("/login").permitAll()
.and()
.csrf().disable();
}
}


这里着重配置 SpringConfig
着重讲解了 RBAC 的权限配置,以及简单的使用 SpringSecurity,以及使用 SpringSecurity + JWT 完成前后端的分离,以及配置 json 登录,和密码加密方式。

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