考研英语作文全

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题型及注意事项

一、题型（40min）

（一）大作文：图画、图表作文 25min 150-200

（二）小作文 15min 100

1.Letter

（1） 公务书信（不熟的人）

（2） 私人书信（熟悉的人）

2.告示 notice

二、评分原则与方法

（一）书写工整、卷面整洁、字迹清晰

（二）⚠注意：

1. 单词、语法第一位：正确、准确、多变

2. 结构第二位

三段论

句子之间多用逻辑关系词

多用代词代替已经出现过的名词

3. 内容不重要，用来凑字数（ 积极向上）

三、考研写作常见问题

（一）语域问题：语言的正式性与非正式性

1.缩写词不正式

2.泛指的不定代词 you 不正式，正式文体常用 one 代替

eg：One(You) never know what measures the president will take.

3.正式文体的引导词 that 不可以省略

4.插入语使句子更正式

状语；

同位语

（二）语法常见问题

1. 名词单复数：可数名词不可单独使用，要➕ 冠词或者变复数，分不清就➕ the

2. 主谓一致

3. 时态

以一般现在时为主

描述图画经常用现在进行时

描述图标经常用一般过去时

举例子经常用一般过去时

4.词性误用

5.中文思维

四、注意

图中有文字一定要仔细看

高分亮点

一、高分词句

• 随着人们生活水平的提高

• With people's living standards improving, …..

• 随着全球化的深入

• With deepening globalization, …..

• 提升解决问题的能力

• improve their problem-solving skills

• 提高外语水平

• improve their foreign language proficiency

• 经常锻炼

• regularly take exercises / exercise on a regular basis

• 养成阅读的习惯

• develop the habit of reading

• 勇敢面对并战胜困难

• bravely face and conquer their difficulties

• 保护环境/提高环保意识

• protect the environment /improve their awareness of environmental protection

• 节约能源

• save energy

• 更好地了解外国文化

• have a better understanding of foreign cultures

• 为自己的传统文化感到骄傲

• be proud of/celebrate/embrace traditional culture

• 对父母孝顺

• be filial to their parents

• 随着经济的繁荣

• with the booming of the economy

• 随着人民生活水平的显著提高

• with the remarkable improvement of people's living standard

• 先进的科学技术

• advanced science and technology

• 为我们日常生活增添了情趣

• add much spice/flavor to our daily life

• 人们普遍认为

• It is commonly believed that..

• 我同意前者后者观点

• I give my vote to the former/latter opinion.

• 引起了广泛的公众关注

• sth has aroused wide public concern/sth has drawn great public attention

• 不可否认

• It is undeniable that..

• 热烈的讨论争论

• a heated discussion/debate

• 有争议性的问题

• a controversial issue

• 就我而言就个人而言

• As far as l am concerned，/Personally，

• 有充分的理由支持

• be supported by sound reasons

• 双方的论点

• argument on both sides

• 发挥日益重要作用

• play an increasingly important role in.

• 对必不可少

• be indispensable to.

• 正如谚语所说

• As the proverb goes：

• 对产生有利不利的影响

• exert positive/negative effects on.

• 利远远大于弊

• The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages

• 导致引起

• lead to/give rise to/contribute to/result in

• 复杂的社会现象

• a complicated social phenomenon

• 责任感成就感

• sense of responsibility/achievement

• 竞争与合作精神

• sense of competition and cooperation

• 开阔眼界

• widen one's horizon/broaden one's vision

• 学习知识和技能

• acquire knowledge and skills

• 经济心理负担

• financial burden/psychological burden

• 考虑到诸多因素

• take many factors into consideration

• 从另一个角度

• from another perspective

• 做出共同努力

• make joint efforts

• 对有益

• be beneficial to/be conducive to.…

• 为社会做贡献

• make contributions to the society

• 打下坚实的基础

• lay a solid foundation for..

• 综合素质

• comprehensive quality

• 致力于投身于

• be committed/devoted to.…

• 应当承认

• Admittedly，

• 不可推卸的义务

• unshakable duty

• 满足需求

• satisfy/meet the needs of..

• 可靠的信息源

• a reliable source of information

• 宝贵的自然资源

• valuable natural resources

• 因特网

• the Internet

• 方便快捷

• convenient and efficient

• 在人类生活的方方面面

• in all aspects of human life

• 环保的材料

• environmentally friendly materials

• 社会进步的体现

• a symbol of society progress

• 大大方便了人们的生活

• eth has greatly facilitated people's lives.

• 对这一问题持有不同态度

• hold different attitudes towards this issue

• 在一定程度上

• to some extent

• 理论和实践相结合

• integrate theory with practice

• 必然趋势

• an irresistible trend of..

• 日益激烈的社会竞争

• the increasingly keen social competition

• 眼前利益

• immediate interest/short-term interest

• 长远利益

• long-term interest

• 有其自身的优缺点

• has its own merits and demerits/pros and cons

• 对有害

• do harm to/be harmful to/be detrimental to

• 交流思想情感信息

• exchange ideas/emotions/information

• 跟上的最新发展

• keep pace with/keep abreast with the latest development of..

• 的健康发展

• the healthy development of..

• 重视

• attach great importance to..

• 社会地位

• social status

• 把时间和精力放在上

• focus one's time and energy on.…

• 扩大知识面

• expand one's scope of knowledge

• 身心两方面

• both physically and mentally

• 有直接间接关系

• be directly/indirectly related to..

• 导致很多问题

• give rise to/lead to/spell various problems

• 可以替代think的词

• Think/believe，claim，maintain，argue，insist，hold the opinion/belief/view that

• 缓解压力减轻负担

• relieve stress/burden

• 优先考虑发展

• give（top）priority to sth

• 与比较

• compared with.…/in comparison with

• 可降解的可分解的材料

• degradable/decomposable material

• 代替

• replace/substitute/take the place of

• 提供就业机会

• offer job opportunities

• 反映了社会进步的

• mirror the social progress/advance

• 增进相互了解

• enhance/promote mutual understanding

• 充分利用

• make full use of/take advantage of

• 承受更大的工作压力

• suffer from heavier work pressure

• 保障社会稳定和繁荣

• guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society

• 更多地强调

• put more emphasis on.…

• 适应社会发展

• adapt oneself to the social development

• 实现梦想

• realize one's dream

• 主要理由列举如下

• The main/leading reasons are listed as follows：

• 我们还有很长的路要走

• We still have a long way to go.

二、同义替换

• 人们 (Those who)

• people=individuals

• 大多数人

• many people=a majority of people

• 很多（修饰不可数名词）

• a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of

• 很多（可数名词）

• a great number of=a large quantity of=considerable amount of

• 丰富的，大量的

• plentiful=abundant

• 贵的

• expensive=pricy

• 东西，物品

• thing=item

• 人类

• humans=human beings=human race

• 有助于（动词）

• benefit=conduce to=help=contribute to

• 危害（动词）

• harm=damage=endanger=undermine

• 有好处的（形容词）

• beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding)

• 有害的（形容词）

• harmful=detrimental=damaging

• 教育

• education=schooling

• 认为

• think=believe=hold

• 反对

• oppose=object to=be against

• 支持

• support=be in favor of=be for

• 对我来说

• as for me=as far as I am concerned

• 我的观点是

• in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=personally

• 随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词）

• as …develops=with the development of...=with the progress of…=as…advances

• 很快（副词）

• quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate

• 此外（提出新信息）

• in addition=besides=furthermore=moreover

• 因为（加句子）

• because=as=for=since

• 因为（加名词）

• because of=due to=owing to

• 原因 （名词）前面可以与(for)搭配

• reasons=factors

• 因此

• so=thus=as a result=therefore=consequently=accordingly

• 然而

• however=nevertheless

• 第一

• first=in the first place

• 另外一方面

• on the one hand=in one aspect

• 考虑到（介词短语，加名词后加逗号）

• in view of=considering=in the respect of=in light of

• 取代（动词）

• replace=substitute

• 喜欢（注意词性）

• like=enjoy=be fond of=be fascinated with=prefer

• 欢乐，享受（名词）

• pleasure=enjoyment

• 不喜欢、厌烦

• hate=dislike=be fed up with=be bored with

• 无聊的，枯燥的

• monotonous=dull and boring=tedious

• 令人愉快的，享受的

• pleasant=enjoyable

• 快捷的，效率高的

• fast=efficient(efficiently)

• 优点

• advantage=merit=strength=pros

• 缺点

• disadvantage=demerit=weakness=cons=drawback

• 如果，在......情况下

• if=on condition that=under the circumstance that

• 只要

• as long as=provided that…

• 影响（动词）

• influence=affect

• 影响，冲击（名词）

• effect=influence=impact

• 有利的，好的

• favorable=good

• 不好的，负面的

• negative=unfavorable=bad

• 谈到…的时候（短语，后加逗号）

• speaking of=talking about=when it comes to…

• 总而言之（后加逗号）

• in summary=to sum up=to conclude=in the final analysis

• 花费（名词，第一个可数，第二个不可数）

• expense=spending

• 时代

• age=time=era

• 改进，提高（动词）

• improve=enhance

• 减轻（动词）

• ease=relieve=alleviate

• 开发， 培养（动词）

• develop=cultivate=foster

• 提供（动词）

• offer=provide=supply

• 机会，opp指“好的机会”

• chance=opportunity

• 导致（动词）

• lead to=cause=give rise to=result in

• 缺少（动词）

• lack=be short of

• 短缺（名词）

• shortage=scarcity

• 资助（动词）

• fund=subsidize

• 贫穷的/缺钱的（形容人）

• poor=impoverished=sb./sth with a tight budget

• 落后的（形容地区）

• underdeveloped=backward area

• 浪费（动词）

• waste=lavish

• 时髦的（形容词）

• trendy=stylish

• 时尚

• fashion= vogue= trend

• 房子，住所

• houses=shelters

• 税收，第二个指国税

• tax=revenue

• 收入（注意何时加s）

• income=earnings

• 同样地(用于比较)另外一方面/与之对比/相反的（用于对比）

• likely=similarly in the other hand=by contrast=on the contrary

• 改变，重新塑造（动词）

• change=reshape

• 减少（动词）

• decrease=decline

• 增长(只能在前面加主语)

• increase=grow=rise=soar

• 下降(只能在前面加主语)

• drop=fall =decrease=decline

• 重要的

• important=significant=crucial=of importance=vital

• 必要的，必不可少的

• necessary=essential=indispensable

• 修饰动词

• more and more=increasingly

• 修饰名词

• more and more=an increasing number of…

• 比…好（形容词）

• better than=superior to

• 加速，使…迅速发展（动词）

• speed up=accelerate

• 资本（名词）

• fund-capital

• 购买（动词）

• buy-purchase

• 消除（动词）

• get rid of=do away with=eliminate

• (修饰动词)

• a lot, very much , greatly=considerably, significantly, dramatically

• 相对地，比较而言地

• relatively=comparatively

• 提议

• suggestion=proposal

• 提议，提倡（动词）

• propose=advocate

• 争议性的（注意词的位置）

• controversial…=….in dispute

• 趋势

• trend=tendency

• 担忧，令人担忧（既是动词也是名词）

• worry=concern

• 家庭

• family=household

• 解决（动词）

• solve=tackle

• 实施（动词）

• carry out=implement

• 各种各样的（表示种类繁多）

• many=a wide range of=a diversity of

• 不同的/不一样（动词）

• be different=vary=differ

• 严重的（形容词）

• serious=severe

• 方法

• method=approach

• 方式

• way of…=means of…

• 经济的

• financial=economic

• 数不清的

• numerous=countless

• 令人惊讶的

• surprising=staggering

• 便宜的

• cheap=inexpensive

• 拥挤（名词）

• jam=congestion

三、高分词

注意：第一行是低分词，第二行是高分替换词

• good 好的

• superb, brilliant, outstanding, awesome

• bad 坏的

• adverse, evil, terrible, horrible

• old 老的

• old-fashioned, outdated, antiquated, archaic

• strange 陌生的

• eccentric, peculiar, odd, weird

• short 短的

• transient, short-lived

• forever 永远

• for good, perpetually

• different 不同的

• unique, distinctive, dissimilar

• do 做

• conduct, carry out, execute

• see 看见

• witness, observe, spot, glimpse

• increase 增加，提高

• soar, escalate, double, triple

• walk 走

• wander, stride, sneak, creep

• learn 学习

• acquire, review, master

• get 取得

• obtain, attain

• help 帮助

• assist, aid

• mean 意思是

• suggest, indicate, imply, symbolize

• picture 图画

• drawing, painting, cartoon

• big 大的

• immense, enormous, tremendous

• cause 引起

• give rise to, trigger, result in, arouse

• make 做

• produce, create, develop

• rich 丰富的

• wealthy, affluent, ample

• cheap 便宜的

• economical, inexpensive, affordable

• common 普遍的

• widespread, prevalent

• change 改变

• transform, alter, modify

• people 人

• individuals, adolescents, adults

• famous 著名的

• renowned, celebrated, distinguished, prominent

• think 想

• suppose, claim, maintain, presume, assume

• keep 保存

• preserve, conserve

• break 破坏

• undermine, jeopardize, devastate

四、of形式形容词

• very important 非常重要的

• of great importance

• very difficult 非常困难的

• of great difficulty

• very beautiful 非常美丽的

• of great beauty

• very useful 非常有用的

• of great use

• very helpful 非常有帮助的

• of great help

• very harmful 非常有害的

• of great harm

• very valuable 非常有价值的

• of great value

• very significant 至关重要的

• of great significance

• very necessary 非常必要的

• of great necessity

五、简单句

（一）被动

1. 只要中文听到：我们、人们、大家、有人、许多人、越来越多的人等人称代词为主语时，均可考虑写成被动

eg我们应该孝敬父母

• Parents should be respected by us

• parents：superiors；the elderly；senior citizens

• should：ought to；be supposed to；be obliged to（有责任、义务做）

• us/we/people

• n 泛指：

• human beings；private individuals；the folks；all children and adults；all human beings；men and women in all walks

• n 一类群体：

• teenagers and youngsters（年轻人）；experts and professors（专家）；undergraduates（大学生）；youngsters on campus（大学生）

eg.我们不应该盲目追星

• Superstars was not supposed to be persued blindly by teenagers and youngsters.

• not：never；by no means；under no circumstance；fail to do

2. 本句型公众号 一烫推荐写在第一段的最后一句话，用来引出文章中心时使用；或是在第三段第一句文章总结时使用

污染很严重

• The pollution is thought very serious by more and more of experts and professors.

• more and more：an increasing amount of

• think：assum；hold；argue；contend；presume；insist；maintain；assert；claim p：be of the opinion that；have been convinced that；cling to the perspective that

• very：pretty；quite；rather；distinctly；outstandingly；remarkably；exceedingly；especially；extraordinarily；enormously

• serious：grave；severe；fearful；fatal；be of great severity

（二）there be 句型

1. there exist/seem/remain/appear

eg.有很多原因解释我的观点

• There seem many reasons to explaing my idea.

• many：a sea of；a host of；a multitude of；a train of；an army of；immense amounts of；numerous；in numerable；abundant；plentiful

• reason：cause；factors；elements

• explain：account for；lead to；give rise to；contribute to；be responsible for

• idea：point；viewpoint；outlook；perspective；argument

2. 本句型推荐写在第二段的第一句话，引出原因分析时使用

3. 其他 there be 句型的经典表达

有强烈的证据表明：There is strong evidence to show that

越来越多的人认为：There is a growing worldwide awareness around the world that

（三）比较结构

1.as...as 原级比较

（1） 只要作文中出现形容词、副词。均可写成 as..as 句型。后再加 which 引导的非限定定语从句补充说明。

（2） 推荐公众号 一烫 写在第一段最后一句、第三段第一句（所有文章中心均可写成...很严重；...很重要）

eg.刘像花一样美丽

• Liu is as beautiful as a red rose , which manages to take away the breath of a host of children and adults.

• n 感官动词：look；smell；taste；feel；sound

• n 似乎：seem；appear；

• n 证明：prove

• n 变得：become；get

• n 保持：keep；remain

• n 现在进行时的 be 不可以替换

• beautiful：attractive；graceful；charming；elegant；gorgeous

• eg. sth（信心）很重要

• Confidence keeps as important as air and water , which play a key role in normal growth of all creatures.

• important：vital；crutial；critical；fundamental；significant；essential；indispensable；play a key role in sth.；be of great importance

• eg. sth（污染）很严重

• Pollution becomes as serious as earthquakes , which have threatened the health of natives or even taken their lives away.

2.the more ...the more...

本句型 公众号 一烫 推荐写在文章第二段分析文章原因时使用

• eg.你爬得越高，看得越远

• The farther one climbs, the higher he will see.

• 表示写抽象的远：比较级 further 表示实际远：比较级 farther

• eg.越努力，越幸运

• The harder all children and adults keep, the more fortunate they will become.

• eg.我们越快的采取措施，这个问题越能得到有效的解决

• The more rapidly authrities take measures,the more effectively the problem will be solved.

• take measures：adopt steps/action

• solve：resolve；settle；deal with；cope with

• problem：issue（大事）；subject（话题）；phenomenon；matter（小事）；current situation

六、并列句

（一）and；but

• and：likewise；similarly；equally；at the same time；in the meanwhile

• but：conversely；by contrast；on the contrary；contrarily；unexpectedly；unfortunately；nevertheless

• 1. 描述图画的分类

一幅图

一个主体，两个动作（第一个动作写次要动作，第二个写主要动作）

两个主体，两个动作

两幅图

• 2. 该句型推荐写在作文的第一段，描述一幅图两个主体，两个动作时使用；或两幅图时使用

• l In the picture, the goal-keeper is imaging himself as small as a ant , on the contrary , the soccer player is visualizing his rival outstandingly giant.

• picture：cartoon；drawing；painting；caricature；photograph

（二）not only...but also（不但而且）

本句型 公众号一烫 推荐写在文章第二段，分析原因时使用

养宠物的好处，不仅能减少老人孤单，而且可以塑造孩子的爱心

• Raising pets can not only reduce loneliness of senior citizens but also can cultivate the love heart of kids.

孝敬父母不但是中华民族的传统美德，而且是子女的法定义务

• Respecting parents not only keeps a Chinese conventional virtue but also proves the responsibility of their offspring.

为什么自信重要

• Conidence not only enables youngsters on campus to find more happiness in the life but also makes you achieve greater glories.

七、复合句

（一）主语和主语从句

1.句式

显而易见，众所周知

• It...that...

• It proves common knowledge that

• It proves self-evident that

• It has been found that

• It seems beyond dispute that

• It is universally acknowledged that

• It has been widely accepted that

• It is generally agreed that

我认为

• It keeps my perspecrive that

2.更好的变体

• (It)What...(is) that...

• What proves common knowledge is that .........

3. 主语从句可以写在作文中，任何一句话的前面，用来拉长句子

4. 推荐写在第一段第一句话的前面，用来引出描绘图画或图表

（二）同位语（解释名词）和同位语从句

1. 名词做同位语（一个名词解释另一个名词）

（1）只要作文中见到一个名词，都可以在其后面再加一个名词做同位语

• Environmental pollution has become increasingly fearful in our contemporary society.

• Environmental pollution , (a hot-debated issue throughout the world)，has become increasingly fearful in our contemporary society.

（2） 名词作同位语，最多出现一次

• A boy is writing the name of beckham to his face.

• A boy，(a crazy football fan )，is writing the name，(the symbol of someone)， of beckham，(aworldwide famous star) ，on his face，(a part of the body).

• Confidence keeps essential in our success.

• Confidence，a Chinese traditional virtual，keeps essential in our success.

2. 同位语从句

本句型公众号 一烫推荐写在作文的第二段，分析原因的时候使用

• 她长着一副大眼睛这个事实表明她是一个美女

• The evidence that she wears a pair of big eyes manifests that she looks like a beauty.

• 很多女生都穿上了漂亮的花裙子这个事实表明夏天已经偷偷的来了

• The evidence that numerous girls have worn attractive colorful dress manifests that summer is around the corner secretly.

• 我们再也看不到明亮的星星和皎洁的月光了，这个事实表明污染很严重

• The evidence that bright stars and pure moonlights fail to be detected manifests that pollution becomes increasingly fearful in our contemporary society.

（三）定语和定语从句

1. 定语成分（修饰名词）

（1） 形容词

（2） 介词短语

（3） 名词 of..

（4） 非谓语动词

（5） 定语从句

2. 定语在写作的使用

（1） 只要在作文中见到名词，都可以有意识的加一个定语成分，拉长句子

（2） 句子很短时加

（3） 但是在第一段描述图画的时候，只要见到名词通常都要加上定语，使图画描述显得很生动

• An American girl is wearing Chinese costume.

• An American girl young as well as elegant is wearing Chinese costume ,which keeps popular in YunNan Province.

• A boy is rushing to the destination.

• A boy young as well as energetic is rushing to the destination which becomes a new stars.

3. 描述图画的万能定语

（1） 好的

• as well as 连接两个并列的形容词

• 外貌：cute；lovely；little；graceful；elegant；young

• 内心：confident；energetic；enthusiastic/passionate/optimistic/active；aggressive；ambitious

• 人好：（给读者留下深刻印象的）Who looks distinctly impressive to readers

（2） 坏的

• as well as 连接两个并列的形容词

• 外貌：fat；cruel；ugly

• 内心：nagaive；dispassioned；terrible/disgusting/disgraceful

• 人坏：（不能给读者留下深刻印象的）Who looks rather less impressive to readers.

4. 定语从句的满分表达（which 引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰前面整句话）

本句型可以写在作文中任何一句话后面，对前面任何一句话补充说明，但是 公众号一烫 推荐写在第二段分析原因时，某个比较短的原因后面，用来拉长句子

这件事（他是一个色狼），这是显而易见的

• He looks like a lady-killer ,which has been widely accepted.

• which leaves us a deep impression

• which provokes the punlic's widespread concerns

• which brings us the unnecessary/unexpected trouble

• which gives rise to dreadful consequence

（四）状语和状语从句

1.什么是状语

（1）副词

（2）时间

（3）地点

（4）原因

（5）条件

（6）目的

（7）让步：although

（8）结果：so that

（9）方式：by

（10）伴随：with

（11）比较：as as

2. 状语的位置非常灵活，可以随便放

3. 状语在写作中的使用

（1） 作文中任何一句话的旁边都可以有意识的加一个状语成分，把句子拉长。

（2） 但是，在第一段描述图画或图表时，一定要加状语，使图画或图表的描述显得很完整

4.描述图画的万能状语

• In the centre of the vivid picture

5.第二段分析原因的万能状语

显而易见：

• as every one can see it

随着科学技术的发展：

• with the rapid advance of science and technology

现在：in our contemporary society

在我们的日常生活中：

• in the general routine of everyday living

虽然很多人都没有关注这个问题：

• although many people fail to pay attention to the problem

• pay attention to ：pour attention into/place great emphasis on/attach great importance to/shed light on/focus on

6.状语从句的满分表达

（1） although 引导的让步状语从句

作文中任何一句话的旁边都可以写 although 引导的让步状语从句。对前面内容进行弱转折

但公众号 一烫 推荐写在第二段分析原因的时候使用

为什么网络不好？

因为影响了我们的学习和工作

• Surfing on the internet exerts great influence one the study and work of teenagers and youngsters , although

• it makes our daily life more convenient.

为什么说追星不好

• Pursuring celebrities blindly keeps a waste of time and energy of youngsters on campus， although their singsing sunds touching.

为什么农民涌入城市？

• They , in big cities, not only find more job oppotunities but also enable their offspring to enjoy equal education like these in urban areas, although they lead a tough life

（2） so...that 引导的结果状语从句（如此...以至于）=as...as

作文中出现形容词或副词都可以写成 so...that 句型

但推荐公众号 一烫写在第一段的最后一句话，引出文章中心时使用或者第三段第一句话，文章总结时使用

that 后越准确，得分越高

万能的结果状语从句：

• sth so that it should have been brought in the limelight under modern conditions.

（3） 分词作状语，放在句子主谓之间，作为插入语使用

描述美国小女孩

• An American girl is smiling.

• An American girl is wearing Chinese traditional costume.

• An American girl，smiling，is wearing Chinese traditional costume.

•  An American girl young as well as elegant，smiling sweetly on her face, is wearing Chinese traditional costume which keeps popular in the southeast of China.

描述火锅

• The hot pot is smoking

• The hot pot is filled with cultures.

• The hot pot, smoking , is filled with cultures.

• The hot pot not only delicious but also healthy,,smoking in the center of the vivid caricature , is filled with cultures from China and foreign nations.

本句型推荐公众号 一烫 写在作文的第一段，描述一幅图，一个主体，两个动作时使用。

模板：sb.（定语），doing sth.（次要动作）➕ 定/状，is doing sth（主要动作）➕ 定/状

八、特殊结构

（一）插入语

1. 以下都是万能的插入语，可以插在任何一句话的主谓之间

（1） 常见的副词及短语：indeed；surely；however；obviously；frankly；naturally；luckily/happily for sb.；certainly

（2） 常见的形容词及短语：needless to say（不用说、显然易见）；most important of all

（3） 常见的介词短语：

• by the way；in a few words/in sum/in short；in other words；in general；in one's opinion/judgment；in fact；in the first place；of course；to one's knowledge/surprise/regret/satisfaction/mind/joy/disappointment

• （4）常见的现在分词短语strictly/generally/honestly/personally/exactly/physically/speaking；judging from/by

（5） 常见的不定时短语：to be sure（ 无疑地）；to sum up（概括地说）；to tell the truth；to be honest；to be short；to conclude；to put it briefly；to put it in another way；to begin（start）with

2. 插入语为简短的、具有完整意义的句子

• I think/hope/guess/knoe/believe/suppose；I am sure（我可以肯定地说）；that is （to say）（也就是说）；it seems（看起来是）；as I see it（照我看来）；what's more；what's worse；what is

• important/serious（重要/严重的是）；I'm afraid（恐怕）；it is said（据说）；as we all know

3. 推荐写在第一段最后一句话、第二段的第一句话、第三段的第一句话使用

（二）双重否定

1.never fail to

（1） 没有具体意思，表示强调，强调句子的谓语

（2） 可以放在任何一个肯定句的主谓之间

（3） 公众号 一烫 推荐写在第一段最后一句话、第二段的第一句话、第三段的第一句话使用

2.cannot have failed to do sth.

（1） =must do sth.一定要做

（2） 推荐公众号 一烫 写在第三段具体措施公众号一烫时使用

（3） 谁采取措施？

父母/老师采取措施：（kids）cannot have failed to be educated/inspired by their parents to（越准确分数越高）

学校采取措施：more activities cannot have ailed to be organized by their schools to（越准确分数越高）

（三）修辞

1.比喻

（1）（sth.）自信很重要

• （sth.）confidence is to 人 as water is to fish/as the foundation is to high skyscrapers/as the infinite blue sky is to little larks

（2） sth.很严重

• sth. seems to 人 as pollution is to all human beings/as intensive pain is to the terminally ill patients/as grave natural disasters are to powerless natives.

（3） 本句型推荐公众号 一烫 写在第一段的最后一句话引出文章中心时使用，或第三段第一句话，文章总结时使用

2.排比

（1） 形容词

刘是一个美丽的老师

• Liu is a teacher elegant and graceful.

（2） 副词

我们要迅速的采取措施

• Measures should be taken quickly, toughly and effectively.

（3） 句子的排比：eg：定语从句

• l If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.

• This great Nation will endure as it has endures, will revive and will prosper.

• We were in the midst of shock-but we acted. We acted quickly, boldly, decisively.

（4） 排比推荐公众号 一烫 写在作文的第二段，分析原因时使用

（四）强调句型

（1） It is...that...（不能强调谓语，其他均可）

• I met my old flame in the street yesterday.

强调"我"

• It was I that met my old flame in the street yesterday.

强调"旧情人"

• It was my old flame that I met in the street yesterday.

强调"昨天"

• It was yesterday that I met my old flame in the street。

（2） 作文的所有句子均可以写成强调句

（3） 推荐写在第一段最后一句话、第二段的第一句话、第三段的第一句话使用

（五）倒装

1. 把一句话写成一般疑问句的形式，给一句话提助动词放在句首

2. 否定词放在句首用倒装

我从不是一个彪悍外向的女人

• I am never a woman tough and outgoing. Never am I a woman tough and outgoing.

• Respecting parents not only keeps a Chinese conventional virtue but also proves the responsibility of their offspring.

• Not only does respecting parents keep a Chinese conventional virtue but also proves the responsibility of their offspring

3. so..that..把 so 引导的部分放在句首，用倒装

我妈妈很善良

• My mum is so kind that she will never kill an ant. So kind is my mum that she will never kill an ant.

• sth is so significant/fearful that it should have been brought in the limelight under modern conditions.

• So significant/fearful does sth. keep that it should have been brought in the limelight under modern conditions.

4. only+状语，放在句首用倒装

只有通过采取这些措施，这个问题才能得到改善Only by taken those actions can the issue be improved a lot.

（六）虚拟语气

1. if 引导虚拟语气

如果你要远行，我会掩上所有的窗户

if 引导的条件状语从句：If you travel to the next resort, I will close all my windows.

• If you traveld to the next resort, I would close all my windows

(1)如何把一个正常的条件状语从句 公众号 一烫 变为虚拟语气把已经写好的句子时态往后退一步.

(2) 需要注意的是在虚拟语气中。be 动词的过去式只有 were

(3) 本句型推荐公众号 一烫 写在作文第二段最后一个原因分析：反面论证时使用；或者第三段第一句话文章总结时使用

如果.....我们将....

所有的中国人将在不远的将来付出惨重的代价(万能）

• all Chinese human beings would pay a heavy price in the near future.

他们将会面临一个暗淡的未来

• they will be confronted with a dim and gloomy future

如果我们都不孝敬父母.....

• If parents fail to be respected by their sons or daughters）, all Chinese human beings would pay a heavy price

in the near future.

如果每一个大学生都沉溺于网络...

• If every university student were indulged in surfing on the internet, he would be confronted with a dim and gloomy future.

2. it seems imperative/essential/urgent that ...很重要，很紧急

(1) 本句型公众号 一烫 推荐写在作文的第三段，具体措施的时候使用

(2) 个人采取措施：it seems imperativ/essential/urgent that 人（Chinese citizens/undergraduates）should（越准确分数越高）

段落

一、段落写作原则：起承转（合）

二、段落的论证方式（连中文都写不出来）

（一）定义和解释（具体化）

1. 文章的中心词（sth.1）is sth. 2 which means that+三个并列的简单句+when 引导的时间状语从句

2. sth.2

（1） 一个非常严重的全球性话题（坏事）：a severe globle issue

（2） 中华民族传统美德：a Chinese traditional virtue

（3） 社会流行趋势：a social pervasive trend

（4） 积极/消极的心态：an active/negative mentality

（5） 一个社会热门话题：a hot social topic

• 什么是追星

• Pursuing stars is a popular trend among youngsters，which means that （排比）we buy their CDs，we take

• part in their conerts and we stick their pictures on the wall （when they become popular）

• 什么是孝敬父母

• Respecting parents is a Chinese traditional virtual ，which means that we accompany them to travel, we send

• some gifts to them and we call them up when they need us.

3. 本句型公众号一烫推荐写在第一个原因分析

（二）统计和事实（推荐英语二）

1.根据按照：in light of/on the basis of/in line with

2.最近的：the latest/current/proximate

3. 统计：survey/data/statistics/study

4. 什么机构的调查，越来越多的人认为：by （the Chinese academy of social sience), an increasing amount of 人 think that（文章中心句）

（三）引用名人名言

1. Once, there seemed a (writer) who has gained great reputation

2. In （Japan）named xxx stating that....

（1） as as

（2） the more the more

（3） so that（倒装）

（4） 比喻

（5） 虚拟语气

（四）举例

1.举小例子

通常举在复数名词 来源于公众号 一烫的后面

• I love reading masterpieces such as gone with the wind, pride and prejudice and harry potter.

• I enjoy fruits such as bananas ,apples and pears.

2. 举个例子

• although multitudes of cases can support my simple view , the following one is most favorable

• A examples to prove the view are abundant. The most persuasive one is the case of sb who

• B this can be illustrated by the example of sb who

• C such stimulating/less impressive cases/stories are not rare in our daily life

• D to examine this, let's return to the example of sb./sth.

例子越明确分数越高

n 爱心就像一盏灯，越黑暗的地方越明亮公众号一烫

• I, the other day, had a high fever unfortunately , no families or roommates took care of me at that moment , a teacher entered to give me some medicines then ,I recovers. The story vividly tells a truth that loving heart seems like a lamp which becomes lighter in darkness.

3. 举例时需要注意：（3/9）

（1） 一定要使用自己拿的准的单词与语法公众号 一烫，在此基础上，单词准确

（2） 句子与句子之间多用逻辑关系词，注意正确使用

（3） 注意时态的使用

三、使用思路

（一）如果能用中文想到原因分析，就用以下句型写

1.句型

（1） the more...the more（主将从现）

（2） not only ...but also

（3） the evidence that...manifest that....(同位语从句)➕ 文章中心句

（4） although 引导的让步状语从句

（5） if 引导的虚拟语气

2. 某个句型写出来短，就用 which （非限定性定语从句）或万能状语拉长句子

（二）如果用中文想不到原因分析，就用以下论证方式

（1） 定义和解释

（2） 数据列举

（3） 名人名言

（4） 举例（最多 2）

文章写法（大作文）

一、图画作文

（一）第一段【描述图画+寓意表达（中心）3-4 句】

1. 第一二句话：
用主语从句引出描述图画 what is obvious is that

（1） 一幅图，一个主体，两个动作

• in the easy and simple carton, sb（定），doing sth(次要动作)（定、状）， is doing sth（主要动作）（定、状）

（2） 一幅图，两个主体，两个动作

• in the easy and simple carton,sb1（定）is doing sth1（定、状）；and/but sb2（定）is doing sth2

（3） 两幅图

• in the former picture, sb1（定） is doing sth1（定、状）;and/but in the latter one, sb2（定）is doing sth2（定、状）

2. 第三句话（引出寓意的过渡语）1/12

• (1)personally, what the picture conveys is far beyond a new fashion trend and carries cultural implication

• (2)the fact/story that...indicates that...

• (3) the symbolic meaning of the canton is quite self-evident:

• (4) the message conveyed in the picture seems to be that

• (5) the picture has revealed, as is known to us all/in recent years, a current social phenomenon that

• (6)the picture does relect a thought-provoking social phenomenon-

• (7) it is apparen that the author of the drawing tries to reveal to us:

• (8) the picture conveys a deep concern as to sth(不好的现象）+定语（which has aroused an adverse influence in our society)

• (9) the purpose of the picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the phenomenon sth. Owing to sth,(分析原因或优缺点）

• (10)its symbolic meaning, which is quite obvious, subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously--

• (11)it seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about the importance/seriousness of sth., which... (12)we can deduce from this picture that the drawer is trying to attract our attention to sth, which..

3. 寓意表达（中心总结）

（1） 表现：we should do sth/we should never do sth/sth is very important/sth is very serious

（2） 推荐公众号 一烫句型 1/4：被动/as...as/so...that/比喻+插入语/双重否定/强调句4.参考（2013）

一个主体：毕业生+定语【微笑（具体）/给读者留下深刻印象（万能定语）】

主要动作：面临四个选择（被动/as...as/so...that/比喻+插入语/双重否定/强调句）

次要动作：站在人生十字路口（自己想）/路上/图片中央 （万能）

• What looks beyond dispute is that a host of graduates young as well as confused, standing on the cross road of their life, are confronted with four choices such as hunting for jobs and going abroad.The symbol meaning of the cartoon is quite conspicuous:it is options that should be argued exceedingly indispensable by children and adults.

（二）第二段【原因分析/论证（4 句-3 个原因）】

1.第一句话（引出原因分析）1/12替换句型后+插入语/双重否定/强调句加工

•  there be

• on the surface of it, this may seem to be ridiculous/ attractive/ funny/ just a popular phenomenon, but If thinking again, we would point out some reasons.

• it is superficially plausible/ ridiculous/ attractive/ funny/just a popular phenomenon, but when subjected to analysis, it turns out that there are fundamental reasons.

• there are many/different/several/a number of causes/factors for the dramatic/marked/ significant

• increase/changes/decrease/problem in…

• why …? First /one reason is /second/ for another / finally /perhaps the primary/main/ most important…

• the change / increase/decrease in… mainly /largely/ partly results /arise from/ is due to …

•  you may criticize for/ blame for … , but the causes for the roots /problem/ phenomenon go far deeper.

• t is no easy/simple task/job to find /offer the reason for the complicated phenomenon/deep-seated tendency.

•  there stand at least two reasons, I think, for the phenomenon of

•  However, recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a solution.

• many factors could contribute to… (pollution)but some deserve special mention:

2.2-4 原因分析 3/9

（1） 首先、其次、最后

• 首先【（一大一小）2/6】：

• first of all/first and foremost/most important of all/to begin with/the main element for the problem is that/what appears as the first reason is that

• 其次【（一大一小）2/6】：besides/in addition/aditionally/what is more/moreover/furthermore

• 最后【（一大一小）2/5】：last but not least/at least/consequently/as a consequence/in the end

（2） 如果能用中文想到原因分析 公众号 一烫，就用以下句型写

• 第一个原因分析：文章的中心词（sth.1）is sth. 2 which means that+三个并列的简单句+when 引导的时间状语从句

• 分析原因：the more...the more（主将从现）/not only ...but also/the evidence that...manifest that. (同位语从句)➕ 文章中心句/although 引导的让步状语从句

• 最后一个原因分析，反面论证：if 引导的虚拟语气

• 拉长句子：which（非限定性定语从句）/排比

• 公众号 一烫 推荐：

• although+举例（+if 虚拟）

• the more ...the more（+which）+名人名言+the evidence

（3） 如果用中文想不到原因分析，就用以下论证方式：定义和解释/数据列举/名人名言/举例

（三）总结段（4 句）

1. 第一句话（总结句）1/5：被动/ as...as（很严重、很重要）/so...that/比喻 sth. is to 人 as sth. is to/if 引导的虚拟语气+插入语/双重否定/强调句加工

2. 第二、三句话具体措施

双重否定：cannot have failed to do sth.=must do sth.一定要做

• 父母/老师采取措施：（kids）cannot have failed to be educated/inspired by their parents to（越准确分数越高）

• 公众号一烫学校采取措施：more activities cannot have ailed to be organized by their schools to（越准确分数越高）

• 虚拟语气：it seems imperative/essential/urgent that ...很重要，很紧急

• 个人采取措施：it seems imperative/essential/urgent that 人（Chinese citizens/undergraduates） should（越准确分数越高）

3.第四句话（喊口号）

（1） 总结法

• Every coin has two sides, sth is no exception.

• What we should pay attention is to …

• The sooner effective measures are taken, the more glorious future we will have.

• I believe that a happy and bright future is awaiting us if we make every effort to promote(好事)/ ban (坏事)

• We do, in fact, have a long way to reach our final goal, but achieving something remains well within the realm of possibility.

• The method suggested may not guarantee ultimate success; however, achieving even partial success will benefit mankind and contribute to creating a better world.

（2） 建议法

• it is essential that effective measures should be taken to

• It is high time that we should urge an immediate end to this phenomenon

• It is high time we fought for the end of the undesirable phenomenon of / to ban sth.

（3） 反 问 法（推荐）

• Isn't sth indispensable for the mental health of people?

• Shouldn't we pay much attention to the issue of sth?

• What does the future hold if mankind persists in doing sth? (wasting natural resources)

（4） 引语法（推荐）

• just as has put it, “...”

• We have always keep in mind the world’s leading writer sb's words (honesty is the best policy)

二、图表作文

（一）第一段：描述图表+中心总结

1.第一二句话：
用主语从句引出描述图表 what is obvious is tha+图表描述一定是一幅图，两个主体，两个动作（有多个只描述最高和最低）

2.第三句话（引出寓意的过渡语）1/12（同图画）

3.第四句（文章中心句）：自己写+插入语/双重否定/强调句加工

4.增加、减少

（1）增加 2/14

• 动词表达：increase/rise/grow/expand/climb/soar/jump/rocket/ascend/accumulate/ surge /swell

• 名词表达：on the rise /increase/ ascendance/ continue its upward trend

（2）减少 2/16

• decrease, fall, drop, decline, dive/plunge, reduce, descend, diminish, dwindle.shrink; go down, fall off, continue its downward trend, on the decline, diminishment slowdown

（3） 大幅度的 2/6

• sharp, dramatic, marked, remarkable, considerable, suddenly,

（4） 慢慢的 2/5

• slow, slight modest(不大的,适度的) gradual, moderately, gently

（5） 保持平稳 2/6

• remain,stay stable/ steady/ constant /the same/ unchanged

（二）第二段（同图画作文）

（三）第三段（同图画作文）

小作文

一、公务书信（给不熟的人）

（一）称呼

1.文中已给出：Dear+文中给出的内容

2.文中未给出：Dear Sir or Madam

（二）正文

1. 第一段：自我介绍+写作目的

（1） 自我介绍：不说名字，说身份

eg：2005

I am an editor for the magzine "Design And Fashions".

①文中已经给出：I am +文中给出的内容 来源于公众号 一烫

②文中没给出：I am a senior rom the department of xxx(专业）in the/a university.

（2） 写作目的：I, to be frank, am writing the letter in order to 文中给的

• eg：2007

• I, to be frank, am writing the letter in order to make suggestions for improving your surveys.

2. 第二段

(1)文中一定给出要求，按照要求来写,上来直接写理由（一般两个）

(2)推荐公众号 一烫 句型:so...that；it is obvious that；（两个并列句）

(3)如果觉得词数不够公众号 一烫 ，就再加一个连词写一句话（不要出现太多定、状，逻辑清楚即可）

• eg：2005

• The salary, to begin with, keeps so low that I fail to support my amiles any more. In addition, it has been widely accepted that the company is too farway from my house. Therefore，it takes me a long time to go to work every day. At last, I am by no means interested in the job although I have tried my best to become involved in it.

3. 第三段

（1） 文中已经做出要求

①第一句话写文中要求的内容

②第二句话表示感谢或期待回信

表示感谢 1/3

• My thanks to you for your generous assistance are beyond words.

• Words fail me when I desire to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kind consideration my requirement/application/complaint.

• I take the opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the generous assistance you rendered me

期待回信 1/3

• I am looking forward to your reply.

• I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.

• your prompt attention to my… Would be highly appreciated.

（2） 文中未给出要求 公众号 一烫：表示感谢+期待回信

（三）落款：右下角Yours Truly, LiMing

二、私人书信

（一）称呼：文中一定给出 Dear+文中给出的内容

（二）正文

1.第一段

（1） 问候语+写作目的（同公务书信）

（2） 问候语：

• It is great to hear from you again.

• Nothing could have given me greater pleasure than to get news from you.

• You have no idea how happy I was to receive your letter.

• As to/with reference to /with regard to/as regards … ,引出写作目的

2.第二段：文中一定给出（同公务书信）

推荐公众号 一烫 句型:so...that；it is obvious that；（两个并列句）

3.第三段

（1） 文中已经做出要求：用一句话写文中要求内容+祝福语

（2） 文中未给出要求：整理于公众号 一烫 问候（祝福）语+期待回信

• Please bring my best wishes to your family.

• I wish you good health and lots of happiness.

• I wish every success for your career/study in the future.

（三）落款：右下角Yours Truly, LiMing

三、告示类文章Notice

（一）标题：NOTICE（中央）

（二）称呼：可有可无

（三）正文

1. 第一段：写作目的+具体论述

（1） 写作目的 We are /The notice is to （文中一定给出）

（2） 具体论述（同公务书信）

推荐公众号 一烫 句型:so that；it is obvious that；（两个并列句）

2. 第二段：欢迎加入+联系方式

• Welcome to join us. /We are waiting for your coming

• If you intended to join us, please email us at .

（四）落款：单位名字（文中一定给出）