考研英语潘赟《作文九宫格》全书总结
要求：
字数：应用 100-120 短文 160-200 每行 10-12
时间：应用文 15（2+12+1） 短文 40（3+35+2）
常见错误：that 从句，三单，标点，时态
写作策略：语言 > 结构 > 内容
语言 – 词语
词语准确，在能保证意思准确的情况下，尽量写更不通用的具体的词；
多变：
think —— contend, claim, argue, hold the view that, as far as I can c, from my personal perspective, from my point of view, to my way of thinking, in my eyes, in my mind, it’s generally believed that, as is known 2 all, it is well-known that
People —— individual 个体，resident 居民，citizen 公民
分类：men and women, old and young
More and more —— an increasing number of xxs, increasingly xxous
Important —— significant, crucial, essential, critical; of great/utmost importance; Of great importance is…
温暖：
动词前 + 形容词：vividly depict, subtly reveal, strongly believe, differ considerably/markedly/clearly/slightly
形容词前 + 副词：fairly useful, really helpful, utterly/completely different, rather difficult, fast enough
名次前 + 形容词：utmost importance, in my humble opinion, intense/fierce competition, comprehensive/sustainable development, effective/efficient action
并列，押韵：in a reasonable and rational way, effective and efficient measure, limited and little effort, prejudicial and partial report
语言 – 句子
准确：五种简单句：主谓，主谓宾，主系表， 主谓双宾，主谓宾宾补
复杂原则：+ 形容词副词，+ 插入语，+ 介词结构作状语（in xx），非限定状从（which …）
多样原则：
倒装句：
地点状语 + 谓语 + 主语：In the sunshine stands a young lady.
only：Only in this way can we enjoy a better life.
形容词/名词 + as + 主谓：Tired as he is,
强调句：It is/was 主语 that/who 谓语
虚拟语气：
是该…时候：It’s high time that we took effective and efficient methods to solve the problem
虚拟语气省略倒装：if 引导的虚拟条件句，省略 if，条件句中的主谓倒装
Were I you, I would choose another course.
were it to be used in other situations, a negative effect would result.
were the situation to continue, we would pay a high price.
省略句：
时间状语从句省略：When (u’r) in Rome, do as Rome do.
条件状语从句省略：if necessary, if -possible, if true
最高级：比较级 + 否定 = 最高级
结构：九宫格
基本结构：描述图画（包含要点 & 次重点），阐释图画意义（举例/原因/结果论证），个人评论（给出具体意见/建议）
九宫格：主体：147
｜开头段｜0话题引起｜1图画描述｜2图画总结｜40-60
｜中间段｜3意义引出｜4意义论证｜5意义升华｜60-80
｜结尾段｜6归纳评论｜7建议措施｜8憧憬未来｜50-60
层次鲜明：关联词的运用（”为介词）
列举/次序：
first, firstly, first of all, t begin with, in the first place, for one thing;
second, secondly, in the second place, for another;
finally, last but not least;
递进：besides, plus, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, more important;
举例：for instance, as an illustration, to illustrate;
对比：
similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally important;
on the countrary, conversely, by/in contrast, whereas, otherwise;
让步：though, despite”, it’s true that, admittedly;
转折：yet, however, nevertheless, instead;
原因：as, since, owing to”, due to”, on account of”;
结果：thus, consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly, as a consequence, on that account;
强调：actually, in fact, indeed, chiefly, particularly;
总结：in conclusion/short/brief/summary, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude;
内容：
别跑题：站在大部分考生的立场思考问题
以人为本，三个关系：人自身发展，人与他人和社会发展，人与自然发展；
例子多用；
正/负/中立，确定后用明确的感情色彩写；
第一段
要点：至少要描述画面；
加分点：第一句引出主题，最后一句概括评价，并引出下文；
1 话题引起
社会现象：The past several years/decades/centuries have witnessed a (not uncommon) social phenomenon that …
人们慢慢意识到：There’s an increasing/expanding/mounting national/worldwide awareness/consciousness/concern of the importance/detriment/i&d(重要性和有害性并存)/pros and cons of …
负面话题转化正面话题：In no country/area other than B, it is been said, is the problem of A more serious/severe/adverse(不利)/exciting/favorable(有利).
现象：Almost no one in A can fail to notice/pay attention to the phenomenon/issue(问题)/situation that …
热点新闻：Recently, it often hits the headlines of the newspaper/journal/periodical(期刊) that A, which has aroused/provoked/awaken a heated/intense discussion among the public.
热门话题：These days, there’s a hot topic among the general public (关于，+ 名词) concerning/regarding/respecting/in/with reference to …
These days, one of the hottest topics arousing general concern is …
2 图画描述
总公式：如图所示，基本公式。+ （关联词，第二幅图描述）+ 文字说明
如图所示
As is (vividly) shown in the (ridiculous) picture,
It’s vividly/subtly/symbolically/clearly shown/described/revealed/portrayed/illustrated in the ridiculous/thought-provoking/eye-catching picture/cartoon/drawing/photograph/ ~portrayal~ / ~caricature~ (讽刺漫画) that …
关联词：
主题相同：similarly, likewise, furthermore, moreover
主题相反：yet, on the contrary, unfortunately, ironically, regrettably
通用：meanwhile
基本公式：在哪里 谁 在干啥， （详细的）在干啥，with （详细的）在干啥。P30-34
两幅图：找两幅图关系 – 对应关联词 – 分别描述图画
中文小标题：
直译：The caption reads/ Just as the caption indicates/ The subtitle reads/indicates
意译：When reviewing the subtitle, one cannot help wondering/ Hence, the picture connotes a major theme of
题目：Below the drawing, there is a topic which says
3 图画总结：承上启下
直接默写以下句子即可！
Simple as the picture is, the symbolic meaning of it is as deep as the ocean.
~Ridiculous as it is, what the caricature conveys to us is thought-provoking.~
Not only informative is the implication, but instructive as well.
The author’s real purpose/true meaning is not the picture itself, but to lead us to find what hides behind the picture.
what is depicted in the picture seems exaggerated/abstract/ridiculous, which has attracted extensive attention of the society.
But is this what the author tries to tell/convey to us? Certainly/Apparently not.
中间段：论证分析
4 引出意义
重视：Undoubtedly, the purpose of the drawing is to show us that due attention should be paid to …
社会现象：Conspicuously, the drawing symbolically reveals a not uncommon social phenomenon in our daily life: …
揭示关系：The ~metaphorical~ (极富寓意)/exaggerative/ridiculous and impressive picture has subtly revealed/demonstrated the relationship between … and …
精神品质：This picture illustrates/reflects the true meaning of …, by underlining the fact that … is a kind of mental/physical strength, which can support us no matter how hard/dark/indifferent the world/interpersonal communication around us becomes.
有利/害：Actually, the author strives to send out an abundantly apparent message that … is of extreme detriment(有害)/supreme importance to one’s success.
万能1：
What lies behind the picture or “buried” in … is conspicuous:
… is not only necessary but indispensable as well.
… is not only harmful but damaging as well.
the significance/merit of … coexists with the detriment.
万能2：
It goes without a saying/There’s no denying that its symbolic/abstract message that/of … has gone beyond the picture itself.
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