【防务资讯】特种作战：侦察作业变得更加小巧
特邀撰稿人：宝财
[美《战略之页》 2015年6月10消息] 特种作战：侦察作业变得更加小巧
Special Operations: The Recon Revolution Just Got Smaller
一些美国特战司令部操作员正使用一种新型微信无人机（黑色大黄蜂，black hornet ），而英国特种部队自2013年就开始使用该型无人机。英国使用该微型无人机用于侦察和定位狙击手，以及搜索室内建筑或洞口。特战司令部人员已经注意到该机。特种部队和常规步兵已经成为越来越小的无人机超级粉丝（及主要使用者）。这些装置已经使得地面作战和常规行动发生革命性变化。
U.S. SOCOM (Special Operations Command) has some of its operators using a new micro-UAV (Black Hornet) that their British counterparts have been using since 2013. The British used this tiny UAV for reconnaissance and spotting snipers as well as searching inside buildings or cave entrances. SOCOM personnel noticed. Special operations troops as well as regular infantry have become big fans (and heavy users) of smaller and smaller UAVs. These devices have revolutionized ground combat and operations in general.
21世纪步兵一项更加革命性发展就是小型飞机（微型无人机）的出现和广泛使用，步兵可以使用背包携带，发射和操作这些小型飞机来获得实时视频和图像。最早的明星机型是美国2千克的乌鸦无人机。但现在，由挪威研发英国使用的步兵无人机取得了另一项突破。
One of the more revolutionary infantry developments of the 21st century was the appearance and widespread availability of small aircraft (micro-UAVs) that infantry could carry in a backpack, launch and operate themselves thereby obtaining real time video and still pictures. The star performer here was initially the two kilogram (4.4 pound) American Raven. But now there’s another breakthrough infantry UAV, out of Britain by way of Norway.
这就是仅重16克的PD-100黑色大黄蜂无人机。研发于挪威成名于英国陆军的该无人机最初订购了200架，并于2013用于阿富汗。该微型无人机立马取得成功。这已经引起其他国家注意。
This is the 16 gr (about half an ounce) PD-100 Black Hornet. Developed in Norway and noted by the British Army, which initially ordered 200 of them and got them to Afghanistan in 2013. The tiny UAVs were an instant success. Other countries have noticed.
PD-100是一种真正特别小的微型直升机，只有10x 2.5厘米。该机由电池供电，非常安静，每次可滞空20分钟。旋翼直径12厘米。其由硬塑料组成，在不到一分钟内就可以完成准备。全套系统（2台无人机和1个控制器）重量不到1千克。当PD-100控制到1千米以外时，操作员可以在手持控制器上看到（和捕捉到）视频及图片。
The PD-100 is a miniature helicopter that is truly tiny, being 10x2.5 cm (4x1 inch). This aircraft is battery powered, very quiet and can stay in the air for 20 minutes per sortie. The rotor diameter is 12 cm (4.8 inches). The UAV is made of hard plastic and one can be ready for action in less than a minute. A complete system (two UAVs and the controller) weighs less than a kilogram (2.2 pounds). The operator can see (and capture) video and still photos on the hand held controller as the operator sends the PD-100 up to a kilometer away.
操作员还能对摄像头进行对焦。PD-100还能携带GPS，温度计，罗盘，高度传感器。该机最大飞行速度10米/秒，最大飞行高度约为500米。PD-100机体设计具有良好抗风性，使得其尺寸相当稳定。其终究是一款步兵无人机。在城市或森林地区使用非常理想。
The operator can zoom the camera. The PD-100 also carries GPS, a thermometer, compass and altitude sensor. Max speed is 10 meters a second (36 kilometers/22.5 miles an hour) and max altitude is about 500 meters. The body of the PD-100 is designed to handle winds well, making it quite stable for its size. It is the ultimate infantry UAV. The PD-100 is ideal in urban areas or forests.
感谢互联网，美军很快发现了该纳米无人机是多么的好用。因此，在英国PD-100到达阿富汗不到一年，美国陆军就已经订购了。与此同时，生产商已经解决了在PD-100上安装夜视摄像头的问题。目前，公司已经向军方和民用方交付了3000多架PD-100。单机成本约为20万美元。该机不便宜，但的确很实用。高成本是由于许多是非标配件，已经需要涵盖研发成本。随着售出的越来越多，价格将降低，后续类似型号将会更便宜。
Thanks to the Internet, American troops soon found about it and how useful the nano-UAV was. So less than year after the British PD-100s arrived in Afghanistan the U.S. Army had an order in. Meanwhile the manufacturer had figured out how to get a night vision vidcam on the PD-100. So far over 3,000 PD-100s have been delivered, to military and civilian customers. The PD-100 costs about $200,000 each. It is not cheap, but it gets the job done. The high cost is due to many custom parts as well as the need to recover development costs. As more are sold the price will come down and subsequent generations of similar UAVs will be cheaper.
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