英国起源（四）

V．The Norman Conquest (1066)

诺曼征服（公元1066年）

1．Reasons for William's invasion of England after Edward's death.

威廉在爱德华死后入侵英国的原因。

It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. On Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.

据说，爱德华国王曾答应把英格兰王位传给诺曼底公爵威廉，但是贤人会议挑选了哈罗德为国王。所以威廉领军入侵了英格兰。公元1066年10月，在哈斯丁斯附近的激烈交锋中，威廉打败了哈罗德的军队，同时哈罗德也在战争中战死。同年圣诞节，威廉加冕为英格兰国王，开始了英国的诺曼统治时期。

2．The Norman Conquest and its consequences

诺曼征服及其产生的影响。

The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and the civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture were introduced. The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts.

1066年的诺曼征服也许是英国历史上的最著名事件。征服者威廉几乎没收了所有土地，将其分封给他的诺曼追随者。他用强有力的诺曼政府代替了软弱的萨克逊政府。于是，封建制度得以在英国完全建立。他开放了英国与欧洲大陆的联系，文明和商业得到发；引进了诺曼-法国文化、语言、风俗和建筑。教会与罗马的联系更为密切，教会法庭与世俗法庭分离。

3．The English is a mixture of nationalities of different origins. The ancestors of many English people were the ancient Angles and Saxons. Some English people are of the Norman-French origin.

英国是一个集不同民族于一体的国家。许多英国人的祖先是古盎格鲁和撒克逊人。而还有一些英国人的是诺曼血统。

本文摘自沪江网络。