正反、反正汉译技巧是指翻译时突破原文的形式,采用变换语气的办法处理词句,把肯定的译成否定的,把否定的译成肯定的。运用这种技巧可以使译文更加合乎汉语规范或修辞要求,且不失原意。这种技巧可分五个方面加以陈述。The above facts insist on the following conclusions 。上述事实使人们不能不得出以下结论。She won’t go away until you promise to help her 。她要等你答应帮助以后才肯走。There can be no sunshine without shadow 有阳光就有阴影。但是,如果翻译时保留英语原来的“否定之否定”的形式并不影响中文的流畅时,则应保留的目的还可突出原文中婉转的语气。如He is not unequal to the duty 。他并非不称职。I don’t think he will come 。我认为他不会来了。Not all minerals come from mines 。并非所有矿物都来自矿山。Both of the substances do not dissolve in water。不是两种物质都溶于水。重复技巧是英译汉中的一种必不可少的翻译技巧。由于英译汉时往往需要重复原文中的某些词才能使译文表达明确具体;又由于英汉语言结构不同,重复的手段和作用也往往不尽相同,大致可分为三种。I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble。我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备了故障,就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障(重复名词)Under ordinary conditions of pressure ,water becomes ice at C and steam at 100C。在常压下,水在摄氏零度时变成冰,在摄氏一百度时变成蒸汽。(重复动词)A locality has its own over-all interest ,a nation has another and the earth get another。一个地方有一个地方的全局,一个国家有一个国家的全局,一个地球有一个地球的全局(重复谓语部分)He wandered along the street ,thinking and thinking brooding and brooding。While stars and nebulae look like specks or small patches of light . they are really enormous bodies。星星和星云看起来只是斑点点,或者是小片的光,但它们确实是巨大的天体。英汉词句组成和排列的顺序千差万别,因此英译汉时作些调整,颠倒一下顺序,则是一种极为常见的翻译技巧,这种翻译技巧共分五种类型。1、复合句倒译技巧。复合句倒译可分为部分倒译和完全倒译两种技巧。This university 6 newly _established faculties ,namely .Electronic Computer ,High Energy Physics ,Laser ,Geo-physics ,Remote Sensing, and Genetic Engineering。这所大学现在有电子计算机、高能物理、激光、地球、物理、遥感技术、遗传工程等六个新建的专业。(部分倒译)Many laws of nature actually exist in nature though they have not yet been discovered。虽然许多自然规律还没被发现,但是它们确实在自然界中存在。(完全倒译)2、被动句倒译的技巧。被动句倒译时,有时可将被动句倒译成主动句,有时可将状语倒译成主语。The structure of an atom can be accurately described though we cannot see it。虽然我们看不见原子结构,但能准确地描述它。(被动句倒译成主动句)Table tennis is played all over China .中国到处都打乒乓球。(状语倒译成主语)3、以否定型副词或条件副词开头的句子的部分倒译技巧。能引起这种倒译的副词有no ,never ,hardly ,no longer . in no way ,not until ,not even ,only 等。Never before have I read such an interesting book 。我从来没有读过这样有趣的书。These date will be of some value in our research work 。5、习语的倒译技巧。习语的倒译可分为按照汉语的固定顺序倒译和从轻重上加以区分进行倒译以及逆时间顺序进行倒译三种技巧。For its last 600 miles the Yellow River flows eastwards through the flat , fertile ,North China Plain ,which is densely populated。黄河最后的六百英里,向东流过平坦肥沃、人口密集的华北平原。(按照汉语的固定顺序倒译)Heal the wounded ,rescue the dying ,practice revolutionary humanitarianism。救死扶伤,实行革命的人道主义。(以轻重上区分进行倒译)We have to be quick of eye and deft of hand 。我们必须眼疾手快。(逆时间顺序倒译)英译汉时,由于两种语言的句子结构大不相同而往往需要改变一下句子结构以适应于汉语的表达习惯。采用分句、合句进行翻译的作法正是为了达到这种目的而运用的一种重要技巧。所谓分句,就是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子;所谓合名,就是指把原文的两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。运用这种分句、合句的汉译技巧可以使译文层次分明,更合合乎汉语的表达习惯。分句流译的技巧共分五种类型,合句汉译的技巧共分三种类型。先谈谈分句汉译技巧的五种类型。A man spending twelve days on the moon would find ,on returning to the earth ,that a year had passed by already。一个人如果在月亮上度过了十二天,回到地球以后就会发现一年已经过去了。It goes without saying that oxygen is the most active element in the atmosphere。He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each。Sunrays filtered in wherever they could ,driving out darkness and choking the shadows。阳光射入了它所能透过的地方,赶走了黑暗,驱散了幽影。Mary normally a timid girl ,argued heated with them about it。玛丽平常是个腼腆的姑娘,现在也热烈地和他们辩论起来。英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,在具体英译汉时,有时往往需要转换一下句子成分,才能使译达到逻辑正确、通顺流畅、重点突出等目的。句子成分转译作为翻译的一种技巧,其内容和形式都比较丰富,运用范围也相当广泛,共包括五个方面的内容。1、主语转译技巧,可以将句子的主语转译成汉语中的定语、宾语、状语等。The wings are responsible for keeping the sir plane in the air。To get all the stages off the ground ,a first big push is needed。为了使火箭各级全部离开地面,需要有一个巨大的第一次推力。(转译成宾语)Machinery has made the products of manufactories very much cheaper than formerly。因为机械的缘故,工厂里出的产品比起以前来,价格便宜多了。(转译成状语)Radar works in very much the same way as the flashlight 。雷达的工作原理和手电筒极为相同。Automatic lathes perform basically similar functions but apper in a varitety of forms。Neutron has a mass slightly larger than that of proton。Scientists in that county are now supplied with necessary books ,epuipment andassistant ,that will ensure success in their scientific research。现在已给该县科学家提供了必要的图书、仪器和助手,以保证科研工作的成功。(转译成状语)5、状语转译技巧。状语转译一般指的是状语从句的转译。它可分作把时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句,把地点状语从转译成条件状语从句和把原因状语从句转译成困果偏正复句中的主语等三种形式。These three colors ,red ,green ,and violet ,when combined ,produced white 。红色、绿色和紫色这三种颜色如果合在一起就变成白色。(时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句)Where there is nothing in the path of beam of light ,nothing is seen。如果光束通道上没有东西,就什么也看不到。(地点状语从句转译成条件状语从句)Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion。他深信这件事正确可靠,因此坚持已见。(原因状语从句转译成因果偏正复合句中的主句)小双温馨提示:将这些技巧多运用于实践中会更有效哦。