英国经济（三）

英国经济I. The Evolution of the British Economy since the War  战后英国经济发展II. Measures taken by Mrs. Thatcher's government to improve the economy  撒切尔政府的经济复苏政策III. Reasons for the British coal mining  is  called  a "sick" industry today英国煤矿被称为"生病"工业的原因IV. Britain's oil and natural gas  英国的石油和天然气V. Main problems associated with Britain's iron and steel industry today  如今英国钢铁工业的主要问题VI. Textile Industry  纺织工业VII. New Industries  新兴工业

英国经济之英国的石油和天然气

IV. Britain's oil and natural gas英国的石油和天然气
Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea. Today Britain is not only self-sufficient in oil but also has a surplus for export. The transport and domestic heating systems mostly depend on oil. So does the food supply, because most agriculture is highly mechanized.  Modern farming requires things which are all oil-based.
在1965年及1970年在北海发现天然气和石油。今天英国的石油不仅能自给自足，还有盈余供出口。交通和家庭供热系统主要依靠石油，因为大部分农业的高度机械化，食品供应也靠石油。

英国经济之如今英国钢铁工业的主要问题

V. Main problems associated with Britain's iron and steel industry today
如今英国钢铁工业的主要问题
British iron and steel industry is declining for the following reasons:英国钢铁工业衰退的原因如下：
1. Local supplies of iron ore have become exhausted;当地贮备枯竭；
2. Old fashioned furnaces for making coke cannot recover valuable by-products;生产焦炭的老式炉不能提取有价值的副产品；
3.Blast furnaces, steelworks, and rolling mills are often separated from each other and thus cannot perform as well as more compact operation;
高炉、钢铁厂和轧钢厂经常分开，导致不如更紧凑的企业出效益；

4. Many steelworks have to be closed down, causing major unemployment in an area.
许多钢铁厂倒闭，导致该地区的大批人失业。 

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