英国法律与司法机构(二)

英国法律与司法机构
I.Criminal Proceedings 刑事诉讼程序II. Criminal Courts 刑事法庭III．Civil Courts 民事法庭IV. The Judiciary 司法机构V. Police 警察VI. Treatment of offenders 对违法者的处理

英国法律与司法机构之刑事法庭

 II.  Criminal Courts       刑事法庭
1. Criminal Courts in England and Wales    英格兰和威尔士的刑事法庭

Magistrates' Courts (治安法庭) try summary offences（即决审判罪） and "either way" offences（"任意方式"罪行）. 

治安（警事）法庭，负责审理判决犯罪，也审理"任意方式"罪行。 

A magistrates' court, which is open to the public and the media, usually consists of three unpaid "lay" magistrates-known as justices of the peace who are advised on point of law and procedure by a legally qualified assistant. A Magistrates' court sits without a jury.

治安法庭对公众和媒体公开，通常由三位无薪的"外行"地方官--地方治安官组成，由懂得法律知识的书记员和助手给他们提供法律规定和程序方面的建议。治安法庭审察时没有陪审团。
Youth Court (青少年法庭) try most cases involving people under 18.青少年法庭，负责审理18岁以下青年的大多数案件。

The Crown Court (皇家刑事法庭) tries the most serious offences and 'either way" offences referred to it by magistrates. 

皇家刑事法庭。负责审理最严重的罪行和由地方法官提交的"任意方式"罪行。

The Crown Court is presided over by High Court judges, full-time circuit Judges (巡回审判) and part-time Recorders England and Wales are divided into six circuits for the purpose of hearing criminal case. Each circuit is divided into areas containing one or more centers of High Court and Crown Court.

皇家刑事法庭由高级法院法官，全职巡回法官和兼任刑事法官主持。为审理刑事案，英格兰和威尔士被分为六个巡回区，每个巡回区又分区域，每个区域有一个或多个高级法庭和皇家刑事法庭。
2. Criminal courts inScotland     苏格兰的刑事法庭
There are three criminal courts in Scotland.苏格兰有三种刑事法院：
(1)The High Court of Justiciary; 高级法院；(2) The sheriff court; 郡法院；(3) The district court. 区法院。

Scotland has two types of criminal procedure; know as solemn procedure（庄重诉讼） and summary procedure（即决诉讼）. In solemn procedure, a defendant is tried by a judge sits without a jury.

英格兰有两种刑事诉讼：庄重诉讼和即决诉讼。庄重诉讼里，被告由陪审团和法官审理。在即决诉讼中，法官独自审理，不用陪审团。
3. Criminal courts in Northern  Ireland    北爱尔兰的刑事法庭

Cases involving minor summary offences are heard by magistrates' courts presided over by a full-time legally qualified resident magistrate. County courts are primarily civil law courts. The Crown Court deals with criminal trails on indictment（控告，起诉）.

涉及轻微即决犯罪的案件由治安法庭听审，法庭由全职的法律合格的常驻治安法官主持。郡法庭主要是民事法庭。皇家刑事法庭根据起诉进行刑事审判。 

VocabularyMagistrates' Courts (治安（警事）法庭)Youth Court (青少年法庭)The Crown Court (皇家刑事法庭)summary offences（即决审判罪）"either way" offences（"任意方式"罪行）circuit Judges (巡回审判)solemn procedure（庄重诉讼）summary procedure（即决诉讼）indictment（控告，起诉）
 

本文选自沪江英语

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