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译匠笔记 │ 航空英语笔记之《飞机常用汉译英字典》

2016-07-04 Robin Katy 译匠
飞行器 aerospace vehicle


分为:航空器、航天器、火箭、导弹和制导武器。Aerospace 为航空航天,故aerospace vehicle 翻译成航空航天飞行器,或者宇航飞行器更好。与 flight vehicle 有意义交叉。

 

大气层内飞行的飞行器称为航空器(Aircraft),一般的航空飞机和直升机皆属于此类。


在空间飞行的飞行器称为航天器 (spacecraft),在空间飞行的飞行器称为航天器,如人造地球卫星、载人飞船、空间探测器、航天飞机等。

飞机类型 Aircraft type

干线机 trunk aircraft, trunkliners。一般指乘客座位数量100座级别以上的,用于主要城市之间的主要航线的民航客机。

支线机 regional aircraft, commuter。支线客机通常是指100座以下的小型旅客机,主要用于大城市与中小城市之间的旅客运输。

多用途飞机 all-purpose aircraft


巨型运输机 jumbo aircraft

宽体飞机 wide fuselage aircraft

宽体客机又称宽机身客机,是指具有大直径机身客舱,有两个通道,载客量在300人以上的喷气客机。


公务喷气机 Business jet




战斗轰炸机fighter-bomber

歼击轰炸机也可以叫“战斗轰炸机”或者“战斗攻击机”。主要用于突击敌战役战术纵深内的地面、水面目标,并具有空战能力的飞机。


喷气式轰炸机 jet bomber

简称轰炸机,又称为爆击机。携带武器攻击地面、水面或者是水下目标的军用飞机。


A bomber is a combat aircraft designed to attack ground and sea targets by dropping air-to-ground weaponry, firing torpedoes or deploying air-launched cruise missiles.




反潜机 anti-submarine warfare aircraft

泛指担任搜索,标定和攻击潜艇的军用飞机。常见的反潜机有固定翼飞机或是直升机这两种型态,有从陆地机场操作,也有自水面船舰起降执行任务。


Anti-submarine warfare (ASW, or in older form A/S) is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, or other submarines to find, track and deter, damage or destroy enemy submarines.


侦察机 reconnaissance/scout aircraft

所有担任情报与资料搜集的军用机种,这些情报与资料包括光学与非光学的讯息与搜集手段,侦查的对象包含作战中的敌人部队,交战中的敌对国家内部或者是其他与本国国家利益有关系的其他国家内部的相关情报。


A reconnaissance aircraft is a manned or unmanned military aircraft designed, or adapted, to carry out aerial reconnaissance. Their roles are to collect imagery intelligence, signals intelligence, and Measurement and signature intelligence




无人驾驶飞机 pilotless aircraft, remotely piloted vehicles, UAVs(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles)

利用无线电遥控设备和自备的程序控制装置操纵的不载人飞机。无人机实际上是无人驾驶飞行器的统称。广义上为不需要驾驶员登机驾驶的各式遥控飞行器,一般特指军方的无人侦察飞机。至于无人驾驶作战飞机则是具备类似攻击机的性能。


An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, as an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), or by several other names, is an aircraft without a human pilot aboard. The flight of UAVs may operate with various degrees of autonomy: either under remote control by a human operator, or fully or intermittently autonomously, by onboard computers.




子母机 composite aircraft

大型飞机背负小型飞机的飞行组合,其中母机通常为运输机或加油机,子机为歼击机、强击机或侦察机。


A composite aircraft is made up of multiple component craft. It takes off and flies initially as a single aircraft, with the components able to separate in flight and continue as independent aircraft.[1] Typically the larger aircraft acts as a carrier aircraft or mother ship, with the smaller sometimes called aparasite or jockey craft.


靶机 target drone aircraft, target

靶机(英文:Drone aircraft)在广义上,是作为射击训练目标的一种军用航空器(军机),为利用遥控器或者是预先设定好的飞行路径与模式,于军事演习或者武器射击测试时模拟敌军之飞行器或来袭导弹,为各类型火炮或导弹系统提供假想的目标与射击的机会,属于无人飞机的一种。靶机的来源有三种类型:简单改装的遥控飞机、特殊设计的专门飞行器以及大幅改装的退役军用航空器。


A target drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle, generally remote controlled, usually used in the training of anti-aircraft crews.


遥控飞机 remotely piloted vehicle

遥控飞机是一种以遥控器控制的模型飞机,不是一种玩具。控制方式通常为无线电波,某些遥控系统使用红外线,但极为少见。遥控飞机的动力有马达或是小型引擎。亦有无动力的遥控滑翔机。遥控飞机飞行原理与真飞机完全相同,因此操控十分困难。和无人机是一个类型。遥控飞机即可以远距离控制飞行的飞行器。根据其用途和性能的差异,遥控飞机可分为玩具、航模、民用、军用等几类。


An aircraft without a human pilot aboard. The flight of UAVs may operate with various degrees of autonomy: either under remote control by a human operator, or fully or intermittently autonomously, by onboard computers.


农业机 agricultural aircraft

经过改装或专门设计用于农业和林业的飞机。第二次世界大战以后,剩余的大量轻型飞机被改装为农业飞机。50年代以后出现专门设计的农业飞机。农业飞机使用季节性强,往往兼作他用以提高经济效益,如用来载客或载货,成为一种以农业为主的多用途飞机。


An agricultural aircraft is an aircraft that has been built or converted for agricultural use - usually aerial applicationof pesticides (crop dusting) or fertilizer (aerial topdressing); in these roles they are referred to as "crop dusters" or "top dressers". Agricultural aircraft are also used for hydroseeding.




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