医学干货 | 骨科专业英语术语
本月是译匠的医学翻译月，继昨日血液学专业英语术语学习之后，应译匠（译匠公众号）后台小伙伴要求，继续开展医学和生命科学的干货学习，今天内容是：骨科。
骨科 (orthopedic) 是使用手术和非手术的方法来治疗肌肉骨骼系统创伤、运动损伤、退行性疾病、感染瘤和先天性疾病。
Orthopaedic surgery or orthopaedics (alternatively spelled orthopedic surgery and orthopedics) is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders.
为了深化在血液学领域的学习，本月将精选并发放一些各个门类的专业术语福利，另外也免费开放译匠的专业翻译群组，有微信和QQ群组可选，公众号回复“医学”即可获取加入信息，迎面而来的将是干货十足的“见面礼”。
成人骨头共有206块,分为头颅骨、躯干骨、上肢骨、下肢骨四个部分。以下词汇几乎涵盖所有人体骨骼，当然还有其他一些相关术语。
*fracture n.骨折
pathological fracture 病理骨折
fatigue fracture 疲劳骨折
*open fracture 开放骨折
close fracture 闭合骨折
*comminuted fracture粉碎性骨折
compressed fracture 压缩骨折
shock n.休克
*deformity n.畸形
tenderness n.压痛
swelling n.肿胀
ecchymosis n.瘀斑
obstacle n.功能障碍
*bonefascial compartment syndrome 骨筋膜室综合征
infection n.感染
spinal cord injury 脊髓损伤
surrounding nerve 周围神经
*fat embolism 脂肪栓塞
bedsore n.褥疮
arthroclisis n.关节僵硬
ischemic necrosis 缺血性坏死
ischemic contraction 缺血性挛缩
*traumatic arthritis 创伤性关节炎
hematoma n.血肿
*callus n.骨痂
heal n.愈合
*synovitis n.滑膜炎
*ligament n.韧带
*tendon n.肌腱
* pyogenic osteomyelitis 化脓性骨髓炎
*reduction n.复位
*bone traction 骨牵引
*osteoporosis n.骨质疏松
fracture of upper extremities 上肢骨折
clavicle n.锁骨
*humerus n.肱骨
*rotation n.旋转
supracondyle n.髁上
blister n.水疱
pulsate n.搏动
thrombus n.血栓
*cancellous n.松质骨
*epiphysis n.骨骺
*injury n.损伤
*joint n.关节
stability n.稳定
ulna n.尺骨
radius n.桡骨
metacarpal
bone 掌骨
bone graft 植骨
hemostasis 止血
*periosteum n.骨膜
tension n.张力
adhesion n.粘连
*skin grafting 植皮
*arthrodesis n.关节融合
extrusion n.挤压
gangrene n.坏疽
pallor n.苍白、灰白
*amputation n.截肢
plaster n.石膏
paralysis n.瘫痪
bandage n.绷带
hand trauma 手外伤
avulsion n.撕脱
*dislocation n.脱位
stiff adj.僵硬
fracture of lower extremities and articular injury 下肢骨折与关节损伤
femur n.股骨
adduction n.内收
separate v.分离
cartilage n.软骨
*synovialis n.滑膜
*spinal column 脊柱
fracture of vertebral column and pelvis 脊柱及骨盆骨折
column n.椎体
cervical column 颈椎
*lumber vertebra 腰椎
sacrum n.骶椎
sense n.感觉
movement n.运动
reflect v.反射
*pelvis n.骨盆
articular disclocation 关节脱位
congenital dislocation 先天性脱位
pathological dislocation 病理性脱位
*osteoarthritis n.骨关节炎
*total hip replacement 全髋置换术
chronic strain of movement system 运动系统慢性损伤
strain n.劳损
*cystis n.滑囊
*stenosed tenosynovitis 狭窄性腱鞘炎
*ganglion n.腱鞘囊肿
degenerative adj.退行性变
multiply v.增生
abnormal sense 感觉异常
lumbago and shoulder pains 腰腿痛和颈肩痛
stenosed column 椎管狭窄
osteoarticular purulent infection 骨与关节化脓感染
channel n.窦道
drill hole 钻孔
*drainage n.引流
osteoarticular tuberculosis 骨与关节结核
bone tuberculosis 骨结核
spinal cord compression 脊髓压迫
bone tumor 骨肿瘤
bone tumor 骨肿瘤
*osteochondroma n.骨软骨瘤
*osteosarcoma n.骨肉瘤
chemotherapy n.化疗
*synoviosarcoma n.滑膜肉瘤
human anatomy 人体解剖学
locomotor system 运动系统
axial bones 中轴骨
*bone n.骨
*vertebrae n.椎骨
*cervical vertebrae 颈椎
*thoracic vertebrae 胸椎
lumbar vertebrae 腰椎
*sacrum n.骶骨
coccyx 尾骨
atlas n.寰椎
axis n.枢椎
*sternum n.胸骨
sternal angle 胸骨角
sternal manubrium 胸骨柄
xiphoid process 剑突
*rib n.肋
*thoracic cage 胸廓
skull 颅
*frontal bone 额骨
*parietal bone 顶骨
*occipital bone 枕骨
*temporal bone 颞骨
*sphenoid bone 蝶骨
*ethmoid bone 筛骨
*mandible n.下颌骨
hyoid bone 舌骨
vomer n.犁骨
*maxilla n.上颌骨
palatine bone 腭骨
nasal bone 鼻骨
lacrimal bone 泪骨
inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲
zygomatic bone 颧骨
*coronal suture冠状缝
*sagital suture 矢状缝
*lambdoid suture 人字缝
orbit n.眶
cranial fontanelle 颅囟
tarsal bones and extremital bones 附肢骨
*clavicle n.锁骨
*scapula n.肩胛骨
*humerus n.肱骨
*radius n.桡骨
*ulna n.尺骨
carpal bone 腕骨
metacarpal bone 掌骨
phalanges n.指骨，趾骨
*hip bone 髋骨
*ilium n.髂骨
*ischium n.坐骨
*pubis n.耻骨
*femur n.股骨 patella n.髌骨
*tibia n.胫骨 *fibula n.腓骨
tarsal bone 跗骨
metatarsal bone 跖骨
arthrology 关节学
*articulation n.关节
*ligament n.韧带
*flexion n.屈
*extension n.伸
*adduction n.收
*medial rotation 旋内
*lateral rotation 旋外
pronation n旋前.
supination n.旋后
circumduction n.环转
*vertebral column脊柱
*thoracic cage 胸廓
*intervertebral disc 椎间盘
*temporal-mandibular joint 颞下颌关节
*shoulder joint 肩关节
*elbow joint 肘关节
*radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节
*pelvis n.骨盆
*hip joint 髋关节
*knee joint 膝关节
*ankle joint 踝关节
musculature 肌肉系统
*muscle n.肌肉
muscle belly 肌腹
tendon n.肌腱
aponeurosis n.腱膜
*fascia n.筋膜
*tendinous sheath 腱鞘
trunk muscles 躯干肌
trapezius n.斜方肌
latissimus dorsi 背阔肌
erector spinae 竖脊肌
*sternocleidomastoid adj.胸锁乳突的
*scalenus n.斜角肌
pectoralis major 胸大肌
intercostales n.肋间肌
*diaphragm n.膈（肌）
*inguinal canal 腹股沟管
*sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘
head muscles 头肌
orbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌
masseter n.咬肌
*temporalis n.颞肌
*deltoid n.三角肌 *biceps brachii 肱二头肌
*triceps brachii 肱三头肌
*axillary fossa 腋窝
*gluteus maximus 臀大肌
piriformis n.梨状肌
*sartorius n.缝匠肌
*quadriceps femoris 股四头肌
triceps surae 小腿三头肌
*femoral triangle 股三角
popliteal fossa 腘窝
osteoarticular systerm 骨关节系统
*Codman’striangle 骨膜三角，科德曼三角
H-shaped vertebra,butterfly vertebra 蝴蝶椎
Rugger-Jersay vertebra 夹心椎体
Scheuermann’s disease 绍尔曼病
Schmorl’s nodule 施莫尔结节
Shenton’s line 沈通氏线
apophysis n. 骺状突
*arthrography n.关节造影
basilar impression,basilarinvagination 颅底凹陷
block vertebra 融合椎
bone island 骨岛
bursography n.泪囊造影
compacta n.骨密度
cortical porosity 皮质骨疏松症
craniolacunia,luckenschadel n.颅骨陷窝
*empty sella 空蝶鞍
endosteal proliferation 骨内膜增生
*epiphysis n.骨骺
Intratrabecular resorption 骨小梁内吸收
ivory vertebra 象牙椎
marrow-packing disease 骨髓充填疾病
massive osteolysis 大片骨溶解
melopheostosis n.蜡油骨症
ossification n.骨化
osteopathia striata 纹骨症
*osteopenia n.骨质减少
osteopetrosis n.石骨症
osteopoikilosis n.斑骨症
pars interarticularis 椎弓峡部
periosteal reaction 骨膜反应
physis n.骨生长端
*pseudofracture, Looser zone n.假骨折
spina ventosa 骨气鼓
spongiosa 骨疏松
woven bone 编织骨
*zone of provisional calcification 临时钙化带
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