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医学干货 | 外科专业英语术语

2016-09-22 译匠医学组 译匠

本月是译匠的医学翻译月,继血液学骨科专业英语术语学习之后,应译匠(译匠公众号)后台小伙伴要求,继续开展医学和生命科学的干货学习,今天内容是:外科。


外科是研究外科疾病的发生,发展规律及其临床表现,诊断,预防和治疗的科学,是以手术切除、修补为主要治病手段的专业科室。随着显微外科技术的应用,外科得到了较大的发展。各医院外科的专科设置原则与内科类同,通常与内科相对应。外科疾病分为五大类:创伤,感染,肿瘤,畸形和功能障碍。


Surgery is a technology consisting of a physical intervention on tissues.


As a general rule, a procedure is considered surgical when it involves cutting of a patient's tissues or closure of a previously sustained wound. Other procedures that do not necessarily fall under this rubric, such as angioplasty orendoscopy, may be considered surgery if they involve "common" surgical procedure or settings, such as use of a sterile environment, anesthesia, antiseptic conditions, typical surgical instruments, and suturing or stapling. All forms of surgery are considered invasive procedures; so-called "noninvasive surgery" usually refers to an excision that does not penetrate the structure being excised (e.g. laser ablation of the cornea) or to a radiosurgical procedure (e.g. irradiation of a tumor).


为了深化在生命科学领域的学习,本月将精选并发放一些各个门类的专业术语福利,另外也免费开放译匠的专业翻译群组,有微信和QQ群组可选,公众号回复“医学”即可获取加入信息,迎面而来的将是干货十足的“见面礼”。


外科surgery
生物心理社会模式biopsychosocial model
术前评估preoperative evaluation
超声诊断ultrasonography
血管镜angioscopy
腹腔镜外科laparoscopic surgery
微创外科minimally invasive surgery(MIS)
胆道镜choledochoscopy
腹腔镜laparoscopy
后穹隆镜culdoscopy
腹腔镜胆囊切除术laparoscopic cholecystectomy, LC
消化内镜gastrointestinal endoscopy
止血夹haemoclip
内镜下逆行胰胆管造影endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ERCP
经导管动脉内药物灌注术transcatheter intraarterial infusion, TII
经导管动脉栓塞术transcatheter arterial embolization, TAE
无菌原则aseptic procedures
无菌术aseptic technique
无菌法asepsis
抗菌法antisepsis
等渗性缺水isotonic dehydration
低渗性缺水hypotonic dehydration
高渗性缺水hypertonic dehydration
水中毒water intoxication
低钾血症hypokalemia
高钾血症hyperkalemia
低钙血症hypocalcemia
高钙血症hypercalcemia
镁缺乏magnesium deficiency
镁过多magnesium excess
低磷血症hypophosphatemia
高磷血症hyperphosphatemia
代谢性酸中毒metabolic acidosis
代谢性碱中毒metabolic alkalosis
呼吸性酸中毒respiratory acidosis
呼吸性碱中毒respiratory alkalosis
输血blood transfusion
大量输血massive transfusion
红细胞生成素erythropoietin,EPO
溶血性输血反应hemolytic transfusion reactions
自体输血autologous blood transfusion
回收式自体输血salvaged autotransfusion
预存式自体输血predeposited autotransfusion
稀释式自体输血hemodiluted autotransfusion
血液成分blood components
新鲜冰冻血浆fresh frozen plasma,FFP
血液代用品blood substitute
休克shock
失血性休克hemorrhagic shock
创伤性休克traumatic shock
脓毒性休克septic shock
肠外营养total parenteral nutrition ,TPN
肠内营养total enteral nutrition ,TEN
基础能量消耗basal energy expenditure ,BEE
要素饮食elemental diet
多器官功能衰竭multiple organ failure ,MOF
急性肾衰竭acute renal failure ,ARF
少尿oliguria
无尿anuria
血液净化hemopurification
血液透析hemodialysis
腹膜透析peritoneal dialysis
应激性溃疡stress ulcer
脑水肿cerebral edema
急性肝衰竭acute hepatic failure
误吸aspiration
窒息apnea
吸入性肺炎aspiration pneumonitis
意识consciousness
唤醒arousal
觉醒awareness
药物治疗pharmacological therapy
外伤性癫痫post-traumatic epilepsy
急救复苏aid and resuscitation
心肺复苏cardiopulmonary resuscitation ,CPR
心肺脑复苏cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation ,CPCR
基本生命支持(初期复苏)basic life support ,BLS
后期复苏advanced life support ,ALS
复苏后治疗post-resuscitation treatment ,PRT
脑保护brain protection
脑复苏brain resocitation
脑死亡brain death
植物状态vegetative state
植物人persistent vegetative state (PVS)
疼痛治疗pain management
神经源性疼痛neuropathic pain
心理性疼痛psychogenic pain
中枢性疼痛central pain
末梢性疼痛peripheral pain
单次剂量demand dose
面肌痉挛facial spasm
三叉神经痛trigeminal neuralgia
舌咽神经痛glossopharyngeal neuralgia
低氧血症hypoxemia
恶性高热malignant hyperthermia
低血压hypotension
高血压hypertension
心律失常arrhythmia
心跳骤停cardiac arrest
心室纤颤ventricular fibrillation
抽搐twitching
惊厥convulsions
重症监测治疗病室intensive care unit ,ICU
恢复体位recovery position
中心静脉压central venous pressure ,CVP
扭伤sprain
挫伤contusion
软组织刺伤pricking wound
异物foreign body
浅部切割伤incised wound
敷料更换(换药术)change of dressing
furuncle
carbuncle
急性蜂窝织炎acute cellulitis
新生儿皮下坏疽subcutaneous gangrene of newborn
急性淋巴管炎acute lymphangitis
丹毒erysipelas
脓肿abscess
甲沟炎paronychia
脓性指头炎felon
瘘管fistula cannulas
窦道sinus tract
皮样囊肿dermoid cyst
皮脂腺囊肿sebaceous cyst
表皮样囊肿epidermoid cyst
腱鞘囊肿tendinous cyst
外科感染surgical infection
脓毒症sepsis
脓毒综合征sepsis syndrome
菌血症bacteremia
真菌感染fungal infection
机会感染(条件感染)opportunistic infection
破伤风tetanus
气性坏疽gas gangrene
人类免疫缺陷病毒human immunodeficiency virus,HIV
创伤trauma
清创术debridement
止血hemostasis
包扎bandaging
固定fixation
搬运与后送transport and evacuation
火器伤firearm wound
冲击伤blast injury
核武器伤nuclear weapon injury
烧伤burns
烫伤scalding
创面修复wound repair
瘢痕scar
挛缩contraction
Ⅰ度烧伤first degree burns
Ⅱ度烧伤second degree burns
浅Ⅱ度烧伤Superficial second degree burns
焦痂eschar
轻度烧伤mild degree burns
中度烧伤moderate degree burns
重度烧伤severe degree burns
特重烧伤major burns
吸入性损伤inhalation injury
冷疗cold therapy
暴露exposure
焦痂切开减张术escharotomy
游离皮片移植free skin grafting
皮瓣flap
电烧伤electrical burns
截肢amputation
冷伤cold injury
冻结性冷伤frost cold injury
显微外科microsurgery
断指(肢)再植术replantation of finger(limb)
端端吻合end-to-end anastomosis
端侧吻合end-to-side anastomosis
神经外膜缝合suture of epineurium
整形外科plastic and reconstructive surgery
唇腭裂cleft lip and palate
颅缝早闭症craniosynostosis
面神经瘫痪facial paralysis
小耳畸形microtia
无耳畸形atresia
多指polydactyly
乳房增大mammary hypertrophy
尿道下裂hypospadias
阴道闭锁obliteration of vagina
器官移植organ transplantation
移植物graft
供者donor
受者recipient
排斥反应rejection
免疫抑制剂immunosuppressants
器官切取organ procurement
器官保存organ preservation
肾移植renal transplantation
心脏移植cardiac transplantation
肿瘤tumor
遗传易感性hereditary susceptibility
carcinoma
肉瘤sarcoma
远处转移metastasis
化学疗法chemotherapy
放射疗法radiotherapy
原癌基因proto-oncogene
抑癌基因anti-oncogene
肿瘤特异性抗原tumor-specific antigen,TSA
肿瘤相关抗原tumor-associated antigen,TAA
癌胚抗原carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA
皮肤乳头状瘤skin papilloma
老年性色素疣senile pigmental wart
皮肤癌skin carcinoma
基底细胞癌basal cell carcinoma
鳞状细胞癌squamous cell carcinoma
黑痣pigment nevus
黑色素瘤melanoma
脂肪瘤lipoma
纤维瘤fibroma
带状纤维瘤desmoid fibroma
神经纤维瘤neurofibroma
神经鞘瘤schwannoma
血管瘤hemangioma
颅内压增高intracranial hypertension
颅内压intracranial pressure, ICP
脑脊液cerebrospinal fluid, CSF
计算机辅助断层扫描computed tomography, CT
磁共振成像magnetic resonance imaging, MRI
数字减影血管造影digital subtraction angiography, DSA
脑疝brain herniation
小脑幕切迹疝transtentorial herniation
枕骨大孔疝transforamen magna herniation
颅脑损伤craniocerebral injury
对冲伤contrecoup injury
格拉斯哥昏迷计分Glasgow coma scale
皮下血肿subcutaneous hematoma
帽状腱膜下血肿subgaleal hematoma
头皮裂伤scalp laceration
头皮撕脱伤scalp avulsion
颅骨骨折skull fracture
线形骨折linear fracture
凹陷骨折depressed fracture
颅底骨折skull base fracture
脑震荡cerebral concussion
脑挫裂伤cerebral contusion
脑弥漫性轴索损伤diffuse axonal injury (DAI)
硬脑膜外血肿epidural hematoma
硬脑膜下血肿subdural hematoma
脑内血肿intracerebral hematoma
脑脊液鼻漏cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
耳漏otorrhea
星形细胞肿瘤astrocytic tumors
成胶质细胞瘤gliobastoma
室管膜瘤ependymoma
听神经瘤acoustic neuroma
脑膜瘤meningioma
生殖细胞瘤germ cell tumors
垂体腺瘤pituitary adenoma
颅咽管瘤craniopharyngioma
脊索瘤chordoma
脑转移瘤metastasis tumor of brain
蛛网膜下腔出血subarachnoid hemorrhage, SAH
颅内动脉瘤intracranial aneurysm
震颤麻痹shaking palsy
癫痫epilepsy
外科surgery
生物心理社会模式biopsychosocial model
术前评估preoperative evaluation
超声诊断ultrasonography
血管镜angioscopy
腹腔镜外科laparoscopic surgery
微创外科minimally invasive surgery(MIS)
胆道镜choledochoscopy
腹腔镜laparoscopy
后穹隆镜culdoscopy
腹腔镜胆囊切除术laparoscopic cholecystectomy, LC
消化内镜gastrointestinal endoscopy
止血夹haemoclip
内镜下逆行胰胆管造影endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ERCP
经导管动脉内药物灌注术transcatheter intraarterial infusion, TII
经导管动脉栓塞术transcatheter arterial embolization, TAE
无菌原则aseptic procedures
无菌术aseptic technique
无菌法asepsis
抗菌法antisepsis
等渗性缺水isotonic dehydration
低渗性缺水hypotonic dehydration
高渗性缺水hypertonic dehydration
水中毒water intoxication
低钾血症hypokalemia
高钾血症hyperkalemia
低钙血症hypocalcemia
高钙血症hypercalcemia
镁缺乏magnesium deficiency
镁过多magnesium excess
低磷血症hypophosphatemia
高磷血症hyperphosphatemia
代谢性酸中毒metabolic acidosis
代谢性碱中毒metabolic alkalosis
呼吸性酸中毒respiratory acidosis
呼吸性碱中毒respiratory alkalosis
输血blood transfusion
大量输血massive transfusion
红细胞生成素erythropoietin,EPO
溶血性输血反应hemolytic transfusion reactions
自体输血autologous blood transfusion
回收式自体输血salvaged autotransfusion
预存式自体输血predeposited autotransfusion
稀释式自体输血hemodiluted autotransfusion
血液成分blood components
新鲜冰冻血浆fresh frozen plasma,FFP
血液代用品blood substitute
休克shock
失血性休克hemorrhagic shock
创伤性休克traumatic shock
脓毒性休克septic shock
肠外营养total parenteral nutrition ,TPN
肠内营养total enteral nutrition ,TEN
基础能量消耗basal energy expenditure ,BEE
要素饮食elemental diet
多器官功能衰竭multiple organ failure ,MOF
急性肾衰竭acute renal failure ,ARF
少尿oliguria
无尿anuria
血液净化hemopurification
血液透析hemodialysis
腹膜透析peritoneal dialysis
应激性溃疡stress ulcer
脑水肿cerebral edema
急性肝衰竭acute hepatic failure
误吸aspiration
窒息apnea
吸入性肺炎aspiration pneumonitis
意识consciousness
唤醒arousal
觉醒awareness
药物治疗pharmacological therapy
外伤性癫痫post-traumatic epilepsy
急救复苏aid and resuscitation
心肺复苏cardiopulmonary resuscitation ,CPR
心肺脑复苏cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation ,CPCR
基本生命支持(初期复苏)basic life support ,BLS
后期复苏advanced life support ,ALS
复苏后治疗post-resuscitation treatment ,PRT
脑保护brain protection
脑复苏brain resocitation
脑死亡brain death
植物状态vegetative state
植物人persistent vegetative state (PVS)
疼痛治疗pain management
神经源性疼痛neuropathic pain
心理性疼痛psychogenic pain
中枢性疼痛central pain
末梢性疼痛peripheral pain
单次剂量demand dose
面肌痉挛facial spasm
三叉神经痛trigeminal neuralgia
舌咽神经痛glossopharyngeal neuralgia
低氧血症hypoxemia
恶性高热malignant hyperthermia
低血压hypotension
高血压hypertension
心律失常arrhythmia
心跳骤停cardiac arrest
心室纤颤ventricular fibrillation
抽搐twitching
惊厥convulsions
重症监测治疗病室intensive care unit ,ICU
恢复体位recovery position
中心静脉压central venous pressure ,CVP
扭伤sprain
挫伤contusion
软组织刺伤pricking wound
异物foreign body
浅部切割伤incised wound
敷料更换(换药术)change of dressing
furuncle
carbuncle
急性蜂窝织炎acute cellulitis
新生儿皮下坏疽subcutaneous gangrene of newborn
急性淋巴管炎acute lymphangitis
丹毒erysipelas
脓肿abscess
甲沟炎paronychia
脓性指头炎felon
瘘管fistula cannulas
窦道sinus tract
皮样囊肿dermoid cyst
皮脂腺囊肿sebaceous cyst
表皮样囊肿epidermoid cyst
腱鞘囊肿tendinous cyst
外科感染surgical infection
脓毒症sepsis
脓毒综合征sepsis syndrome
菌血症bacteremia
真菌感染fungal infection
机会感染(条件感染)opportunistic infection
破伤风tetanus
气性坏疽gas gangrene
人类免疫缺陷病毒human immunodeficiency virus ,HIV
创伤trauma
清创术debridement
止血hemostasis
包扎bandaging
固定fixation
搬运与后送transport and evacuation
火器伤firearm wound
冲击伤blast injury
核武器伤nuclear weapon injury
烧伤burns
烫伤scalding
创面修复wound repair
瘢痕scar
挛缩contraction
Ⅰ度烧伤first degree burns
Ⅱ度烧伤second degree burns
浅Ⅱ度烧伤Superficial second degree burns
焦痂eschar
轻度烧伤mild degree burns
中度烧伤moderate degree burns
重度烧伤severe degree burns
特重烧伤major burns
吸入性损伤inhalation injury
冷疗cold therapy
暴露exposure
焦痂切开减张术escharotomy
游离皮片移植free skin grafting
皮瓣flap
电烧伤electrical burns
截肢amputation
冷伤cold injury
冻结性冷伤frost cold injury
显微外科microsurgery
断指(肢)再植术replantation of finger(limb)
端端吻合end-to-end anastomosis
端侧吻合end-to-side anastomosis
神经外膜缝合suture of epineurium
整形外科plastic and reconstructive surgery
唇腭裂cleft lip and palate
颅缝早闭症craniosynostosis
面神经瘫痪facial paralysis
小耳畸形microtia
无耳畸形atresia
多指polydactyly
乳房增大mammary hypertrophy
尿道下裂hypospadias
阴道闭锁obliteration of vagina
器官移植organ transplantation
移植物graft
供者donor
受者recipient
排斥反应rejection
免疫抑制剂immunosuppressants
器官切取organ procurement
器官保存organ preservation
肾移植renal transplantation
心脏移植cardiac transplantation
肿瘤tumor
遗传易感性hereditary susceptibility
carcinoma
肉瘤sarcoma
远处转移metastasis
化学疗法chemotherapy
放射疗法radiotherapy
原癌基因proto-oncogene
抑癌基因anti-oncogene
肿瘤特异性抗原tumor-specific antigen,TSA
肿瘤相关抗原tumor-associated antigen,TAA
癌胚抗原carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA
皮肤乳头状瘤skin papilloma
老年性色素疣senile pigmental wart
皮肤癌skin carcinoma
基底细胞癌basal cell carcinoma
鳞状细胞癌squamous cell carcinoma
黑痣pigment nevus
黑色素瘤melanoma
脂肪瘤lipoma
纤维瘤fibroma
带状纤维瘤desmoid fibroma
神经纤维瘤neurofibroma
神经鞘瘤schwannoma
血管瘤hemangioma
颅内压增高intracranial hypertension
颅内压intracranial pressure, ICP
脑脊液cerebrospinal fluid, CSF
计算机辅助断层扫描computed tomography, CT
磁共振成像magnetic resonance imaging, MRI
数字减影血管造影digital subtraction angiography, DSA
脑疝brain herniation
小脑幕切迹疝transtentorial herniation
枕骨大孔疝transforamen magna herniation
颅脑损伤craniocerebral injury
对冲伤contrecoup injury
格拉斯哥昏迷计分Glasgow coma scale
皮下血肿subcutaneous hematoma
帽状腱膜下血肿subgaleal hematoma
头皮裂伤scalp laceration
头皮撕脱伤scalp avulsion
颅骨骨折skull fracture
线形骨折linear fracture
凹陷骨折depressed fracture
颅底骨折skull base fracture
脑震荡cerebral concussion
脑挫裂伤cerebral contusion
脑弥漫性轴索损伤diffuse axonal injury (DAI)
硬脑膜外血肿epidural hematoma
硬脑膜下血肿subdural hematoma
脑内血肿intracerebral hematoma
脑脊液鼻漏cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
耳漏otorrhea
星形细胞肿瘤astrocytic tumors
成胶质细胞瘤gliobastoma
室管膜瘤ependymoma
听神经瘤acoustic neuroma
脑膜瘤meningioma
生殖细胞瘤germ cell tumors
垂体腺瘤pituitary adenoma
颅咽管瘤craniopharyngioma
脊索瘤chordoma
脑转移瘤metastasis tumor of brain
蛛网膜下腔出血subarachnoid hemorrhage, SAH
颅内动脉瘤intracranial aneurysm
震颤麻痹shaking palsy
癫痫epilepsy
单纯性甲状腺肿simple goiter
结节性甲状腺肿nodular goiter
甲状腺功能亢进hyperthyroidism
高功能腺瘤hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma
甲状旁腺功能减退hypoparathyroidism
甲状腺危象thyroid crisis
甲状腺腺瘤thyroid adenoma
单纯性甲状腺肿simple goiter
结节性甲状腺肿nodular goiter
甲状腺功能亢进hyperthyroidism
高功能腺瘤hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma
甲状旁腺功能减退hypoparathyroidism
甲状腺危象thyroid crisis
甲状腺腺瘤thyroid adenoma



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