医学干货 | 中药翻译规则汇总
整理:@译匠生命科学翻译组
微博:@译匠翻译;公众号:译匠
1, 当为中国人名时,采用姓名的汉语拼音姓+名的形式,中间留一空格,姓和名的首个字母大写。如“王立” 翻译为 Wang Li,如果名字中有多音字的如“雷朝龙”翻译为 “Lei Chaolong” 或“Lei Zhaolong”均可。但姓名中有多音字的,则按照常识修改,例如 “单唯一”翻译为“Shan Weiyi”。
2, 当申请人为外国个人时,通过网上搜索、同族专利等途径确定英文名称,在名称后用括号注明国别。如“吉原将纯”翻译为“MASAJUNE YOSHIHARA (JP)”。
3, 地址翻译
地址按照由小到大的顺序,如“X国X省X市X区X路X号”翻译为“X号,X路,X区,X市,X省,X国”。
X信箱 X Mailbox
X室 Room X
X号 No. X
注意:No.和数字之间注意有空格
X单元 Unit X
X号楼 Building No. X
X街 X Street
例:和平东街 Hepingdong Street
X路 X Road
例:中华西路 Zhonghuaxi Road 金水中路Jinshuizhong Road
X村 X Village
X区 X District
X县 X County
X镇 X Town
X市 X City
X省 X Province
另外,地址中含有的某些不确定位置词,如50米处,某某大厦附近,大院内(外),高速公路100米等, 均不需翻译。
类型1:一种治疗……制剂(中药、组合物)
例1: 一种治疗神经末稍病、雷诺病、雷诺征的口服制剂
翻译为:A kind of oral preparation for the treatment of nerve ending disease, Raynaud disease, and Raynaud'ssydrome
或者:A kind of oral preparation for treating nerve ending disease, Raynaud disease, and Raynaud's syndrome
类型2:一种具有……药物组合物(制剂)
例2:一种具有抗氧化、抗辐射、抗衰老的中药组合物
翻译为:A Chinese composition with antioxidant, radio protective, and antiaging effects
或者:A Chinese composition having antioxidant, radio protective, and antiaging effects
类型3:用于……(预防或治疗疾病)的药物组合物
例3:用于促进骨生长及维持骨健康的组合物
翻译为:A Chinese medicinecomposition (which can be) used for promoting osteogenesis and maintaining bonehealthy
类型4:一种用于……(预防或治疗疾病)的药物组合物和制备方法
例4:一种用于预防和治疗结核病的组合物和制备方法
翻译为:A kind ofcomposition used for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis and itspreparation method
注意:防治 翻译为 for the prevention and treatment of
类型5:一种……的制备方法
例5:一种珍珠丸的制备方法
翻译为:A preparation methodof Margarita balls
注意: 如果 TI中没有 “一种”,则在翻译时可不必把‘A’翻出。
类型6:由…制备的组合物
例6:由板蓝根和益母草提取物制备的药物组合物,用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛
翻译为:The pharmaceuticalcomposition preparedwith Radix Isatidis and Herba Leonuri extract (which can be)usedfor the treatment of coronaryatherosclerotic heart disease and angina pectoris
当TI强调为……新组合物、新制备方法、新剂型和新用途时,在翻译时我们要把“新”强调出来
类型7:一种新的中药组合物,用于(预防和治疗疾病)
例7:一种新的中药组合物,用于治疗支气管呼吸困难
翻译为:A new Chinese medicine composition (which can be) used for the treatment of bronchusdyspnea
类型8:…的新剂型
例8A:一种已知中药组合物的软胶囊剂及其制备,用于治疗感冒咳嗽
翻译为:Soft capsule of a known Chinese medicine compositions and its preparation method, which can be used for thetreatment of cough caused by the common cold
例8B:一种已知中药组合物的新的制备方法和新的剂型,用于治疗肾虚腰痛、尿后余沥等
翻译为:The New preparation method and dosage form of the a known Chinese medicinal medicinecomposition, whichcan be used for the treatment of lumbago due to renal deficiency,and dribble of urine
类型9:……(药物)用于……(预防或治疗疾病)的新用途
例9:中药水菖蒲用于治疗中耳炎的新用途
翻译为:the new useof Rhizoma Acori Calami used for treating(the treatment of)otitis media
注:“中药”后面跟跟着具体的中药名称时,“中药”一词可不译
类型10::一种制备(或提取)……(药物或制剂)的新工艺
例10:一种枸杞子制剂加工新工艺
翻译为:A newcraft for preparing Fructus Lycii preparation
另:修饰语过长时,使用非限制性定语从句。
例1:山海棠的滴丸剂及其制备方法,用于治疗风湿性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、慢性关节炎等疾病
翻译为:Drop pill of theHerba Begoniae Yunnanensis and its preparation method, which can be used for the treatment ofrheumatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic arthritis
AB主要分四部分:
第一部分通常为一句话或一个短语,用以点明主题,翻译时尽量套用统一格式翻译。常见的句式如下:
1、一种新的中药组合物……
译为:A new Chinesemedicine composition.
2、一种……(药物)的新用途……
译为:A new use of …….
3、一种……(药物)的(新)制备(或提取)方法
译为: (A new) Newpreparation (or extraction) method of……
4、一种……(药物)的胶囊剂(或其他剂型)及其制备
译为:The Capsule (or otherdosage forms) of …… and its preparation method.
第二部分为中药的制备方法或组方的组成。常见的句式如下:
1、通过…(各道工序)制备而成,这种情况不常见
译为:Said product isprepared by … (v-ing)
例:它由川芎超临界萃取物、酸性乙醇提取物与冰片共同包合得到的环糊精包合物,与药用辅料混合,制备而成。
译为:Saidproduct is prepared by enclosing supercriticalextract of Rhizoma Chuanxiong, acid ethanol extract, and Borneolum Syntheticum to get thecyclodextrin inclusion compound, and mix with pharmaceutical adjuvant.
2、直接陈述工艺流程,例如提取,冻干,过滤,蒸发,烘干,烤焙。(较为常见)
翻译时使用祈使句形式,即动词原形,形成并列结构,最后一道工序前用and连接,这是最常见的一种情况。
例1:将穿山龙、淫羊藿、狗脊、川牛膝、熟地黄、枸杞子六味药分别净选,除去杂质,检验合格备用;取部分穿山龙粉碎成细粉,剩余穿山龙粉碎成粗粉,用50-95%乙醇提取,提取液回收乙醇,备用;其余淫羊藿等五味加水煎煮2-4次,合并煎液,滤过,滤液与醇提液合并,浓缩成稠膏/浓缩干燥制成干膏粉备用;稠膏/干膏粉、穿山龙细粉及辅料适量混匀,制丸,干燥,即得。
译为:Clean Dioscoreanipponica Mak. Ningpo Yam Rhizome, Herba Epimedii, Rhizoma Cibotii, RadixCyathulae, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, and Fructus Lycii separately, removeimpurity, checkto select the qualified for subsequent use; pulverize part of Dioscoreanipponica Mak. Ningpo Yam Rhizome to fine powder, pulverize the surplus to coarsepowder, extractwith 50-95% ethanol, remove ethanol for subsequent use; decoctthe other five medicines with water for 2-4 times, mix decoction, filter, mix filtrate with ethanol extractivesolution, concentrateto thick paste /concentrate and dry to make drying powder for subsequent use; mixabove thick paste /drying powder, fine powder of Dioscorea nipponica Mak.Ningpo Yam Rhizome,and right adjuvant, makepill, and dry toget final product.
例2:将党参、沙参、归头(当归)、大枣和枸杞(枸杞子)混合,烘干,研磨,加入调味料,加入淀粉制粒成形,灭菌装袋。
译为:Mix Radix Codonopsis,Radix Adenophorae, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Fructus Jujubae, and FructusLycii, oven dry,grind,addflavouring agent, add starch, granulate, sterilize, and pack to get final product.
例3:将桂枝、桃仁和莪术提取挥发油,收集油层,将残渣和葛根、茯苓、赤芍、牡丹皮用乙醇提取,将提取液减压浓缩,真空干燥,粉碎,将两类提取物混合,加入辅料,制成胶囊、包衣片剂和颗粒剂等。
译为:Extract volatile oilfrom Ramulus Cinnamomi, Semen Persicae, and Rhizoma Curcumae, collectoil layer, extractresidue, Radix Puerariae, Poria, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, and Cortex Moutan withethanol, concentrateunder reduced pressure, vacuum dry, pulverize, mix two kinds of extract, add adjuvant, and makecapsule, coated tablet, and granule.
例4:将红参粉碎成细粉,用乙醇回流提取,冷藏、滤过,滤液浓缩至稠膏,加入注射用水,搅匀,冷藏,滤过,得红参提取液
译为:Pulverize RadixGinseng Rubra to fine powder, reflux with ethanol to extract, refrigerate,filter,concentratethe filtrate to get thick paste, add water for injection, stir, refrigerate, and filter to get RadixGinseng Rubra extractive solution
常用的动词:
煎煮 decoct
除去(除掉、清除)remove
净选(清洗、洗净)clean
粉碎 pulverize
回流 reflux
提取 extract
滤过(过滤)filter
冷藏 refrigerate
加入(添加)add
搅匀(搅拌)stir
收集 collect
浓缩 concentrate
真空干燥 vacuum dry
烘干 oven dry
混合 mix ……(with)
检验 check
研磨(研碎)grind
回收 reclaim
合并 mix 或merge
制粒 granulate
灭菌 (消毒) sterilize
装袋 pack
3、该组合物由……组成,包含……(此种情况也较常见)
译为:Said composition(/product) is composed of/ made up of…
Saidcomposition (/product) contains…
例1:由防已、生石膏(石膏)、桂枝、人参、茯苓、泽泻、麻黄、苍术、厚朴、紫苏(紫苏叶)、甘草、芒硝、黄柏等药物或其水浸出液组成。
译为:Said composition is made up of RadixStephaniae Tetrandrae, Gypsum Fibrosum, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Radix Ginseng,Poria, Rhizoma Alismatis, Herba Ephedrae, Rhizoma Atractylodis, CortexMagnoliae Officinalis, Folium Perillae, Radix Glycytthizae, Natrii Sulfas, andCortex Phellodendri or their water leachate.
例2:由知母、甘草、当归、元芩(黄芩)、陈皮、麦冬、地骨皮、百合、石膏、柴胡、半夏组成。
译为:Said composition is made up ofRhizoma Anemarrhenae, Radix Glycytthizae, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, RadixScutellariae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Radix Ophiopogonis, Cortex Lycii,Bulbus Lilii, Gypsum Fibrosum, Radix Bupleuri, and Rhizoma Pinelliae.
例3:所述的中药垫内装有中药葛根、当归、川芎、丹参、红花、赤芍、桃仁、莪术、五加皮、威灵仙、防风、荆芥、桑寄生、天麻、桂枝、淫羊藿、狗脊。
译为:The said Chinesemedicine pad containsChinesemedicines including Radix Puerariae, Radix AngelicaeSinensis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Flos Carthami, RadixPaeoniae Rubra, Semen Persicae, Rhizoma Curcumae, Cortex AcanthopanacisRadicis, Radix Clematidis, Radix Saposhnikoviae, Herba Schizonepetae, HerbaTaxilli, Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Herba Epimedii, andRhizoma Cibotii.
第三部分为中药的疗效。
句式:该药物具有……(药理作用,如清热、镇痛等)的作用。
译为:It has …effects.
或 It has effects of
注意:
1、effects前面应为形容词或动名词后置的形式,注意中医疗效的四字词语,翻译时要兼顾四字词语所表达出的医学意义,不能完全按字面翻译,尽量做到有据可查,对于那些晦涩难懂,无据可查的词语可不翻。如固筋固表、调配湿热等。
2、antitussive(止咳的)、expectorant(化痰的)、repercussive(消肿的)、analgesic(止痛的)、antiinflammatory(抗炎的)、antibacterial(抗菌的)、antifungal(抗真菌的)、antiviral(抗病毒的)适用于It has effects.句式,如,It has antitussive, expectorant, repercussive, analgesic,antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects. 不适用于It has effects of句式。
3、cough relieving(止咳的)、phlegm dissipating(化痰的)、swelling eliminating(消肿的)、pain relieving(止痛的)、inflammation eliminating(抗炎的)、bacterium resisting(抗菌的)、fungus resisting(抗真菌的)、virus resisting(抗病毒的)两种都适用。
具体翻译为:
It has cough relieving, phlegm dissipating, swellingeliminating, pain relieving, inflammation eliminating, bacterium resisting,fungus resisting, and virus resisting effects.
或
It has effects of relieving cough, dissipating phlegm, eliminatingswelling, relieving pain, eliminating inflammation, resisting bacterium,resisting fungus,and resisting virus.
还可用于It is used for句式,It is used for relieving cough, dissipating phlegm, eliminating swelling, relieving pain,eliminating inflammation, resisting bacterium, resisting fungus, and resistingvirus.
例1:该组合物具有清热利湿、活血通络、消炎止痛的作用。
译为:The said composition has heat clearing away and dampness removing,blood circulation promoting and meridians regulating, anti-inflammatory, andanalgesic effects.
例2:该组合物具有补益肝肾、活血通经、润肠通便、破血消积的作用。
译为:The said composition has the liver and kidney tonifying, bloodcirculation promoting and meridians dredging, intestine moistening andconstipation relieving, blood stasis removing and stagnated food eliminating effects.
第四部分为中药的用途.
句式:该药物(或组合物)可用于治疗……(疾病)。
译为:It can be used for the (prevention and) treatment of …(疾病名称)
注意:of后面使用名词形式.
例1:用于治疗风湿性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、肩周炎。
译为:Saidproduct can be used for the treatment of rheumaticarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and scapulohumeral periarthritis.
例2:用于治疗痛经、寒湿凝滞所致的经前或经行小腹冷痛,症兼月经退后、量少、色黯多块、畏寒、手足欠温、甚则冷汗淋漓、恶心呕吐等。
译为:It canbe used for the treatment of menorrhalgia, cold inlower abdomen before or during menstruation due to coagulated cold wetness,retarded menstruation, hypomenorrhoea, chilly, cold hand and foot, dripping wetof cold sweat, nausea, and emesis.
第五部分为优点:
句式:该制剂(或制备方法)具有……的优点
译为:Said preparation (/preparation method) has advantages of……
例:该制剂具有药物稳定性高,生物利用度高,粘度低,药物容易扩散等优点。
译为:Said preparation has advantages of high pharmaceutical stabilization, high bioavailability, low viscosity, and easy spreading.
另:文摘中某些短语或句子对主题内容没有实质意义,如“按比例”,“经检验合格备用”,“经试验证明”,“按常规方法”,“价格便宜”,“经过”等,可略去不翻。
AB项的标准格式实例:
A new Chinese medicine composition. Extract Radix Ginseng Rubra, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, and Poriawith water, filter,and concentrate. Said product has advantages of high bioavailability, fast release, and low cost. It has heat clearing away, bloodstasis dispelling, and QI invigorating effects. It can be used for the treatment of dermatosis,decubital ulcer and scald.
1万单位 10 thousand IU
份 parts (省略不翻)
余量 fill up
斤换算成克 1斤=500克
钱换算成克 1钱=5克
其中:1斤=500g,1两=50g,1钱=5g,1分=0.5g,1厘=0.05g
片 tablets
根(条) piece
重量份 parts in weight
适量quantum satis
例如:
蜈蚣1条 Scolopendra 1 piece 蜈蚣2条 Scolopendra 2 pieces
鱼腥草2根 Herba Houttuyniae 2 pieces
维生素,如vitamin A/C/D等,后面一般会有两个空格,要注意修改
vinegar bakeRhizoma Coptidis要改为Rhizoma Coptidis (baked with vinegar)
%要改为%
中药的拉丁药材名组成一般为“药用部位+属名”,如白术 ,拉丁药物名:Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
其中,Rhizoma指示了其常用药用部位为根茎,对于这类常用中药材,其拉丁名中已经将药用部位包括在内,但有时用到的药物为”白术叶”,为了有利于检索,也符合国际植物化学类文章的撰写惯例,翻译方法为保持原拉丁药名不变,用英文部位词+of+拉丁药名的格式表示,即白术叶:译为leaf of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae。
对于直接用拉丁植物名表示的中药材名的翻译方法相同,
如熏衣草:译为Lavandula angustifolia。
熏衣草花:译为flower of Lavandula angustifolia。
以此类推,以下表格为不同用药部位对应的英文词
茎 stem
藤 vine
树皮 bark
根皮 root bark
花 flower
叶 leaf
果实 fruit
全草 herb
根 root
根茎 rhizome
种子 seed
注意:当出现部位名后跟同位中药名称时,只将部位名提前,改成 部位名+属名, 同位中药名称放后
例: Ziziphus jujube Mill. Var. spinosa (Bunge) Huex H. F. Chou种子皂甙
译:seed of Ziziphus jujube Mill. Var. spinosa (Bunge) Huex H. F. Chou saponin
注意:炮制信息在TI项中不做翻译,只翻译其原药材名。
举例:炒枳实在IT项翻译为Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
“煮制没药”在IT项翻译为Myrrha
炮制信息由翻译人员在文摘中进行翻译,翻译方法如下:
(1) 煅:calcined
举例:煅赭石翻译为Haematitum (calcined)
(2)炒:parched
举例:炒枳实翻译为Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (parched)
土炒白术翻译为Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (parched with earth)
(3)蒸:steamed
举例:蒸苦参翻译为Radix Sophorae Flavescentis (steamed)
(4)煮:decocted
举例:煮制没药翻译为Myrrha (decocted)
(5)煨:roasted
举例:煨没药翻译为Myrrha (roasted)
(6)制(或者炙):processed
举例:制乳香或炙乳香翻译为Olibanum (processed)
蜜炙麻黄翻译为Herba Ephedrae (processed with honey)
醋制没药翻译为Myrrha (processed with vinegar)
酒黄芩翻译为Radix Scutellariae (processed with wine)
盐知母翻译为Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (processed with salt)
(7)熏:smoked
(8)淬:tempered
(9)漂:rinsed
(10)水飞:refined powder with water
(11)煨:roasted
(12)烊化:melted by heat
(13)修:pruned
(14)润:moist
(15)烘:baked
(16)炮制:processed
(17)炒焦:parched to brown
举例:焦山楂翻译为Fructus Crataegi (parched to brown)
(18)炒炭:parched to black或charcoal
举例:山楂炭翻译为Fructus Crataegi (parched to black)
举例:三线闭壳龟炭翻译为Cuora shell charcoal
(19)炒黄:parched to yellow
对于药典上有正式名的炮制药品,词表采用其药典正式名,翻译TI项关键词和文摘时都依照该翻译,如下:
炮姜:Rhizoma Zingiberis Preparatum
制川乌:Radix Aconiti Preparata
炙甘草:Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata
煅石膏:Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum
法半夏:Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparatum
熟地黄:Radix Rehmanniae Preparata
炙红芪:Radix Hedysari Preparata
制何首乌:Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata
制草乌:Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii Preparata
焦栀子:Fructus Gardeniae Preparatus
炙黄芪:Radix Astragali Preparata
焦槟榔:Semen Arecae Preparata
含有食品类名词的组方绝大多数发挥的是保健食品的作用,因此食品类名词按英文翻译更为合适,即鸡蛋译为egg,牛肉译为beef。如:
鸡蛋:egg
鸭蛋:duck egg
土豆:potato
大米:rice
白糖:white sugar
红糖:brown sugar
鸡肉:chicken
猪肉:pork
油的翻译有药典正式名的以药典的拉丁名为准,如:
桉油:Oleum Eucalypti
八角茴香油:Oleum Anisi Stellati
蓖麻油:Oleum Ricini
茶油:Oleum Camelliae
丁香罗勒油:Oleum Ocimi Gratissimi
哈蟆油:Oviductus Ranae
麻油:Oleum Sesami
满山红油:Oleum Rhododendri Daurici
牡荆油:Oleum Viticis Negundo
肉桂油:Oleum Cinnamomi
松节油:Oleum Terebinthinae
除这十一种油之外,其他油翻译成:
1、***oil
举例:蛋黄油翻译为yolk oil
青蒿油翻译为Herba Artemisiae Annuae oil
注意此处药名用拉丁文。
2、动物油翻译为***fat
举例:猫油翻译为cat fat
3、或其约定俗成之名
无论商品名出现在何处(可以是题目、文摘、TI、EFF 和方剂信息),翻译时都以大写的汉语拼音表示,按中文拼写习惯用空格隔开,如:
六味地黄丸译为LIUWEI DIHUANG WAN
妇炎康颗粒译为FUYANKANG KELI
龟苓膏译为GUILING GAO
注意:
1, 维生素、氢氧化钠等化合物,在文摘中不需大写,机器会翻成大写,要改.
2, 对于“等”字的翻译,无论是TI或是AB,都采用such as……, and的形式
例如:
治疗心血管疾病,如冠心病、心绞痛、病毒性心肌炎等。
used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, and viral myocarditis.
一种新的中药组合物及其制备方法,用于治疗筋痹,如肢体疼痛、麻木、酸胀等
A new Chinese medicine composition and its preparation method, which can be used for the treatment of tendinous pain, suchas limbs pain, numbness, and acid distension
1,TI 项
① 一种……的制备方法 翻译为 A preparation method of 不用其他的形式。
一种已知中药组合物及其制备(方法)翻译为 A known Chinesemedicine composition and its preparation method/preparation method thereof (注:its不能丢)
② 一种……,加上a或是a kindof另外:一种新的中药组合物。此处 新的 (new) 也一定要翻译出来 A/A kind of new Chinese medicine composition
2,AB项
① 一种新中药组合物及其制备方法,它是由紫花地丁、蒲公英、大青叶、枸杞子、白花蛇草(白花蛇舌草)组成;句中 虽然是“,”,但翻译成英文是也要用“.”分开写成 AChinese medicine composition and its preparation method. It is made up of Herba Violae,Herba Taraxaci, Folium Isatidis, Fructus Lycii and Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae.
② Thesaid…请修改成The或者Said/described,两者只要其一均可
③ 具有……疗效用 with /have(has)+名词+动名词+ effects或者have(has) effects of +动名词+名词
④ 可用于防止/治疗……疾病 不用with the preventionof这种形式,一律用 for the prevention(treatment/adjuvant treatment)of
当AB中动词不好区分单复数时,可以用can处理 例如Said method can prolong
⑤ oralliquid, capsule,tablet, powder这些词习惯上涌make;而get多用于to getfinal product句型。
⑥ 注意四字的中医疗效,如 消食健胃要翻译为digestant and the stomach invigorating,是疗效是前后两种格式组成的,要用and连接,例如 清热解毒 要翻译为 heat clearing away andtoxic materials removing
⑦ 在翻译中药优点时,可以利用Said preparation/preparation method has advantage(s) of……或是 把每个翻译为 小句子,中间用 “;” 隔开”(当主语不好界定时)
例如,该制剂具有药物稳定性高,生物利用度高,粘度低,药物容易扩散等优点。可以翻译 Said preparationhas advantages of high pharmaceutical stabilization, high bioavailability, lowviscosity, and easy spreading. 或是 Pharmaceutical stabilizationof said preparation is high; bioavailability is high; viscosity is low; and spreadingis easy.
另外如果其主语不好界定,可以直接用it is 或是it canbe 例如 it is (can be) easy to make andadminister.
⑧ 以下是一些常用中药表达,在翻译时可以参考
中文 | 英文 |
心烦 | restlessness |
燥 | dryness |
热 | heat |
燥热 | dryness-heat |
心烦舌燥 | restlessness and dry tongue |
干咳 | dry cough |
痰 | phlegm |
干咳少痰 | dry cough and small amount of phlegm |
火 | fire |
痰火扰心 | Phlegm-fire disturbing heart |
阴 | YIN |
虚 | deficiency |
阴虚 | YIN deficiency |
阴虚肺燥 | YIN deficiency and lung dryness |
阳 | YANG |
阴阳失调 | YIN-YANG disharmony |
利水 | promoting diuresis |
利水渗湿 | promoting diuresis and removing dampness |
利水消肿 | promoting diuresis and alleviating edema |
利水消痰 | promoting diuresis and alleviating phlegm |
养 | nourishing |
养血安神 | nourishing blood and tranquillizing the mind |
活血 | activating blood |
养血活血 | nourishing blood and activating blood |
止咳化痰 | relieving cough and reducing sputum |
止咳平喘 | relieving cough and asthma |
润 | moistening |
润燥 | moistening dryness |
补 | reinforcing |
补脾益肺 | Reinforcing the spleen and nourishing the lung |
补气 | Reinforcing QI |
手足心热 | feverish palms and soles |
清热 | clearing heat(removing heat) |
清热解毒 | heat-clearing and detoxicating |
舒筋活络 | relaxing and activating the tendons |
虚劳久咳 | asthenia and chronic cough |
去风湿(祛风湿) | dispelling rheumatism |
寒 | cold |
湿 | dampness |
风 | wind |
风邪 | pathogenic wind |
肝 | liver |
火 | fire |
肝火 | liver- fire |
喘 | asthma |
里 | interior |
里热 | interior heat |
理 | regulating |
理气 | regulating qi |
津 | body fluid |
生津 | body fluid regenerating |
实 | sthenic |
实热 | sthenic heat |
汗 | sweat |
盗汗 | night sweating |
淋 | stranguria |
痹 | arthralgia |
痹症 | arthromyodynia |
去腐生肌 | removing necrotic tissue and promoting granulation |
疏风 | expelling wind |
消肿 | relieving swelling |
跌打损伤 | traumatic injury |
喉蛾 | tonsillitis |
肾精不足 | kidney essence deficiency |
补元气 | invigorating premordial energy |
瘀 | blood stasis |
瘀阻肿胀 | swelling due to blood stasis |
肺痈(肺脓肿) | pulmonary abscess |
胸满 | fullness in the chest |
胸满肋痛 | fullness in the chest and costalgia |
侵、犯 | attacking |
肝火犯肺 | liver-fire attacking lung |
当疾病不好翻译时,也可以不拘泥其中的字原词的每一个字,
例如:虚劳久咳 可翻译为 虚弱久咳(asthenia and chronic cough)
风虫牙痛 可翻译为 牙痛(toothache)
跌打撞伤 可翻译为 跌打损伤(traumatic injury)
另外,对于涉及过于深奥和偏僻难以准确翻译的中医理论,例如,营卫不和、气血两燔、少阳经病症、太阳病等,可不翻译,但要标注出来,汇集以后一块做后期处理。
3,PA项
当PA项为单位时,可通过网络查找其官方网站的英文译名
例如 内蒙古伊利集团公司 可翻译为:Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd.
4,ADDR项
① 以下是地址项中可以省略不翻译的
某些不确定位置词,……50米处,某某大厦附近,大院内(外),高速公路100米等,
某某路西(东,西,南,北),直接翻译成 某某路
成乐园小区四期 中 四期及相似的词不翻译
② 表示路段的词需要翻译,北一段(North No. 1Section), 21段 (section 21),中段(Middle Section),西段(west section 或section west) 相关的按照可以照此形式翻译
北大街 南大街 直接拼音 NandajieBeidajie
③ “某某人转”翻译为 “某某人 Transfer”
北京市海淀区中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院赵冰转
Zhaobing Transfer,Agricultural and Biotechnology College,ChinaAgricultural University, Haidian District,Beijing City, P.R.China
七家镇名佳花园一区 翻译为 Zone 1, Mingjia Huayuan
火车站北 翻译为 Northern Part ofRailway Station
泰兴综合楼 翻译为 Taixing Complex Building
家属院 翻译为 Family Yard 或 Family Dependence Yard
二环路 Erhuan Road 三环北路 SanhuanbeiRoad
杨静公路 Yangjing Highway 八达岭高速 Badaling Expressway
5, 中药的选取
中药的翻译在查的优先级是拉丁药名→拉丁植物名→英文名→拼音
拉丁药名 Radix berchemiae kulingensis,Radix Astragali或是Semen Astragali Complanati
拉丁植物名 Astragalus melilotoides Pall., Hedysarumpolybotrys Hand.-Mazz., Astragalus complanatus R.Br. 或是Astragalus chinensis L.
英文名 Kuling Supplejack, Sikkim Sweetvetch
拼音 XIJINYANHUANGQI
中药的选用:
(1) 藏红花(西红花) 双花(金银花) 土槿皮(土荆皮) 根据括号中的正名进行翻译,括号不要。
土槿皮(土荆皮) 翻译为 CortexPseudolaricis
在加词表时候加英文用正名, 例如元肉(龙眼肉)只用龙眼肉的拉丁解释。
(2) 括号中有拉丁正名的,一律保留,、
天浆子(雀瓮,Cnidocampa flavescens Walker) 翻译为Monema flavescens Walker (Cnidocampa flavescens Walker)
(3) 括号中带 又名、又叫、别名、别称等一律不翻译
小果蔷薇叶鲜叶(Rosa cymosa Tratt,小金樱,又名山木香、鱼杆子、白花七叶树、七姊妹等)翻译为 fresh leaf of Radix Rosae Cymosae (Rosa cymosaTratt)
芙蓉花(木芙蓉花,别名叫拒霜花,Hibiscus mutabilis,Cotton rose) 翻译为 drying Flos Hibisci Mutabilis (Hibiscus mutabilis, Cotton rose)
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