英文自修76：传统领袖需重建领导力

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译者：默谦

审读：武太白

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Thought for the Day - 12/05/2014 - Abdal Hakim Murad

The capture of more than two hundred schoolgirls by the Nigerian militant group Boko Haram continues to horrify the world. Western politicians, including our own prime minister, have hastened to identify themselves with the campaign to free the girls. The local Nigerian governor says that he may know their whereabout, but the hunt goes on.

尼日利亚武装集团博科圣地抓捕了两百多名女学生，这一行为让全世界陷入恐慌。西方国家政要，包括我国首相都忙不迭地站到营救行动一边。当地的尼日利亚总督说他或许知道女孩们的下落，可是搜寻行动仍在继续。

Some in the West are shaking their heads in an effectively racist way, as though to say that in darkest Africa such gruesome things are no surprise. After all, Uganda has been tormented for years by the Lord’s Resistance Army, which also uses child soldiers, and abducts girls as concubines. But this stereotype collapses easily. On my desk I have the new European Union report on human trafficking. Under its title Slavery of our Times, it reads: ‘Hundreds of thousands of victims trafficked across the EU each year.’

一些实际上有种族主义倾向的西方人并不赞同，好像在说这些可怕的事情发生在最黑暗的非洲根本不足为奇。毕竟，乌干达数年来饱受反政府组织“圣灵抵抗军”的摧残，这个组织也征用童子兵，绑架少女充入“后宫”。但这种陈旧观点不堪一击。我的书桌上有一份欧盟关于贩卖人口的新报告。在“当今时代的奴隶制”标题下面写着一句话：“欧洲每年有数十万受害者遭到贩卖。”

Perhaps we in Europe do occupy the moral high ground, but it may be rather shaky under our feet.

或许身处欧洲的我们确实占据了道德高地，但这种高地的根基并不稳固。

In any case, the issue here, for Muslims, has been especially painful. Not only because some of those abducted are from very traditional Muslim families, which must now be going, as all of them will, through a hellish trauma; but because the whole atrocity underscores the crisis of leadership which is now a grave problem for global Islam.

无论如何，此时的问题对穆斯林而言异常痛苦。不仅因为被绑架的少女中有些来自非常传统的穆斯林家庭，这些家庭必然正在承受地狱般的煎熬，也因为这一暴行凸显了领导危机，如今这对全世界的伊斯兰教而言是一个严峻的问题。

The Boko Haram abductions have been condemned by all the traditional authorities: Nigeria’s chief sultan, the grand muftis of Egypt and Saudi Arabia, the leading Islamic universities, the main Islamic bodies here in Britain. It’s been a moment of unity. Unfortunately, we can’t pretend that it has helped.

博科圣地的绑架遭到了所有传统领袖的谴责：尼日利亚苏丹，埃及和沙特阿拉伯的大穆夫提，主要的伊斯兰大学以及英国主要的伊斯兰组织。这是团结的时刻，但不幸的是，我们不能妄言这种团结发挥了作用。

For the last decade or so, across the Muslim world small but ferocious factions have defied the traditional leaders and taken religion into their own hands. In every case the result has been a disaster for communities and even whole countries. The use by these factions of religious rhetoric to validate what is often a political or economic grievance has left many religious leaders at a loss. In some cases the imams have been assassinated for speaking out against the extremists; this has happened in Nigeria, as elsewhere. So what should they do?

过去十年左右的时间里，整个穆斯林世界里一些小而残忍的派系违抗传统领袖，将宗教控制在自己手中。在任何情况下，这个结果对宗教团体甚至整个国家而言都是灾难。这些派系用宗教辞令服务于政治经济诉求，这使得许多宗教领袖不知所措。有时候，伊玛目会因为公然反对极端分子而被刺杀。正如其他地方一样，这样的事情也在尼日利亚发生。那么他们应该做些什么呢？

The founder of Islam had no time for extreme zealotry. ‘May the fanatics perish,’ he once commented. If he detected extreme or hateful behaviour in anyone he would condemn it immediately. Present-day leaders recall this, as they struggle to find ways of fighting terrorism.

伊斯兰教的创始人不能忍受极端狂热行为，他曾说“愿狂热的信徒消亡”。如果他在任何人身上发现了极端或令人讨厌的行为，他会立即谴责。当如今的宗教领袖努力寻求打击恐怖主义的方法时，他们总是回想起这一点。

So this scandal is more than an issue for the Nigerian army. It cuts more deeply. How to restore the authority of the mainline leadership, among embittered young men who trust no-one? Spies and bullets will not, in the long term, defeat these aberrations: the religious leadership must find some way of regaining its moral authority in an age of rapid change and rampant injustice.

因此，这件丑闻不止对尼日利亚军队而言是个问题，它还触及了更深的层面。如何在这些愤世嫉俗的年轻人中重建主流领袖的权威？长远来看，间谍和子弹不能消除这些灾异：在这个日新月异、不公甚嚣尘上的时代，宗教领袖必须找到恢复自身道德权威的方法。