英语教学法原著选读25：英语语言课程中的新内容

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New language items will probably be prominent, even dominant, in your syllabus or coursebook, and of course learners must learn new grammar and vocabulary in order to make progress in English. However, it is important to remember that learners need to be able to do more than just remember and repeat new items; they must be able to use them actively to communicate.

新内容在课程或课本中多半占据着显要的、甚至主导的地位，而且学生理所当然要学习新的语法和词汇，才能在英语水平上取得进步。然而，重要的是要牢记，学习者需要做的不仅是记忆和重复新内容；他们必须有能力使用这些新内容进行积极主动的交流。

Most of the new items you are expected to teach will normally be indicated in your syllabus or coursebook. Here, for example, is part of the contents page of a typical book:

需要教学的新内容通常都会在课程或课本里标明。例如，下面就是典型的课本目录页：

Not all coursebooks or syllabuses indicate the items to be taught in the same way, but this kind of division is typical of most modern materials. Functions are the communicative things we do with language. New functional items may be indicated only with a description of the function, for example:

不是所有的课本或课程都以同样的方式标明需要教学的内容，但这种分类是大部分现代教材的典型分法。功能是我们使用语言所进行的交际活动。新的功能项目可能只是给个描述，比如：

Introducing yourself Expressing likes and dislikes

or models of language commonly used to carry out the functions may also be given, for example:

或者给出常用于完成功能的语言形式，例如：

Introductions: Hello. I'm Michael.

Likes/dislikes: I like cats. I don t like dogs. Mary likes dogs. She doesn't like cats.

New grammatical items may be indicated with grammatical terminology, for example:

新的语法项目可能是以语法术语标明，例如：

Present Continuous Comparisons with adjectives

or models of the structures may be given:

或者给出相应结构的例子：

What’s Mary doing? She’s swimming.

Glasgow is bigger than Edinburgh. Edinburgh is more famous than Glasgow.

No matter how new items are indicated, you will almost certainly be dealing with new functions and new grammar. Both types of item, and new vocabulary, are usually connected in a unit or lesson. For example, a lesson may deal with the function 'Talking about routine activities5. This will probably mean teaching the grammatical structure 'The Simple Present Tense* and vocabulary such as get up, 'take a shower, 'have breakfast' and go to school'.

不管新内容如何标明，都必须教学新功能、新语法。这两种内容以及新词汇通常是相联系的，出现在同一单元或同一课。例如，某一课可能处理“谈论日常活动”这一功能。这很可能就是要教学语法结构“一般现在时”，以及诸如get up、take a shower、have breakfast、go to school这样的词汇。

Questions

问题：

Examine your syllabus or coursebook (or, if you are not teaching at present, one you might use) and see how new items are indicated. Do you feel clear about what you would have to teach? How would you clarify any doubts?

看看课程或课本（或者，如果现在没有在教学岗位，可以看看会用到的），看看新内容是怎样标示的。对于需要教学的内容，你觉得清楚了吗？如果有疑问，该怎样解决？