英语教学法选读36：教师发展的含义

本文转载自《Professional Development for Language Teachers-Strategies for Teacher Learning(2005)》，作者

Jack C. Richards (SEAMEO Regional Language Centre)

Thomas S. C. Farrell (Brock University)

注释：武太白

导读：教师发展指的是从长久眼光、从人的角度来看的技能增进和心态成长，牵涉的内容比教师培训更加广泛、深远。

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Teacher development

Development generally refers to general growth not focused on a specific job. It serves a longer-term goal and seeks to facilitate (help) growth of teachers’ understanding of teaching and of themselves as teachers. It often involves examining different dimensions (sides, aspects) of a teacher’s practice as a basis for reflective review 反思性回顾 and can hence be seen as “bottom-up.” The following are examples of goals from a development perspective:

Understanding how the process of second language development occurs

Understanding how our roles change according to the kind of learners we are teaching

Understanding the kinds of decision making that occur during lessons

Reviewing our own theories and principles of language teaching

Developing an understanding of different styles of teaching

Determining learners’ perceptions 感知 of classroom activities

Strategies for teacher development often involve documenting (recording) different kinds of teaching practices; reflective analysis 反思式分析 of teaching practices, examining beliefs, values, and principles 信念，价值观与原则; conversation with peers 同伴 on core issues 核心问题; and collaborating with peers on classroom projects. However, although many things can be learned about teaching through self-observation and critical reflection, many cannot, such as subject-matter knowledge, pedagogical expertise 教学专业技能, and understanding of curriculum 课程 and materials. Professional development, therefore, should go beyond personal and individual reflection. For example, it can include exploration of new trends 对新趋势的探索 and theories in language teaching; familiarization with 熟悉 developments in subject-matter knowledge such as pedagogical grammar, composition theory 构成理论, or genre theory 体裁理论; and critical examination 审视 of the way schools and language programs are organized and managed.

Question: What is the difference between "personal" and "individual"? Why are they both used?

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