骨科小病不求医013：慢性外踝痛（CHRONIC LATERAL ANKLE PAIN）

      踝关节韧带损伤或骨折如恢复不好，可出现踝关节持久性疼痛。原因包括：韧带愈合不良，神经周围疤痕压迫、创伤性关节炎、创伤后废用性骨质疏松等。因踝关节内翻位损伤较常见，常外侧副韧带，因此外踝慢性疼痛常见。

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Overview（概述）

This condition is a lasting pain on the outer side of the ankle that often develops after an injury such as a sprain or fracture of the ankle.

      诸如踝关节扭伤或骨折等损伤后可能出现踝关节外侧的持久的疼痛。

Causes（原因）

The most common cause for chronic ankle pain is a failure of the ankle to heal properly after an injury. If the pain develops after a sprain, the affected ligament may remain weak after healing, causing instability and the chance for further injury.

      慢性踝关节疼痛的常见原因是踝关节损伤后没有正常愈合。如果疼痛继发于扭伤，受累的韧带在愈合后仍较脆弱，导致踝关节不稳和进一步损伤的机会。

Scar Tissue（疤痕组织）

Nerves and tendons may also be injured in the sprain, and scar tissue may develop, placing pressure on structures in the ankle.

       踝关节扭伤时，神经和肌腱组织也可能受伤，而且局部形成疤痕组织，对踝关节的神经、肌腱等结构造成压迫。

Symptoms（症状）

The most common symptom is lasting pain on the outer side of the ankle, particularly when walking or when participating in sports or strenuous exercise. Other symptoms include difficulty walking, instability, swelling, stiffness and tenderness.

      最常见的症状是踝关节外侧的持久性疼痛，尤其在行走或参加体育运动或高强度的锻炼时。其它症状包括行走困难、不稳、肿胀、僵硬以及压痛。

Treatment（治疗）

Treatment options include anti-inflammatory medication, physical therapy, use of a cast, splint or brace, and rest. If the pain continues for a considerable time after treatment, surgery may be required.

      治疗措施包括消炎止痛药，物理治疗，使用石膏、夹板或支具，以及休息。如果在治疗一段时间后疼痛仍旧持续，可能需要手术治疗。

（胡佰文    译）