《风景园林》2023-07刊首语 | 胡一可：景观智能化规划与设计

全文刊登于《风景园林》2023年第7期 P8-9

景观智能化规划与设计

Landscape Intelligent Planning and Design

随着生活水平的提高、城市空间规划设计需求及相应技术手段的变化，未来的风景园林行业需要经由技术创新和可持续发展途径，围绕社会、环境等一系列问题，提出景观的解决方案，改善生活品质。智能化是从“人工”到“自动”再到“自主”的过程。在物联网、大数据、互联网和人工智能等技术的支持下，景观规划设计逐渐具备灵敏感知、精准判断、自适应学习和有效执行等特征，即景观规划设计及管理逐渐智能化。智能化的数字技术应用于景观中的规划设计与管理，满足新需求或创造智慧场景即为智慧景观。

“精准化、科学化”是景观规划设计智能化的动因，信息技术的发展使景观智能化成为可能。传统的规划设计依赖设计师的经验、设计团体的协作，项目周期较长，而城市化发展加深了人与自然的矛盾，规划设计需要更精细的项目资料收集、更全面的设计分析、更周密的协作。物联网编织起了连接各种事物、各种信息技术、各个规划设计环节的智能网络。借此，景观规划设计实现了海量数据的采集和分析，能够实时感知变化、灵活且科学地调整策略，得以保障人流、物流、能量流和信息流高效流动，提升管理者的整体反应能力，促进移动、智能、互联的基础设施建设和行业协作，打破各个“孤岛”之间的壁垒，从而为智慧景观提供有效的实施途径。智慧景观通过数据驱动将景观项目数字化、网络化、可视化。通过物联网技术，在智慧景观中构建出动态变化且相互关联的“人与物”和“物与物”的网络环境，对接收的数据或信息进行分析并做出决策。信息空间与物理空间相融合，让景观与人之间能够高效交互。智能化数字技术的应用场景不仅关注互动景观及艺术装置，同时推动城市结构向服务于高效便捷生活的方向转变。景观智能化规划与设计影响着城市景观建设、改造以及管理的各个方面。

未来，在实现可持续发展的智能景观中，应充分借鉴自然生态系统的性质和机制，并融入景观的设计之中，实现自然与人、机的高度融合，这将成为未来景观智能化规划与设计必不可少的一部分。此外，智能景观应具备远见卓识的设计理念，充分考虑现代科技的发展趋势和人类需求，注重科学性和交互性。在此背景下，需要专家学者积极引入各专业的技术力量，从多层面进行智能化景观规划与设计探索，助力智慧景观的发展。

With the improvement in living standards, as well as changes in demands for urban space planning and design and advancements in corresponding technical means, the future of the landscape architecture industry needs to follow the approach of technological innovation and sustainability by putting forward landscape solutions and improving the quality of life around social, environmental and other issues. Intelligentization is the process from “manual” to “automatic” and then to “autonomous”. In the support of IoT, big data, Internet, AI and other technology, landscape planning and design have gradually acquired such characteristics as sensitive perception, accurate judgment, adaptive learning and effective implementation; in other words, landscape planning, design and management gradually become intelligent. By deploying intelligent digital technology in landscape planning, design and management, new needs can be met and intelligent scenarios can be created, that is the so called intelligent landscape. 

 “Accurate and scientific” orientation is the motive of intelligent landscape planning and design, and the development of information technology makes it possible to realize intelligent landscapes. Traditional planning and design rely on the experience of designers and the collaboration among design groups, resulting in long project delivery periods. However, urbanization has deepened the contradictions between human and nature; therefore, planning and design entail increasingly refined project data collection, more comprehensive design analytics, and more elaborate collaboration. IoT weaves an intelligent network that can connect various things, information technologies, and planning and design sections. Thanks to these progresses, massive data can be collected and analyzed for landscape planning and design, changes can be perceived in real time, strategies can be adjusted flexibly and scientifically. As a result, the efficient flow of people, logistics, energy and information is guaranteed; the overall responsiveness of managers is enhanced; the construction of mobile, intelligent and interconnected infrastructure as well as industry collaboration is promoted; and barriers between various “silos” are broken down. Thus, an effective way is provided for implementing intellect landscapes. Driven by data, intellect landscapes can digitize, network and visualize landscape projects. By virtue of IoT technology, dynamically changing and mutually connected network environments for “people and things” and “things and things” can be built up in intelligent landscapes, so as to analyze the received data or information and make decisions. The integration of information space and physical space allows for efficient interaction between landscape and human. The application scenarios of intelligent digital technology would not only focus on interactive landscapes and art installations, but would also promote the transformation of urban structures to the direction of serving the efficient and convenient life. Intelligent landscape planning and design are affecting all aspects of urban landscapes’ construction, transformation and management. 

In the future, in order to deliver sustainable intelligent landscapes, the nature and mechanism of natural ecosystems should be fully referenced and integrated into the design of landscapes, so as to achieve a high degree of convergence between nature, human and machines. This will become an integral part of intelligent landscape planning and design in the future. In addition, intelligent landscapes should be endowed with visionary design concepts, giving full consideration to the development trend of modern technology and the needs of human, while paying attention to scientificity and interactivity. In this context, it is necessary for experts and scholars to actively utilize the technical strength of various professions, so as to explore intelligent landscape planning and design on multiple levels and boost the development of intelligent landscapes.

本期专题组稿人：胡一可

Acquiring editor of the current issue: HU Yike

2023年6月25日

June 25, 2023

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