艾未未：人性的懦弱与日俱增

Ai Weiwei: “Humanity is more cowardly with each passing day”

Chinese artist and activist explains his worldview in a conversation with EL PAÍS in Buenos Aires

艾未未：“人性的懦弱与日俱增”

西班牙媒体EL PAIS在布宜诺斯艾利斯专访中国艺术家活动家艾未未：“人性的懦弱与日俱增”

It would be difficult to find a man who enjoys freedom as much as Ai Weiwei does. At least that is the feeling one gets from watching the Beijing-born artist and political activist, who has been suffering repression in his country for years and was arrested for three months in 2011 for his opposition to the Chinese regime. In 2015 his passport was returned to him, and the 59-year-old has since been unstoppable. This much is evident as he strolls down the streets of Buenos Aires, where he is constantly stopped by people who want to have their picture taken with him. Watching him evidences his dual dimension as a renowned artist and as a free man.

很难找到一个像艾未未这样享受自由的人。至少这是人们看到艾未未的感觉。在北京出生的艺术家和政治活动家艾未未多年来一直受到压制，因他批评政府被关押三个月。2015年他的护照返还后已经59岁的他就不可阻挡勇往直前。当他漫步布宜诺斯艾利斯街头， 他不时停下来与想要和他合影的人们拍照。看到他证明他的双重身份，他既是一位著名艺术家，他又是一位热爱自由的人。

Ai has come to the capital of Argentina to work on a major exhibition of his art at the Proa Foundation, a private museum located in La Boca, the city’s most popular neighborhood. Inside the museum, he is a professional who takes measurements, thinks about the best spots for his giant installations, and imagines new ones. Out on the street, he is a tourist who takes selfies with his son in front of a papier mâché likeness of Pope Francis that he spots outside a souvenir store.

艾未未在阿根廷布易诺艾利斯街头 图片/Instagram@aiww

艾未未为准备他在Proa 基金会的大型个展来到阿根廷首都，这是一个私人博物馆，位于拉博卡市最受欢迎的社区。在博物馆里，他是一个职业艺术家，测量尺寸，选择展示他的巨型装置的最佳地点，并想象创意新的作品。走在街上，他是一个旅游者，在一个旅游商店门外一个教宗方济各纸板画像前与儿子一起玩自拍。

Ai Weiwei had never been to South America, but he has a link to the Southern Cone. His father, Ai Qing, one of the most respected poets in China, was friends with Chile’s Pablo Neruda, to whom he dedicated one of his poems. Both were communists, but in 1958 the regime accused Ai of being a right-winger and exiled him on farms in Manchuria and Xinjiang, where Weiwei lived as a child.

艾未未以前从未去过南美洲，但他有一个与南美的渊源就是他的父亲艾青，一位中国最受尊重的诗人之一，他是智利的巴勃罗·聂鲁达的朋友，艾青曾为聂鲁达写过一首诗。两位都是共产主义者，但在1958年政府将艾青打为右派，并将其流放到满洲里和新疆的农场，在那里生活艾未未当时还是一个孩子。

你就像黑夜，

拥有寂静与群星。

——巴勃罗·聂鲁达《二十首情诗与绝望的歌》

艾未未父亲艾青 图片/Instagram@aiww

图片/Instagram@aiww

你爱海，我也爱海

我们永远航行在海上
一天，一只船沉了
你捡回了救命圈
好象捡回了希望

风浪把你送到海边
你好象海防卫士
驻守着这些礁石
你抛下了锚
解下了缆索
回忆你所走过的路
每天了望海洋

 ——艾青《在智利的海岬上——给巴勃罗·聂鲁达》（节选）

 艾青与1971年诺贝尔文学奖得主巴勃罗·聂鲁达 图片/Instagram@aiww

艾未未在巴勃罗·聂鲁达位于Isla Negra的海边故居  图片/Instagram@ aiww & @cuicancan1987

巴勃罗的家

在一个海岬上
窗户的外面
是浩淼的太平洋
一所出奇的房子
全部用岩石砌成
象小小的碉堡
要把武士囚禁
我们走进了
航海者之家
地上铺满了海螺
也许昨晚有海潮
已经残缺了的
木雕的女神
站在客厅的门边
象女仆似的虔诚
阁楼是甲板
栏杆用麻绳穿连
在扶梯的边上
有一个大转盘
这些是你的财产：
古代帆船的模型
褐色的大铁锚
中国的罗盘
大的地球仪
各式各样的烟斗
和各式各样的钢刀
意大利农民送的手杖
放在进门的地方
它陪伴一个天才
走过了整个世界
米黄色的象牙上
刻着年轻的情人
穿着乡村的服装
带着羞涩的表情
象所有的爱情故事
既古老而又新鲜
手枪已经锈了
战船也不再转动
请斟满葡萄酒
为和平而干杯！

——艾青《在智利的海岬上——给巴勃罗·聂鲁达》（节选）

艾未未：Sixty three year ago my father made this drawing, now I come to see (63年前我父亲画了这张画，现在我亲自来看）图片/Instagram@aiww

艾未未儿子艾老 图片/Instagram@aiww

Ai will now travel to Chile, where he exhibited a gigantic 900-square-meter canvas in 2013 that he dedicated to Neruda. Ai does not believe that things are now worse than back in his father and Neruda’s time, although he warns: “Humanity has been improving, but there is a greater risk now. Power has become even stronger. These days, a German company or a US bank can be bought out by China. You no longer know who your enemy is. The powerful are really united, but not so the poor. There are no longer different powers in communist and capitalist countries... They have all become one and the same.”

艾未未现在将前往智利， 2013年他曾在那里展示了一幅巨大的900平方米的油画，致敬聂鲁达。艾未未不认为现在的情况比他父亲和聂鲁达的时代更糟，尽管他警告说：“人类一直在进步，但现在的风险更大。权力变得更加强大。这些天，中国可以购买一家德国公司或美国银行。你不再知道你的敌人是谁。强势方真的团结在一起，但弱势方却不是这样。共产主义国家和资本主义国家不再有不同的权力…他们都变成一体了。”

艾未未在智利CorpArtes 基金会海报 图片/twitter @CorpArtes

“My art is just the art of a stupid Chinese artist, they’re my own feelings, my relationship with these things that are happening,” he says. “Art in itself cannot accomplish anything. I can do something for my own conscience, and perhaps have an influence on the odd person. A lot of people know what’s happening. But they pretend that it is of no concern to them, that it’s none of their business. Some pretend to be busy doing a higher form of art, and they do not discuss human dignity.”

“我的艺术只是一个傻傻的中国艺术家的艺术，它们是我自己的感觉，以及我和正在发生的这些事情的关系。” 艾未未说 “艺术本身不能完成任何事。我可以为自己的良心做点事，也许会对某个怪人产生影响。很多人都知道发生了什么，但他们假装这与他们无关，这不关他们的事。一些人假装忙着做更高形式的艺术，他们不讨论人的尊严”

艾未未在智利CorpArtes 基金会 图片/twitter @virginiaarayam @yennisima instagram@aiww

The pessimist view that he took away from his experience with the refugees makes him think that “humanity is losing its vision and courage.” “I think that humanity is becoming more cowardly with each passing day, not just with the refugees but also with climate change. Many pretend that it’s got nothing to do with them, that someone else will solve the problem,” he says.

艾未未与难民的经历使他有这种悲观看法“人类正在失去远见和勇气。” “我认为人类的懦弱与日俱增，不只是难民问题，还有气候变化议题。许多人假装与他们无关，认为别人就能解决问题，”他说。

Ai is especially concerned about Donald Trump. “Many people have lost their jobs and fear for the future because of globalization, because they’d been sold a really pretty picture of things. But what Trump is saying, at a police academy recently for instance, is really unbelievable, he is encouraging violence. If we were told that he said those things, but could not see it with our own eyes, we would not believe it.”

艾未未特别关注唐纳德·特朗普。由于全球化许多人失去了工作对未来充满恐惧，因为他们被一幅非常美丽的画面蒙蔽了。特朗普最近在一所警察学院所说的，实在令人难以置信，他鼓励暴力。“如果我们被告知他说了这些话，但不能亲眼看到，我们不会相信的。”

Ai believes that the key resides with young people, who should be aware of their own power. “People also have more power with social media, but we have yet to see them transform it into political power. If you see what is happening in Venezuela these days, and in many other places where things used to be quieter, young people are much more informed, but at the same time they might be more disengaged because the West has experienced half a century of peace.”

艾未未与年轻人在一起 图片/Instagram @aiww

艾未未认为关键在于年轻人，他们应该意识到自己的力量。“人们有了社交媒体也可以有更多的权力，但我们还没有看到如何转化为政治权力。如果你看到这些天在委内瑞拉发生的事，及其他许多曾经是安静的地方，年轻人讯息灵通见识宽广，但同时他们也可能自由散漫没有约束，因为西方经历了半个世纪的和平。”

Ai, a historical champion of human rights in China, has learned from the refugee crisis in Europe that “freedom and democracy are a constant struggle, and nobody can take them for granted. As long as there is one person feeling despair, all of humanity is wounded, ruined. If we don’t have this notion of humanity as a single entity, we will never manage to solve the problem.”

艾未未与策展人崔灿灿及助手及家人 图片/Instagram @aiww

艾未未，这位中国史上的人权先锋，从欧洲难民危机认识到，“自由和民主是一个持续的抗争，没有人可以想当然。只要有一个人感到绝望，所有的人都会受伤及毁灭。如果我们没有这个概念，人类是作为一个整体，我们永远不会解决问题。” 

The artist is especially pessimistic about his own country, where he returns periodically – if warily. Most of the year he lives abroad, and has his home base in Germany. And Ai believes that things have only gotten worse ever since his own arrest in 2011. “There is no establishment in China because intellectuals are always persecuted,” he says.

艾未未对自己的国家感到特别悲观，他会偶尔谨慎地回国。他大部分时间住在国外，在德国有自己的大本营。艾未未认为自从他在2011逮捕后事情变得更糟。“在中国没有一个成熟完善的机制，因为知识分子总是受到迫害” 他说。

“China has accumulated great wealth, but has not developed human rights. It has a fifth of the world’s population but there are no labor rights and no individual rights; everything is controlled by the state, even social media. The country is moving backwards at a terrible pace. When I was arrested, my family, my friends asked themselves: where did he go? Nobody knew. What kind of state are you if you make a citizen disappear? What’s the difference between the Chinese state and the mafia? If you’re that powerful and you have all the money, why can’t you earn respect for yourself?”

“中国已经积累了巨大的财富，但人权没有发展。它拥有世界第五大人口，但没有劳动权利，也没有个人权利；一切都由国家控制，甚至是社交媒体。这个国家正以可怕的速度倒退着。当我被捕的时候，我的家人，我的朋友问他们自己：他去哪儿了？没有人知道。如果你让一个公民消失，你是什么状态？中国国家和黑手党有什么不同？如果你如此强大，你有这么多钱，为什么你不能为自己赢得尊重呢？”

艾未未在巴西圣保罗  图片/Instagram@aiww

艾未未与巴西艺术家Zé Celso 图片/Instagram@aiww

以上文字由木木摘译自https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/08/02/inenglish/1501684675_384911.html，若中文译文与英文报道有冲突，请参照英文原文。

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“Freedom and democracy

are a constant struggle,

and nobody can take them for granted.

As long as there is one person feeling despair,

all of humanity is wounded, ruined.

If we don’t have this notion of humanity as a single entity,

we will never manage to solve the problem.”

自由和民主

是一个持续的抗争，

没有人可以想当然。

只要有一个人感到绝望，

所有的人都会受伤及毁灭。

如果我们没有这个概念，

人类是作为一个整体，

我们永远不会解决问题。

#Weiwei-isms未未主义#

“Hi Ai 嗨 艾”艺术项目有关自由表达及艺术自由。她是木木对“未未主义”的个人解读及艺术行动。"Hi Ai 嗨 艾”art project is related to free expression and art freedom. It's Melanie Wang's personal interpretation of "Weiwei-isms" and her art practices. 

王木木 Melanie Wang

电邮Email: [e-mail]