人教 | 高中英语词汇与阅读 必修五：Unit1（附音频、双语文本）
characteristic /kæriktə'ristik/ n. 特征；特性
radium /'reidiəm/ n. 镭
painter /'peintə/ n. 画家；油漆匠
put forward 提出
scientific /saiən'tifik/ adj. 科学的
conclude /kən'klu:d/ vt. & vi. 结束；推断出
conclusion /kən'klu:ʒn/ n. 结论；结束
draw a conclusion 提出结论
analyse /'ænəlaiz/ vt. 分析
infect /in'fekt/ vt. 传染；感染
infectious /in'fekʃəs/ adj. 传染的
cholera /'kɔlərə/ n. 霍乱
defeat /di'fi:t/ vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫 n. 失败
expert /'ekspə:t/ adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 n. 专家；行家
attend /ə'tend/ vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加
physician /fi'ziʃn/ n. 医生；内科医师
expose /ik'spəuz/ vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
expose … to 使显露；暴露
deadly /'dedli/ adj. 致命的
cure /kjuə/ n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 治愈；治疗
outbreak /'autbreik/ n. 爆发；发作 （尤指疾病或战争）
challenge /'tʃælindʒ/ n. 挑战 vt. 向……挑战
victim /'viktim/ n. 受害者
absorb /əb'zɔ:b/ vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心
suspect /sə'spekt/ vt. 怀疑 /'sʌspekt/ n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
enquiry /in'kwaiəri/ n. 询问
neighbourhood /'neibəhud/ n. 附近；邻近
severe /si'viə/ adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的
clue /klu:/ adj. 线索；提示
pump /pʌmp/ n. 泵；抽水机 vt. （用泵）抽（水）
Cambridge /'keimbridʒ/ Street剑桥大街
foresee /fɔ:'si:/ vt. (foresaw，foreseen) 预见；预知
investigate /in'vestiɡeit/ vt. & vi. 调查
investigation /investi'ɡeiʃn/ n. 调查
blame /'bleim/ vt. 责备；谴责 n. 过失；责备
pollute /pə'lu:t/ vt. 污染；弄脏
handle /'hændl/ n. 柄；把手 vt. 处理；操纵
germ /dʒə:m/ n. 微生物；细菌
link /liŋk/ vt. & n. 连接；联系
link … to … 将……和……联系或连接起来
announce /ə'nauns/ vt. 宣布；通知
certainty /'sə:tnti/ n. 确信；确实
instruct /in'strʌkt/ vt. 命令；指示；教导
responsible /ri'spɔnsəbl/ adj. 有责任的；负责的
construct /kən'strʌkt/ vt. 建设；修建
construction /kən'strʌkʃn/ n. 建设；建筑物
contribute /kən'tribju:t/ vt. & vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助
apart from 除……之外；此外
firework /'faiəwə:k/ n. 烟火（燃放）
chart /tʃɑ:t/ n. 图表
creative /kri:'eitiv/ adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的
co-operative /kəu'ɔpərətiv/ adj. 合作的
positive /'pɔzətiv/ adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的
(be) strict with … 对……严格的
revolutionary /revə'lu:ʃənəri/ adj. 革命的；重大变革的
movement /'mu:vmənt/ n. 移动；运动；动作
make sense 讲得通；有意义
backward /'bækwəd/ adv. & adj. 向后地（的）；相反地（的）；退步地（的）
loop /lu:p/ n. 圈；环
privately /'praivitli/ adv. 私下地；秘密地
spin /spin/ vi. & vt. (spun，spun)（使）旋转；纺（线或纱）
brightness /'braitnis/ n. 明亮；亮度；聪颖
enthusiastic /inθju:zi'æstik/ adj. 热情的；热心的
cautious /'kɔ:ʃəs/ adj. 小心的；谨慎的
reject /ri'dʒekt/ vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃
universe /'ju:nivə:s/ n. 宇宙；世界
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS "KING CHOLERA"
John snow was a famous doctor in london-so expert,indeed,that he attended queen victora as her personal physician.but he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.this was the deadly disease of its day.neither its cause nor its cure was understood.so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.John snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem .he knew that cholera would never be co ntrolled until its cause was found.
约翰 雪是伦敦的一位非常著名的医生,确实,他作为维多利亚女王的私人医生来照顾她,但是当他想到帮助暴露在霍乱王疾病下的普通人时,他变的很有灵感,在那时,这是一个致命 的疾病,不论他的感染方式还是治愈方法都无从知晓,所以每次爆发的时候都有数以千计的惊恐的人丧生.约翰 学想要面对这个挑战并且解决这个问题,他知道霍乱的起源如果无法找到,他将无法控制.
He became insterested in two theories that poissibly explained how cholera killed people.the first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victim.the second suggested that people absorbed these disease intotheir bodies with their meals.from the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.
他变的对可能解释霍乱如何杀人的两个学说感兴趣起来,第一个说明霍乱在空气中繁殖,一团危险的气体漂浮着直到找到他的感染者,第二个表明人们在吃饭时把疾病吸收入身体,从胃里,这病毒很快的攻击身体并且很快导致感染者死亡.
John snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.so when another outbreak hit london in 1854,he was ready to begin his enquire.as the disease quickly spread through poor neighbourhoods,he began to gather information.in two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.he was determined to find out why.
约翰 雪怀疑第二个学说是正确的但他需要证据,所以当其他的霍乱在1854年的伦敦爆发时,他已经完成了他询问的准备工作,当这个疾病很快传播到穷邻居时,他开始去收集信息,在两个特别的街道,霍乱的爆发特别严重以致于有五百多人在十天内死亡,他下定了找出原因的决心.
First he marked on a map the exact places where all the died people had lived.This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.many of the deaths were near the water pump in broad street.he also noticed that some houses had had no death.he had not foreseen this ,so he made further investigations,he discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 cambridge street .they had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the punp.it seemed that the water was to blame.
首先他在地图上标出了死去的人曾经居住过的确切地点,这给了他一个有价值的关于疾病起源的线索,在宽街上,多死去的人的居住地邻近水泵.他也注意到了一些房子没有人死去,他没有对此深究,所以,他作了一个进一步的调查,他发现这些人们工作在剑桥七街的酒吧里,他们被给予了免费的啤酒所以不需要去喝水泵里的水,看起来,应该责备的是水.
Next,john snow look into the source of the water for these two streets.he found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from london.he immediately told the astonished people in broad street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.soon afterwords the disease slowed down.he had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.
接下来,约翰 雪调查这两条街的水的起源,他发现这水来自被伦敦来的污水污染过的河流,他立刻告诉宽街上惊恐的人们移开水泵的把手从而使他不能被使用,在这之后,很快这疾病就减缓了,他展示了霍乱是通过细菌来传播而不是一团气体.
In another part of london,he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the broad street outbreak.A woman,whohad moved away from broad street,liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house everyday.Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinkingthe water.with this extra evidence john snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.
在伦敦的其他部分,他发现其他两个与宽街爆发有关的死亡病例来作为支持证据,一个从宽街搬走的女子,非常喜欢从那个水泵里打出的水,以致于每天她都让那水送到她家供他饮用,在喝过水后,她和她的女儿都死去了,用这个额外的证据,约翰 雪有能力确定地宣布是被污染的水带来了病毒.
To prevent this from happening again,john snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined .the water companies were instructed not expose people to polluted water any more .finally “king cholera”was defeated.
为了阻止霍乱的再次发生,约翰 雪建议所有的供水源头都应该被检查,卖水公司被命令不许再把人们暴露在污染的水之下,最终,”霍乱王”被击败了.
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