遗体竟被用于爆炸试验 那些捐给科研的遗体都去哪了？
美国亚利桑那州的一名男子不久前痛苦地发现，三年前他自愿捐献母亲的遗体用于医学研究，不料遗体却被转卖给了美军，用于炸弹爆炸试验。据报道，至少有21具遗体被美国军队用来进行爆炸试验。
联邦调查局一共发现了整整10吨人体遗骸，包括“大桶的头、手臂和腿”、“被冷藏的男性生殖器”以及“一个女性头颅被缝在男性身体上的缝合体。”这桩骇人听闻的非法尸体交易案引发了人们对科研捐献的质疑：那些捐给科学研究的遗体到底都去了哪？
Photo by Nhia Moua on Unsplash
一名男子以为自己当初捐献的母亲遗体是用于阿尔茨海默症研究，后来才知道遗体被用于爆炸试验。那些被捐给医学研究的遗体，到底经历了什么呢？
A man who donated his mother's body to what he thought was Alzheimer's research learned later it was used to test explosives. So what does happen when your body is donated to medical science?
上周，一起针对美国亚利桑那州生物资源中心的诉讼曝光了新细节，联邦调查局2014年的突击搜查发现了数百块被抛弃的可怖的人体残骸。
Last week new details of a lawsuit emerged against The Biological Resource Centre in Arizona following an FBI raid in 2014 in which gruesome remains of hundreds of discarded body parts were discovered.
这家已经关门的生物资源中心被控违背捐献者意愿非法转卖人体部位。
The now closed centre is accused of illegally selling body parts against the donors wishes.
新公布的法院证词透露，将家人遗体捐给该中心的人表示，他们以为遗体会被用于医学和科学研究。
Newly released court documents revealed that families of those whose bodies had been donated to the centre said they believed their relatives remains would be used for medical and scientific research.
吉姆·斯托弗是起诉该中心的众多原告之一。他原以为捐献的母亲遗体会被用于研究阿尔茨海默症（他母亲生前也患有阿尔茨海默症），但他后来发现遗体被军队用于测试爆炸效果。
Jim Stauffer is one of the multiple plaintiffs suing the centre. He believed his mother's donated body would be used to study Alzheimer's, a disease she had, but he later found out it was used by the military to examine the effects of explosives.
他说，生物资源中心给他的文件上写道，是否同意将遗体用于爆炸试验，他已经明确选择了“不”。
He says on the paperwork he was given by the centre he specifically ticked 'no' when asked if he consented to the body being used to test explosives.
tick[tɪk]: v. 标记号，打钩号
✕tick[tɪk]: v. 标记号，打钩号
那么美国的遗体捐赠企业是如何运作的，人们对这些机构又抱有什么期待呢？
So how does the body donation business operate in the US and what expectations do people have about these facilities?
事实是，尽管器官捐献受美国卫生与公众服务部制约，遗体捐献依然是一个不受管制的行业。
While organ donation is regulated by the US Department of Health and Human Services, body donation remains an unregulated industry.
买卖遗体是重罪，但美国允许收取“合理的”费用来对遗体进行“处理”，这包括搬运遗体、仓储运输或销毁遗体。
Buying and selling bodies is a felony but what is permissible is charging a "reasonable" amount to "process" a body, this includes the removal, storage transportation, or disposing of it.
至于收多少钱算是“合理的”则可以有不同的解释。大部分机构可以自行设立内部规范和政策。
What constitutes a "reasonable" amount is also open to interpretation. Facilities are largely able to set up their own internal practices and policies.
至于每年捐给医学研究的遗体有多少，并没有已知的美国或全球记录。
There is also no known national or global register to account for how many bodies are donated for medical research each year.
不过，据估计，美国有数千人捐献遗体用于教育或研究，他们认为这是慈善行为，遗体会被用于医学研究。
But it's estimated thousands of people in the US donate bodies for education or research, believing their actions are charitable and the bodies will be used for medical science.
大学遗体捐赠中心主要将遗体用于医学院的教学，加利福尼亚大学等许多大学都致力于项目运作透明化。
University body donation centres will mostly use cadavers to teach medical students and many such as The University of California are committed to operating a transparent programme.
cadaver[kə'dævɚ]: n. [医] 尸体；死尸
✕cadaver[kə'dævɚ]: n. [医] 尸体；死尸
加利福尼亚大学解剖服务部执行董事布兰迪·施密特告诉BBC说，被捐赠的遗体命运如何，取决于捐给哪一类机构。
Brandi Schmitt, executive director of anatomical services at the University of California, told the BBC that what happens to a donated body depends on the kind of centre it goes to.
在其他国家，宗教信仰可能会影响人们将遗体捐给医学研究的决定。举例而言，在一些非洲国家，甚至连器官捐献都是禁忌，而且被认为是亵渎遗体，与某些宗教教义相悖。
In other countries, religious beliefs may impact upon decisions to donate a body for medical research. For example in some African countries even organ donation is a taboo, and desecration of the body is considered contrary to some religious teachings.
卡塔尔有一家医院进口人体部位用于尖端医学研究，已经运营了12年。那里的医生不用人体部位复制品，而是用“标本”。
In Qatar a hospital where human body parts are imported for cutting-edge medical science research has been operating for 12 years. Surgeons there do not use replica body parts but "specimens".
流程非常官僚化，需要六个政府部门共同合作才能把真正的人体部位（大多是肩膀、膝盖、脚踝和躯干）进口到这家医院，而供应的大多数人体部位都来自美国。
In a highly bureaucratic process that involves the joint work of six government ministries, real human body parts (mostly shoulders, knees, ankles and torsos) are imported to the hospital, with most of the supply coming from the United States.
bureaucratic[,bjʊrə'krætɪk]: adj. 官僚的；官僚政治的
✕bureaucratic[,bjʊrə'krætɪk]: adj. 官僚的；官僚政治的
来源：中国日报网英语点津 编辑：陈丹妮
传播中国，影响世界
欢迎关注中国日报网微信公众号