最近，一款名为“清凉徒步”（Cool Walks）的城市地图APP在西班牙巴塞罗那全新上线。当地民众可以使用这款APP找到阴凉路线，避免在烈日下暴晒，甚至还能启用“吸血鬼模式”，确保一路上都晒不到太阳。[Photo/Pexels]巴塞罗那新上线的一款应用可以帮助当地居民找到两地之间最阴凉的路线，避免暴晒。A new app promises to help Barcelona residents find the shadiest route between two places to avoid extreme heat.这款名为“清凉徒步”的导航工具最早是在一个数据可视化竞赛中被研发出来的，旨在给用户指出通往目的地的多条行走路线。Cool Walks, a routing tool for pedestrians first developed at a data visualisation contest, aims to show users a variety of walking routes to take for their intended destinations.用户可以选择距离最近的路线，也可以选择稍微有点绕的阴凉路线，还可以设成“吸血鬼模式”，不惜一切代价来避免日晒。此外，用户可以用这个应用找到喷泉式饮水器或遮阳的场所。Users can choose the most direct route, a shady route that may take a little longer, or they can set the app to “vampire mode”, which avoids direct sunlight at all costs. Users can also use the app to find drinking fountains, or places to shelter from the sun.这款应用采用激光雷达来实现误差不超过10厘米的高精度地面建模，并结合一天中太阳的运行轨迹，来计算出一天中任何时候的阴凉路径。The app uses a tool called Lidar to create high-resolution models of ground elevation, accurate to within 10cm. This information is combined with data on the sun’s path to work out where is in shade at any given time of day.巴塞罗那地区环境工程主管马克·蒙特列欧表示，“吸血鬼模式”就是采用了“最高精度的算法”来实现的。Marc Montlleo, director of environmental projects at Barcelona Regional, said the vampire mode was created from taking “the most extreme form of the data algorithm”.Credit: Cool Walks巴塞罗那计划利用绿色空间和树木来缓解全球变暖效应。该市的20年植树总体规划旨在将绿树覆盖面积从25%增加到30%。Barcelona is looking to use green spaces and trees as part of its efforts to mitigate the effects of global heating. The city’s 20-year tree masterplan aims to increase the proportion of land covered by trees from 25% to 30%.尽管这款地图应用只覆盖了巴塞罗那的一个街区，但是研究人员希望可以提供信息来帮助城市应对酷热天气，从而保护市民和经济。Although the tool only maps one neighbourhood of Barcelona, it is hoped the research will provide information on how the city can adapt to extreme heat to protect its citizens and economy.数据显示，在所有气候造成的风险中，热浪最为致命。根据城市气候领导联盟C40的数据，城市的极端高温天气可能导致死亡率上升14%，并会导致人们的劳动效率降低，损害道路和铁轨等基础设施。C40在全球拥有97个成员城市。Heatwaves kill more people than any other climate risk. According to C40, a climate leadership group made up of 97 cities around the world, extreme heat events in cities can cause mortality increases of up to 14%, as well as lower workforce productivity and damage infrastructure such as roads and rail lines.负责本区大规模植树工程的伦敦哈克尼区前政务会委员乔恩·伯克表示：“我认为我们应该把这种应用视为降低高温天气影响的一个临时措施……与此同时，城市应该迅速增加林冠覆盖度并在更大范围内修建绿色基础设施。”Jon Burke, a former councillor for Hackney in London, who was responsible for a massive expansion of tree planting in the borough, said: “I think we should view this particular kind of app as an interim measure to reduce the impacts of extreme heat … while cities rapidly invest in urban canopy cover and broader green infrastructure.