英国经济学人智库调查显示，自新冠疫情暴发以来，由于供应链紧张和消费者需求变化，许多大城市生活成本上涨。以色列特拉维夫在2021全球城市生活成本排名中位列第一，这是特拉维夫市首次位居榜首。中国有两个城市也跻身榜单前20位。Tel Aviv (Photo: AFP)对于世界各地而言，今年都是荷包吃紧的一年。All over the world, it's been a tough year on wallets.12月1日发布的新调查报告显示，供应链阻塞和消费者需求变化让许多大城市的生活成本水涨船高，通胀速度也达到了五年来的最高水平。Supply-chain blockages and changing consumer demand have pushed up the cost of living in many of our biggest cities, according to new research published Wednesday, and inflation is the fastest recorded over the past five years.根据经济学人智库发布的2021全球生活成本指数，有一个城市的生活成本上涨速度尤其快，从第五名跃升到了第一名。One city has been experiencing more rapid change than most, jumping from fifth place to first in this year's Worldwide Cost of Living index released by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).以色列特拉维夫市首次位居榜首，去年排名第一的巴黎今年和新加坡并列第二。The Israeli city of Tel Aviv topped the rankings for the first time, overtaking last year's leader Paris, which is now tied in second place with Singapore.Singapore (Photo: AFP)经济学人智库将特拉维夫市的指数飙升归结于食品杂货价格和交通费用的上涨，以及以色列谢克尔对美元汇率上涨。The EIU attributes Tel Aviv's sharp rise on the index to increases to grocery and transport prices and the strength of the Israeli shekel against the US dollar.2021全球生活成本指数追踪了全球173个城市的生活成本（比去年多了40个），并比较了200多种日常用品和服务的价格。The 2021 Worldwide Cost of Living index tracks the cost of living across 173 global cities -- 40 more than last year -- and compares the price of more than 200 everyday products and services.这项调查已经开展了三十多年，每年3月和9月经济学人智库的全球研究团队都会收集数据。Data for the survey, which has been carried out for more than three decades, is gathered by EIU's global team of researchers each March and September.全球生活成本指数以纽约市物价为基准，因此本币比美元坚挺的城市通常排名更靠前。The index is benchmarked against prices in New York City, hence cities with currencies that are stronger against the US dollar are likely to appear higher in the rankings.苏黎世和香港分别排在第四和第五位，去年巴黎、香港、苏黎世生活成本并列全球第一。生活成本排名前十的城市还有纽约、日内瓦、哥本哈根、洛杉矶和大阪。Zurich and Hong Kong are at Nos. four and five respectively, having held the top spot last year alongside Paris. New York, Geneva, Copenhagen, Los Angeles and Osaka round up the rest of the top 10.Hong Kong (Photo: AFP)欧洲城市和亚洲发达城市依然名列前茅。排名垫底的主要分布在中东、非洲和比较贫困的亚洲地区。The upper rankings continue to be dominated by European and developed Asian cities. The lowest-ranking cities are mainly in the Middle East, Africa and less wealthy parts of Asia.经济学人智库报告称，按照当地货币标准，该指数所涵盖的商品和服务价格和去年同期相比平均上升了3.5%，相比之下，去年同比仅上升1.9%。The EIU reports that, on average, prices for the goods and services covered by the index have risen by 3.5% year on year in local-currency terms, compared with an increase of just 1.9% this time last year.被广泛报道的全球供应链问题导致了物价上升。与此同时，新冠疫情和社交限制措施依然影响着世界各地的生产和贸易。眼下随着新变种毒株的蔓延引发普遍恐慌，这些问题不可能很快得到解决。Those much-reported global supply-chain problems have contributed to price rises and the Covid-19 pandemic and social restrictions are still affecting production and trade around the world. With a new coronavirus variant currently causing widespread alarm, these issues won't be going away in a hurry.据经济学人智库报告，原油价格上升导致无铅汽油价格上涨了21%，但是娱乐、烟草、个人护理等行业也出现了大幅涨价。Rising oil prices drove a 21% increase in the price of unleaded petrol, reports the EIU, but there were also big price hikes in the recreation, tobacco and personal care categories.2021年排名上升最快的城市是伊朗德黑兰，从去年的79名跃升50位至29名，原因是美国制裁导致物资短缺、物价高企。The highest-rising city in 2021 was the Iranian city of Tehran, which jumped 50 places from No.79 to No.29 as US sanctions resulted in shortages and higher prices.在长年战乱的重创下，经济不景气的叙利亚大马士革再度成为全球最便宜城市。大马士革和德黑兰2021年的通胀指数都非常高，委内瑞拉的加拉加斯和阿根廷的布宜诺斯艾利斯也同样遭遇了高通胀。The Syrian city of Damascus once again ranks as the cheapest city in the world, as its war-torn economy continues to struggle. Damascus and Tehran suffered from very high inflation in 2021, as did Caracas in Venezuela and Buenos Aires in Argentina.一起来看看这份全球生活成本最高城市榜单：
1. Tel Aviv, Israel 以色列特拉维夫2. (tie) Paris, France （并列第二）法国巴黎2. (tie) Singapore （并列第二）新加坡4. Zurich, Switzerland 瑞士苏黎世5. Hong Kong, China 中国香港6. New York City, New York 纽约7. Geneva, Switzerland 瑞士日内瓦8. Copenhagen, Denmark 丹麦哥本哈根9. Los Angeles, California 美国加州洛杉矶10. Osaka, Japan 日本大阪11. Oslo, Norway 挪威奥斯陆12. Seoul, South Korea 韩国首尔13. Tokyo, Japan 日本东京14. (tie) Vienna, Austria （并列第十四）奥地利维也纳14. (tie) Sydney, Australia （并列第十四）澳大利亚悉尼16. Melbourne, Australia 澳大利亚墨尔本17. (tie) Helsinki, Finland （并列第十七）芬兰赫尔辛基17. (tie) London, UK （并列第十七）英国伦敦19. (tie) Dublin, Ireland （并列第十九）爱尔兰都柏林19. (tie) Frankfurt, Germany（并列第十九）德国法兰克福19. (tie) Shanghai, China（并列第十九）中国上海