怎样写一篇作文？（19）
各位晚上好，这里是写作专栏的第十九期，关于专栏的介绍可见：怎样写一篇作文？
在英文写作怎样提升用词准确度？这篇文章中，我提到提升用词准确度需要多查词典，有一名读者问了一个问题：
但是有时候都不知道要用什么词语的时候怎么查字典呢？
这个问题几乎所有人都会遇到，解决的办法有一个：靠平时的积累。
如果你不是像菲茨杰拉德和海明威那样的大文学家，那么你在英文写作中应该尽量遵守一个原则：只写自己读过的或者听过的正确的英文，不要自己创造表达。比如“注意力持续时间”，它在英文中的说法是attention span，你在写作中应该遵守这种用法，而不是写成attention lasting time.
但做到这一点的前提是我们已经之前已经接触过该表达（不然就只能靠蒙），这要依靠平时的阅读积累。幸运的一点是，对于考场写作来说，类似attention span这样的主题词汇数量是有限的，数量大概在三四千个。平时只要多读外刊，多读范文，将这些词汇积累起来，那么我们考试中遇到的用词问题也会越来越少。
今天要分析的作文题目是：
Some people think giving aid to poorer countries brings more negatives than positives. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
这是读者投稿的版本：
习作/熊熊熊
The social and economic gap between the rich and poor countries is widening. Personally, whether it is beneficial for countries to aid their under-developed counterparts depends on the form of help.
On the positive side, international aid will benefit not only the recipients but also the donors. For one, the poorer countries receiving technical and financial aid can improve their infrastructure and social provisions. People in these areas will thus enjoy a better standard of life with access to better education, health care and advanced technologies. For another, the donor countries therefore set a positive role model and will earn respect and help from other nations with goodwill in the future. Eventually, a peaceful and cooperative global community can be formed, contributing to the well-being of all humans.
Nevertheless, some people might argue that financial assistance is often misused by poor countries where the government is already managing poorly. This can lead to more chaos, such as serious corruption, while the people suffer longer. Such argument may be true, so I would suggest that developed countries provide mainly technological help to avoid such concerns. For example, with easier access to the Internet introduced from the Silicon Valley in the US, citizens in impoverished regions can broaden their knowledge base and acquire essential skills through distance learning programs, securing themselves a more promising career prospect.
In conclusion, I believe that offering help to countries in need is undoubtedly significant, but it is the form of help that matters more. Technical help should come first for us to ensure a harmonious international society.
这是我的点评版本：
The social and economic socioeconomic gap between the rich and poor countries is widening. Personally, whether it is beneficial for countries to aid their under-developed counterparts depends on the form of help.
On the positive side, international aid will benefit not only the recipients but also the donors. For one, the poorer countries receiving technical and financial aid can improve their infrastructure and social provisions. People in these areas countries will thus enjoy a better standard of life with access to better education, health care and advanced technologies. For another, the donor countries therefore set a positive role model and will earn respect and help from other nations with good will in the future. Eventually, a peaceful and cooperative global community can be formed, contributing to the well-being of all humans.
Nevertheless, some people might argue that financial assistance is often misused by poor countries where the government is already managing poorly badly run. This can lead to more chaos, such as serious corruption, while their people suffer longer. Such an argument may be true is valid, so and I would suggest that developed countries provide mainly technological help to avoid such concerns. （题目仅仅是在问提供国际援助是否弊大于利，并没有要求我们探讨发达国家应该提供什么样的援助。）For example, with easier access to the Internet introduced from the Silicon Valley in the US, citizens in impoverished regions can broaden their knowledge base and acquire essential skills through distance learning programs, securing themselves a more promising career prospects.
In conclusion, I believe that offering help to countries in need is undoubtedly significant, but it is the form of help that matters more. Technical help should come first for us to ensure a harmonious international society community.
思路分析：
Some people think giving aid to poorer countries brings more negatives than positives. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
国际援助是否能真正对被救助国带来好处是近年来经常被讨论的话题。国际援助的出发点是好的，在很多情况下也确实帮助了不少国家。比如国际医疗援助减少了疾病在非洲的肆虐，帮助了全球很多遭受地震和洪水等自然灾害的国家。中国对非洲国家的基础设施援建也帮助他们发展了经济。
但另一方面，国际援助常常能带来很多负面影响，主要有以下几点：
（1）很多被援助国家政府管理混乱，腐败现象严重，国际援助常常被半路拦截，无法真正让人民受益。在一些战乱地区援助款项甚至会被用于购买武器，加剧地区冲突。
（2）国际援助也会冲击当地经济。一些国家的民众会养成依赖援助的习惯，不从事生产，导致被援助国的经济难以发展，陷入恶性循环中。
（3）很多欧美国家提供的援助还附带经济和政治条件，这可能会导致被援助国在经济和政治上被他国操纵，得不偿失。
下面是我写的一个版本，以供参考：
习作/魏剑峰
For decades, it has been common practice for rich countries to give aid to their poor counterparts. However, in recent years there has been a growing belief that international aid could be harmful to the recipients. I agree that giving aid to poor countries could do more harm than good.
It is true that foreign aid has some benefits. Poor countries can use financial aid to build infrastructure such as roads and schools, thereby facilitating economic growth. Millions of Africans now have access to clean water wells, built with aid money, when previously many of them got sick drinking filthy water. When natural disasters befall poor countries, it is common for the international community to send medical assistance and food to them, thus helping to relieve the suffering of those affected and save lives.
However, international aid has far more drawbacks. Around the globe poor countries are often troubled by poor governance, and it is likely that aid to these countries will end up being embezzled by corrupt officials, rather than bringing real, tangible benefits to people in need. In war-torn areas, financial assistance may even be used to purchase weapons and in effect exacerbate conflicts. Foreign aid also has the effect of disrupting the local markets of the recipient countries. When farmers can receive free food on a regular basis they may lose the incentives to grow food on their own. This will hinder the growth of the food industry and create a culture of dependence that is harmful to a country’s long-term development. Moreover, some foreign aid comes with strings attached, meaning that the recipients could be exploited economically and politically by the donors.
In summary, although international aid does have its positive aspects, these remain limited in both scope and scale. In many cases, giving aid to poor countries often defeats its purpose, and governments the world over should be prudent when it comes to sending and receiving aid.
本专栏下期要分析的作文题目是：
Leaders and directors in an organisation are normally older people. Some people think younger leaders would be better. Do you agree or disagree?
感兴趣的同学可以先思考如何写，然后对照下期的思路分析。建议有空的同学自己动笔写一篇。
本作文专栏长期接受读者投稿，感兴趣的同学可以将习作发到我的邮箱 jianfengscut@163.com，部分习作有机会得到点评。
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