【196天】阅读“折斩&哇斩”真题解析(2005Text2)(2017军火库第2期)

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补充说明：

/1.此次2017版对“折斩”和“哇斩”进行看较多的修正、补充和优化，特别是增加了“看宾语选答案”内容，详见真题解析。

/2.在套用“折斩(即只看转折句选答案)”时，若转折句同时也是引语或/和观点句，应优先锁定。

/3.在第1期军火库给出的示例中，转折句④不含转折词，但其句式结构暗示有转折之意，是隐性转折句。这类转折句判断难度稍大，不过在考研中很少出现。95%以上的转折句都是含转折词的显性转折句。后期小哇会给出有关隐性和显性转折句的完整总结。

真题示例：2005年英语(一)Text 2

注#1：关于“折斩”与“哇斩”的具体介绍详见第1期军火库。

注#2：蓝色背景字体是转折句。

[第1段]：①Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive(非决定性的,不确定的), the science uncertain? ②That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves(坟墓).(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第26题(标注红色的选项是答案)

An argument made by supporters of smoking was that

[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death(在抽烟和死亡的关系方面尚无科学依据)(哇斩：“no”表述过于绝对，排除A。另，在抽烟和死亡的关系方面是有科学依据的，A表述违背常识，排除A)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant(过去几十年因吸烟而死亡的数字无关紧要)

[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life(人们有选择自己生活方式的自由)(哇斩：题干问的是argument论点，论点一般表述抽象。ABD表述都比较具体，只有C表述相对抽象(“freedom”和“...way of life”都是表述抽象的词或短语)，答案选C。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense(反对吸烟的人往往是胡说八道)(哇斩：“talking nonsense”没有实质内容，不适于做“argument”，排除D)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第1段，该段中有转折句①②，其中②是隐性转折句(and前后表述强对比)。先看①，表面上看与选项A意思相似，但是，A中“no”表述过于绝对，而①中“didn't know for sure”表述不明确，所以A是错误选项。再看②(特别是“and”后面的内容)，正是选项C的同义替换，所以C是答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注#1]：也可看宾语选答案。②中唯一的宾语成分是“our way of life”，与此有关的选项只有C，所以C是答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注#2]：支持抽烟者“insisted”后面连跟了三个排比式宾语从句“that...；that...；that...”，则直接看最后一个从句，它是重心，这个从句正是转折句②。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注#3]：遇到排比式组句，直接看最后的句子即可，它是重心，是题眼。类似的例子还有2005Text1第2段中的“they…they…they… they…”，最后一个“they”引导的句子中“pay much closer attention to the value of ‘goods and services’”正是答案选项A中“weigh what they get”的同义替换。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第2段]：There are upsetting(令人心烦的) parallels(类似,类似的事情,相似物) today, as scientists in one wave after another(一波又一波地) try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel(专门小组) from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted(获得赞助) by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely(主要地,基本上) man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report: “Science never has all the answers. ③But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning(关于) the future consequences of present actions.”(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第27题(标注红色的选项是答案)

According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as

[A] a protector(一个保护者)

[B] a judge(一个法官)

[C] a critic(一个批评家)

[D] a guide(一个指导)(哇斩#1：题干主语“science”说的不是人，而选项ABC说的都是人，只有D不是，所以只有D与题干表述一致，答案选D。哇斩#2：题干主语“science”是一个抽象名词，而选项ABC都是表述较具体的名词，只有D表述相对抽象(或宽泛)，所以只有D与题干表述一致，答案选D。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第2段，该段中有转折句③。③中蓝色字体正是选项D的同义替换，所以D是答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注]：也可看宾语选答案。③中唯一的宾语成分是"important policies"，而“policies”都具有指导性，所以答案选D。(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第30题(标注红色的选项是答案)

The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because

[A] they both suffered from the government's negligence(两者都被政府忽视了)

[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former(吸烟的教训也适用于全球变暖)(哇斩#1：在考研阅读中，作者将两个看似无关的问题放在一起比较，往往是因为二者有相似性，可借鉴，所以B最像答案。哇斩#2：题干关键词“associate”说明“吸烟”与“全球变暖”这两个问题有相似性，这与B表述最一致，所以答案选B。哇斩#3：作者的观点或相信的内容往往带有正能量，而ACD都带有负能量，B强调的是借鉴，带有正能量，所以答案选B。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former(抽烟的后果加剧了全球变暖)(哇斩：抽烟不可能加剧全球变暖，C表述违背常识，排除C)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse(两者都是由糟糕变得更加糟糕)

[折斩]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第2段(题干关键词对应段首句中的“upsetting parallels”)，该段中有转折句③。③没有提供有效的答案线索，那么再看紧跟③后面的句子，即第3段第一句。此句中“Just as on smoking”指出了“smoking”与“global warming”有相似性，这与选项B(后者的教训适用于前者)的表述最接近，所以答案是B。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注]：如果从转折句本身找不出答案，可再看紧跟转折句后面的句子，从此句通常能找出答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第3段]：Just as on smoking, voice now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes(污气) into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent(谨慎的) people would take out an insurance policy now.(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第4段]：Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. ④But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously(take...seriously：重视,认真对待). Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press(敦促) for more research - a classic case of “paralysis(瘫痪,麻痹) by analysis”.(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第28题(标注红色的选项是答案)

What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4)?

[A] Endless studies kill action(无休止的研究废除了行动)(哇斩#1：“studies”对应题干中的“analysis”，A是备选答案。哇斩#2：题干中“paralysis”表述贬义，四个选项中AC表述贬义，所以答案在AC中选。而A中“studies”对应题干中“analysis”，所以答案选A)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[B] Careful investigation reveals truth(仔细的调查会揭示真相)

[C] Prudent planning hinders progress(谨慎的计划会阻碍进步)

[D] Extensive research helps decision-making(广泛的研究有助于决策)(哇斩#1：“research”对应题干中的“analysis”，D是备选答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩]：参照魔图。很明显，该题定位第4段，该段中有转折句④。④是一个“but...instead...”结构的转折句，重心是instead后面的内容。④中“Instead”引导的句子正是选项A的同义替换，其中“continue to press for more research”是A中“Endless studies”的同义替换，“Instead of a plan of action”是A中“kill action”的同义替换，所以A是答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[哇斩#1]：A中“studies”与D中“research”都对应题干中的analysis，都是从事脑力活，不过“studies”更甚些(因为research还有调查的意思，是体力活)，所以A是答案。不看文章，直接选出答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第5段]：To serve as responsible stewards(乘务员) of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. ⑤But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration(政府,行政部门) won't take the legislative(立法的) initiative(举措,行动), Congress should help to begin fashioning(推广) conservation measures(环保措施). A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives(激励,鼓励) for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound(健全的,彻底的,充分的).(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第29题(标注红色的选项是答案)

According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?

[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants(提供资助来建造更环保的发电厂)(哇斩：表述过于具体，排除A)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[B] Raise public awareness of conservation(提高人们对环保的认识)

[C] Press for further scientific research(促进进一步的科学研究)

[D] Take some legislative measures(采取一些司法措施)(哇斩#1：西方社会是法制社会，法律往往是优先选择的解决方案，所以答案选D。哇斩#2：相对于选项A(经济资助)、B(提升环保认识)、C(促进科学研究)，司法建设更应该是政府做的事情(而且只能由政府来做)，D与题干关键词“Administration(政府)”表述最接近，所以答案选D。哇斩#3：相对于选项A(经济资助)、B(提升环保认识)、C(促进科学研究)，司法措施即可短期见效，又有长期效用，是最佳措施，所以答案选D。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第5段，该段中有转折句⑤。很明显，C与⑤表述对立，所以C是错误选项。再看紧跟⑤后面的句子(见蓝色字体)，其中“take the legislative initiative”正是选项D的同义替换，所以D是答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注#1]：也可看宾语选答案。紧跟⑤后面的句子中有两个宾语成分，分别是“the legislative initiative”和“conservation measures”。其中前一个宾语成分的主语是“the Administration”，与题干一致；后一个宾语成分的主语是“Congress”，与题干不一致，所以答案应选与“the legislative initiative”有关的选项，是D。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注#2]：此题四个选项内容可以作为大作文中措施(最后一段)的写作思路。

至此，全部5道题都可“只看转折句”和“哇斩”选出答案。

掌握了“折斩”和“哇斩”绝技，你绝对是超级考霸！

附：文中考到的熟词僻意

说明：答案词是指词义理解影响答案选择的对错，很重要。

/parallel：类似,类似的事情,相似物(30题答案词)

/initiative：举措,行动(29题答案词)

/sound：健全的,彻底的,充分的

图表作文表达方式完美汇总(收藏)

注：用于英语二，英语一考生也请重视。

第一，各类图表的英语表达

图表：graph, chart

曲线图：curve graph, line chart

柱状图：column graph, bar chart

饼状图：pie chart

数据表：table(微信号：kaoyanx)

第二，图表数据的种类

figure：数字

number：数量，数字

data：数据，信息

statistic：统计数据

proportion：比例(微信号：kaoyanx)

percentage：百分比

第三，数据变化及表达方式

/1.不变

保持不变，基本不变：remain level, remain unchanged

数据固定不变：fixed in time(微信号：kaoyanx)

稳定(趋向平缓)：remain stable, remain steady, stabilize, level off

例：The rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in August.(上升两个星期后，8月份开始平稳)

/2.变化(注：通常用过去式)

增加/上升/提高：increase, raise, rise, on the rise, grow，go up, clibe, mount, expand, ascend(微信号：kaoyanx)

骤增/猛增/剧增：leap, jump, soar, rocket, skyrocket, surge, proliferate, explode

减少/下降：decrease, grow down, drop, dip, fall, descend, decline, on the decline, reduce, lessen, go down, slide, dwindle, shrink, sink(微信号：kaoyanx)

骤降/暴跌：slump, nosedive, plummet, plunge, collapse, dive

波动：fluctuate, undulate, wave, vary, rise and fall, go up and down

/3.表变化程度

迅速的，飞快的：rapid/rapidly

戏剧性的，生动的：dramatic/dramatically

有意义的，重大的，重要的：significant/significantly(微信号：kaoyanx)

锐利的，明显的，急剧的：sharp/sharply

急剧(升降)的：steep/steeply(微信号：kaoyanx)

稳固的，稳步的：steady/steadily

适度的：moderate/moderately

稳定的：stable/stably(微信号：kaoyanx)

渐进的，逐渐的：gradual/gradually

缓慢的，不活跃的：slow/slowly

轻微的，略微的：slight/slightly

显著，大幅度：considerably/enormously/profoundly/substantially(微信号：kaoyanx)

明显趋势：noticeable trend

/4.表比较

占50%比例：account for 50 percent, make up 50 percent

占...的20%：make up 20% of

位居第一：rank the first, top the list, head the chart(微信号：kaoyanx)

仅次于：be second to

居第二位(第二大部份)：in second spot, rank the second, the second largest section(微信号：kaoyanx)

倒数第一：is the last one

与...相比：compared with, by contrast, likewise

A与B成比例：A be in proportion to B

/5.其他

平均：mean, average(微信号：kaoyanx)

由...组成：consist of, be made up of, be composed of

合计200美元：add up to $200

从...增加到...：rose/grew/climbed from...to...

增加到：grew up to(微信号：kaoyanx)

增至最高峰：rise to a high of

减少到：decrease to

跌至最低谷：drop to a low of

差不多：about, around, roughly

多达：as many as(微信号：kaoyanx)

正好：exactly, precisely(微信号：kaoyanx)

上升后变得平稳：reach a plateau

达到顶点/低谷：reach the top/peak, fall to the bottom(微信号：kaoyanx)

某年发生的变化：1998 saw/witnessed a sharp increase in...

是2000年的2倍：was twice as many as that in 2000

未完待续...

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