【186天】阅读大杀器:折斩&哇斩(升级版)(2017军火库第12期)
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真题示例:2006年英语(一)Text 1
注#1:关于“折斩”与“哇斩”的具体介绍详见第1期军火库(回复1查阅)。
注#2:蓝色背景字体是转折句。
[第1段]:①In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing(均质化) people. There is “the democratizing(民主化) uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness(随意) and absence of deference(尊重)” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant(优雅的) atmosphere.” ②Instead of intimate(亲密的,私人的) shops catering to(满足) “a knowledgeable(有学识的) elite(精英),” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.” This turned shopping into a public and democratic act(行为). The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.(微信号:kaoyanx)
/第21题(标注红色的选项是答案)
The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means
[A] identifying(识别)
[B] associating(联合)
[C] assimilating(同化)(哇斩#1:先看BC,“联合”与“同化”都有趋同的意思,可视为近义词,命题人明显是在BC中设置答案,所以答案应在BC中选。再看AC,既然“同化”就很难“识别”,所以AC明显表述矛盾,命题人明显是在AC中设置答案,所以答案应在AC中选。综上所述,答案是C。哇斩#2:在这五道题的题干中,重复出现的关键词是“immigrants(移民)”,可认定为主旨词,与其表述最相关的话题是“同化”,即选项C,而且,第25题题干中“the absorption of immigrants into American society”说的正是“同化”,所以答案选C。不看文章,直接选出答案)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[D] monopolizing(垄断)
[折斩]:参照魔图。很明显,此题定位第1段,该段中有转折句①②。先看①,很容易看出,其前后句表述对立,“homogenizing”必然与上文的“difference”意思相反,所以答案选C。再看②,其转折部分引号中的内容“anyone could enter, regardless of class or background”与选项AD对立(既然“不分阶层或社会背景”,就没有任何区分性和特殊性,就不存在“识别”和“垄断”),与选项B无关,与选项C表述比较一致(都具有同质性),所以答案选C。(微信号:kaoyanx)
[注]:在五道题的题干中,若含有一些意思相同或相近、或表述同一概念范畴、或重复出现的关键词,这些词通常是主旨词,与主旨词表述最接近的选项就是答案。(微信号:kaoyanx)
/第22题(标注红色的选项是答案)
According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century
[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture(在传播大众文化中发挥了作用)(哇斩#1:作者说过去的事,而且说的是具体事物“store”,肯定不是就事论事,而是为了说明作者的观点。在四个选项中,只有A表述更具有概括性和抽象性,更像是观点,所以答案选A。哇斩#2:A中“popular”与B中“common”是同义词,命题人明显是在AB中设置答案,所以答案应在AB中选。题干说的是具体事物“store”,那么答案不应再是具体事物,而应具有概括性和抽象性(这是命题原则之一)。而B说的是“shop”,等同于“store”,所以排除B,答案选A。不看文章,直接选出答案)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[B] became intimate shops for common consumers(成为了供普通消费者消费的个人商店)
[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite(满足了有学识的精英人士的需求)
[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption(它的出现应归功于消费的文化)(哇斩#3:D说的是“文化对store的影响”,A说的是“store对文化的影响”,所以AD在因果关系上表述对立,答案应在AD中选。而根据哇斩#2,答案应在AB中选。所以答案是A。不看文章,直接选出答案)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[折斩]:参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第1段(见绿色字体),该段中有转折句①②。①在第21题中已用,先看②。②强调的是“anyone could enter, regardless of class or background”,据此不是那么容易找到答案。再看紧跟②后面的句子(蓝色字体),其中“public and democratic act”与A中“popular culture”是同义替换,所以A是答案。其实,②中“anyone could enter, regardless of class or background”说明是大众的,与A中“popular”是同义替换,所以A是答案。(微信号:kaoyanx)
[第2段]:③Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common(大众的) culture, which may not be altogether elevating(提升) but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today's immigration is neither at unprecedented(空前的) level nor resistant to assimilation(同化). In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices(index的复数) of assimilation - language, home ownership and intermarriage(异族通婚).(微信号:kaoyanx)
/第23题(标注红色的选项是答案)
The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.
[A] are resistant to homogenization(拒斥同化)(哇斩#3:移民拒绝融入当地社会必然对自己不利,也不符合当今社会发展主流,A违背常识,排除A)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[B] exert a great influence on American culture(对美国文化施加了很大的影响)(哇斩#3:移民不可能对美国文化施加很大的影响,B违背常识,排除B)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture(对大众文化几乎不构成威胁)(哇斩#1:题干中“suggests”是“暗示”之意,是含蓄的表述,非直接说明;C中“threat”也只是“威胁”之意,并未产生实际结果,二者表述都不明确,所以答案选C。哇斩#2:如果B成立,那么对大众文化肯定构成威胁,所以BC表述对立,答案在BC中选。而B违背常识,所以答案选C。不看文章,直接选出答案)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[D] constitute the majority of the population(占据人口的大多数)(哇斩#3:现在美国的移民只占人口的很小部分,D违背常识,排除D)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[折斩]:参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第2段(见绿色字体),该段中有转折句③。③强调的是移民融入大众文化几乎没有什么危害,这与选项C表述一致(转折部分中“poisonous”与C中“threat”是同义替换),所以答案选C。(微信号:kaoyanx)
[注#1]:题干中“now”是一个非常明显的定位词,对应段中的“today”和“now”。(微信号:kaoyanx)
[注#2]:根据哇斩#3,选项ABD都违背常识,所以答案选C。
[第3段]:The 1990 Census(人口调查) revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence(居住).” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard(墓地)” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.(微信号:kaoyanx)
[第4段]:Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.(微信号:kaoyanx)
[第5段]:Rodriguez notes(认为,指出) that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, ④yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune(不受影响的) to the nation's assimilative power.”(微信号:kaoyanx)
/第24题(标注红色的选项是答案)
Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
[A] To prove their popularity around the world(为了证明他们在全世界很受欢迎)
[B] To reveal the public's fear of immigrants(为了表明公众对移民的恐惧)
[C] To give examples of successful immigrants(为了举出成功移民的范例)(哇斩:表述过于肤浅,排除C)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture(为了展示美国文化的强大影响力)(哇斩:举例是为了支持作者观点,而非就事论事。在四个选项中,只有D表述更具有概括性和抽象性,更像是观点,所以答案选D。此题与上面的第22题类似。不看文章,直接选出答案)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[折斩]:参照魔图。很明显,此题定位第5段,该段中有转折句④。④说的是同化力(the nation's assimilative power)的影响。该句结构是“fear...immune to...”,是双重否定,意思是移民们确实受到了美国同化力的影响,这与选项D表述一致(其中“immune(不受影响的)”与D中“influence”是反义替换),所以答案是D。(微信号:kaoyanx)
[注#1]:双重否定往往是考点,其中第二个否定后的内容是题眼。(微信号:kaoyanx)
[注#2]:也可看宾语选答案。转折句④中的宾语成分是“somehow immune to the nation's assimilative power”,与D说的都是“同化”的话题,表述最接近,所以答案选D。(微信号:kaoyanx)
[第6段]:Are there divisive(分裂的,分歧的) issues and pockets(小块地区) of seething(沸腾的,动荡的) anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. ⑤But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent(动荡不安的) past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating(恶化,变坏) social environment.(微信号:kaoyanx)
/第25题(标注红色的选项是答案)
In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is
[A] rewarding(有益的)
[B] successful(成功的)(哇斩:该题放在最后问,显然是就文章末段结论或主旨来问的,答案应具有结果导向。在四个选项中,AD说的都是属性,BC说的都是结果,所以答案在BC中选。而C排除,所以答案选B。不看文章,直接选出答案)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[C] fruitless(毫无成果的)(哇斩:作者相信的内容往往带有正能量,而C表述负面,排除C)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[D] harmful(有害的)(哇斩:作者相信的内容往往带有正能量,而D表述过于负面,排除D)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[折斩]:参照魔图。此题是态度题,考查的是主旨,所以可以用主旨题的分析方法,即综合所有的转折句来进行分析。
(1)转折句①强调的是美国社会的同化,而非差异;
(2)转折句③强调的是移民融入大众文化没有什么危害;
(3)转折句④强调的是有些美国人的担心是多余的,移民们确实受到了美国同化力的影响;
(4)转折句⑤强调的是如今的社会环境并不是一片黑暗和每况愈下。
所有这些都说明移民融入美国社会是比较成功的,所以答案选B。(微信号:kaoyanx)
[注]:对于主旨题和态度题,往往没有定位词,可以综合所有的转折句逐一来进行分析。(微信号:kaoyanx)
至此,全部5道题都可“只看转折句”和“哇斩”选出答案。
掌握了“折斩”和“哇斩”绝技,你绝对是超级考霸!
附:immune考查说明
/1.完形:immnue在英语(二)完形选项中还从未出现过。immnue在英语(一)1991至2016年完形选项中出现过2次(2004年28题和2012年6题),当选0次,(微信号:kaoyanx)具体如下:
2004年第28题(答案D)
[A].immune
[B].resistant
[C].sensitive
[D].subject
2012年第6题(答案B)
[A].resistant
[B].subject
[C].immune
[D].prone
注意:这两道题的选项中都有immune、subject、resistant,而且答案都是subject。(subject在完形中是高频当选词,考查的都是短语:subject to)(微信号:kaoyanx)
/2.阅读。immnue在英语(一)和英语(二)的阅读PartA选项中分别出现过一次,但其所在选项都未当选。这两次分别是:
(1)英语(一)2010年29题,考点是:immune to(不受...的影响)
(2)英语(二)2010年36题,考点是:immune from(免除,豁免)
考研阅读高频话题词汇(法律类)
注:以下是小哇整理的法律类词汇,对做法律背景的阅读很有帮助,务必熟记。
accusation:控告
acquit:宣判无罪
amend:修正(微信号:kaoyanx)
amnesty:特赦
appeal:上诉
apprehend:拘押,逮捕
arbiter:仲裁者
arbitration:仲裁,调停
attorney:律师
authorize:授权(微信号:kaoyanx)
autonomous:自治的
bureaucracy:官僚
bureaucratic:官僚主义的
chancellor:首席法官
client:诉讼委托人
civil law:民法(微信号:kaoyanx)
citizenry:公民,国民
code:法规,法典
confinement:关押,禁闭
congressman:国会议员
consideration:约因(合约是订约方自愿建立的法律关系,是一方以有价值的代价或者承诺以换取对方的承诺或代价,这些合约中的承诺或代价称为约因)
constitution:宪法
convict:宣判有罪
council:委员会
court:法院(微信号:kaoyanx)
court of appeal:中级法院
custody:拘留;监管(Custody of Children,是指对未成年子女的监护权)
criminal law:刑法
declare:宣告
decree:法庭判令(可分成暂时性判令“decree nisi” 和永久性判令 “decree absolute”)(微信号:kaoyanx)
deed:契约
defence:抗辩
defendant:被告
defender:辩护人(微信号:kaoyanx)
defuse:缓合,平息
elitism:杰出人物统治论,精英论
enforce:实施,使生效
established international practice:国际惯例
federal government:联邦政府
Fiduciary Duty:诚信责任
hierarchy:等级制度
illicit:非法的
indemnity:赔偿;赔偿金
in-house counsel:内部法律顾问
institution:制度(微信号:kaoyanx)
intellectual property right:知识产权
judgement:审判
judicial:司法的
judiciary:司法部
jury:陪审团
lawsuit:诉讼
legal ground:法律依据
legal liability:法律义务
legislation:立法(微信号:kaoyanx)
legislative:立法的;立法权;立法机关
legislature:立法机构;立法机关
legitimate:合法的
litigant:诉讼当事人
litigation:诉讼
lobby:游说团(微信号:kaoyanx)
municipal:市政的
offense:犯罪
parliament(=congress):国会,议会
parliamentary debates:议会辩论
pending:未决的
period terminate:截止日期
petition:请愿
plaintiff:(民事)原告
plead:申诉,辩护
privilege:特权(微信号:kaoyanx)
probation:试用(期);缓刑(期);查看
public prosecutor:检查官
reconciliation:和解
repatriate:遣返
Representative:众议院议员
ruling:(法官等)裁定
secretary:部长(微信号:kaoyanx)
self-evident principle:不言自明的法则
self-governing:自治的,自我管理的
senate:参议院
senator:参议员
statute:成文法
stipulation:条文,规定
subpoena:传票
suit:起诉(微信号:kaoyanx)
suitor:(刑事)原告
suspension:中止,悬而未决
The Capitol:国会大厦
the House of Representative:下议院
the Senate:上议院(微信号:kaoyanx)
undersecretary:次长
validity:有效性,合法性
verdict:(陪审团)裁定
violation:违犯
未完待续...
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