【斩字诀】阅读大杀器(2017升级版)真题解析(英语一2007Text1)

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真题示例：2007年英语(一)Text 1

注#1：关于“折斩”与“哇斩”的具体介绍详见第1期军火库(回复1查阅)。

注#2：蓝色背景字体是转折句。

[第1段]：If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament(比赛,锦标赛), you would most likely find a noteworthy(值得注意的) quirk(奇事,巧合): elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced(明显的,显著的).(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第21题(标注红色的选项是答案)

The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to

[A] stress the importance of professional training(强调专业训练的重要性)(哇斩#1：只是说“the importance”，表述片面，不如C中“the topic of what...”表述宽泛，所以排除A)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup(聚焦关注世界杯比赛中的足球超级明星)(哇斩#1：含表述过于具体的关键词“soccer”和“World Cup”，排除B)

[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance(引出出色表现的决定性因素这一话题)(哇斩#1：作者提及“The birthday phenomenon”，肯定不是就事论事，而是为了引出主题。在四个选项中，只有C表述更具有概括性和抽象性，更像是主题，所以答案选C。哇斩#2：选项AC之间存在支持关系，即“因为A(强调职业训练的重要性)所以C(成就了优异表现)”，所以答案选C。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others(解释一些足球队表现更佳的原因)(哇斩#1：含表述过于具体的关键词“soccer”，排除D)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第1段(见绿色字体)，但是段中及该段附近均没有转折句。因为此题是例证题，考查的是主旨，所以可以用主旨题的分析方法，即综合所有的转折句进行分析。转折句①(见第4段)强调的是“有意练习”需要“setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome”，转折句②(见第5段)强调的是“expert performers”是后天练就的。其中②强调的内容正是选项C中“what makes expert performance”的答案，所以答案选C。注：②强调的内容也与第25题选项C(熟能生巧)表述一致，所以第25题答案选C。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[哇斩#3]：题干中“phenomenon”与C中“introduce”是典型的搭配(常见于例证题)，所以答案选C。(有关“题干与选项的固定搭配”详见第1期军火库)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注]：关于支持关系详见前几期军火库介绍。

[第2段]：What might account for(说明,解释) this strange phenomenon？Here are a few guesses(猜测,推断): a) certain astrological(占星术的) signs confer(授予,赋予) superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina(体力,耐力); c) soccer-mad(狂热的球迷) parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第22题(标注红色的选项是答案)

The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means

[A] fun(好玩)(哇斩：该词过于简单，过于简单的词通常不选，故排除A)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[B] craze(狂热)(哇斩：“craze”既有点“歇斯底里”，也有“激动”，含义更丰富更深刻，所以答案选B。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[C] hysteria(歇斯底里)(哇斩：带有明显的贬义，优先排除C)

[D] excitement(激动)

[折斩]：此题不适于套用“折斩”，只能通过上下文找答案。特别注意，上文的“soccer-mad”与“soccer mania”都是做定语修饰词，彼此对应，这就提醒我们应该首选“mad”的同义词，所以答案选B。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第3段]：Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes(观点词) strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to(转向,切换至) psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved(包含,关于,涉及) memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject(实验对象), after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第4段]：This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically(遗传地) determined, led Ericsson to conclude(观点词，表主旨) that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive(认知的,有感知的) exercise than an intuitive(直觉的) one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize(记忆), those differences are swamped(淹没,超越) by how well each person “encodes(编码)” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully(意味深长地,有目的地), Ericsson determined, was a process(过程,进程。注：该词是答案词) known as deliberate(深思熟虑的) practice. Deliberate practice entails(需要,使...成为必须) more than simply repeating a task. ①Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate(立即的,即时的) feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第23题(标注红色的选项是答案)

According to Ericsson good memory

[A] depends on meaningful processing of information(取决于对信息进行有意义的加工处理)(哇斩#1：题干中“good”与A中“meaningful”都是褒义词(注：其他选项中没有褒义词)，在词性上表述一致，所以答案选A。哇斩#2：A含答案词“process”，优先考虑答案选A。注意：“process(过程,进程;加工,处理)”若出现在文章中，其所在句子通常是答案出处，或提供了答案线索；若出现在选项中，通常是答案。其根本原因是，“process”是一个表述宽泛，具有概括性和抽象性的词汇，符合答案特征。哇斩#3：B强调的是“直觉”，C强调的是“基因”，显然都没有A强调的“信息加工处理”表述的意思更丰富，所以排除BC。而D中“总结反馈”明显是“加工处理”的一种表现，所以A表述比D具有概括性和抽象性。所以答案选A。哇斩#4：A中“depend on”与C中“be determined by”是近义，命题人明显是在AC中设置答案，所以答案应在AC中选。而C表述相对具体，而且C强调的是先天因素，作为一种科学研究结论不具有扩展性，不适于做答案，所以答案选A。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises(源于直觉而不是感觉)

[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors(由基因而非其他心理因素所决定)

[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration(需要及时的总结反馈和高度的集中精力)

[折斩]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)及自然段顺序定位法则定位第3、4段(见绿色字体)，因为第21、22、24题问的分别是第1、2、5段。其中第4段有转折句①。①中“it”指代“Deliberate practice”，它与A中“meaningful processing”是同义替换，所以答案选A。另，①中“setting”、“obtaining”和“concentrating”属于A中“processing(加工处理)”的范畴，从这个角度也可判断A是答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注]：D基本是原文复现，原文复现通常不是答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第5段]：Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to(开始从事) studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits(职业,工作), including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance(表现) statistics(统计数据) and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers(有成就的人). Their work makes a rather startling(是态度词，是题眼，隐藏着24/25题答案。参考第21期军火库) assertion(主张,断言)(观点词，表主旨)：the trait(特征,特性) we commonly call talent is highly overrated(高估). ②Or, put another way, expert performers(表演者) - whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming - are nearly always made, not born.(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第24题(标注红色的选项是答案)

Ericsson and his colleagues believe that

[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success(天赋是职业成功的关键因素)(哇斩#1：根据常识，成功的关键因素应该是后天努力，而非天赋，所以A表述错误，排除A)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance(生平资料里含有决定出色表现的关键因素)(哇斩#1：题干中“believe”表述的是观点，具有概括性和抽象性，而B中“biographical data”表述过于具体，排除B)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked(天赋的作用往往被忽略)(哇斩#1：题干中“believe”表述的观点应该是确定的，这与C中“tends to”表述的不确定性相矛盾，排除C)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture(杰出人物的成功主要来自后天的培养)(哇斩#1：排除ABC，答案选D。哇斩#2：A中“a dominating factor”与D中“owe...to”是近义，而且AD表述意思相反，命题人明显是在AD中设置答案，所以答案应在AD中选。而A违背常识，所以答案选D。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第5段(见绿色字体)，该段中有转折句②。②中“nearly always made, not born”正是选项D中“nurture”的同义替换，所以答案选D。(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第25题(标注红色的选项是答案)

Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey？

[A] “Faith will move mountains.”(“信心齐，泰山移。”或“精诚所至，金石为开。”)

[B] “One reaps what one sows.”(“一分耕耘一分收获。”或“种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。”)

[C] “Practice makes perfect.”(“熟能生巧。”)(哇斩：通常，文章主旨应带有正能量，而AC明显带有正能量(A说的是信心的力量，C说的是熟(即“实践”)的力量)，答案应在AC中选。A强调的是“faith(信心)”，是一种精神，而C强调的是“practice(练习,实践)”，是一个过程词，而表述过程的往往是答案，所以答案选C。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[D] “Like father, like son.”(“有其父必有其子。”)

[折斩]：参照魔图。同第21题解析。

至此，全部5道题中除了第22题，其余4道题都可“只看转折句”选出答案。

全部5道题都可“哇斩”选出答案。

掌握了“折斩”和“哇斩”绝技，你绝对是超级考霸！

未完待续...

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