【斩字诀】阅读大杀器(2017升级版)真题解析(英语一2007Text2)

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真题示例：2007年英语(一)Text 2

注#1：关于“折斩”与“哇斩”的具体介绍详见第1期军火库(回复1查阅)。

注#2：蓝色背景字体是转折句。

[第1段]：For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement(增刊;补充;附录) Parade has featured(特写,给显著地位) a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query(提问,询问) Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 - the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal(文字的) and visual(视觉的,图像的) analogies(类比), to envision(想像) paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences(序列), among other similar tasks(划线内容“ask you to...to...and to...”是独立意群，是题眼，是26题答案出处). So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields(回答,处理) such queries from the average(普通的) Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What's the difference between love and fondness(爱好,喜欢)? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence(巧合)? It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize(想像) objects and to figure out(算出,推测) numerical patterns(模式;图案) suits one to answer questions that have eluded(困惑;逃避) some of the best poets and philosophers.(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第26题(标注红色的选项是答案)

Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?

[A] Answering philosophical questions(回答哲学问题)(哇斩2：据常识判断，智力测试不会涉及哲学问题，A违背常识，排除A)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes(把纸折成或剪成不同形状)(哇斩2：“Folding or cutting”说的是动手能力，与题干说的“intelligence(智力)”不是一回事，排除B。而且，据常识判断，智力测试通常不会涉及“纸的折叠或剪裁”，B违背常识，也应排除B)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts(辨别某些概念之间的区别)(哇斩2：“certain ”表述模糊，排除C)

[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones(选出与所给单词或图形相似的单词或图形)(哇斩#1：题干问的是“在智力测试中下面哪一些是需要做的”，显然答案是越具体越明确越好。在四个选项中，BD表述都相对具体，答案应在BD中选。B强调的是动手能力，与智力不是一回事；而根据D的表述，显然需要经过大脑的分析判断，强调的是智力，所以答案选D。哇斩#2：排除ABC，答案选D。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第1段(见绿色字体)(注：第3、4段也有题干关键词，但是第27题问的是第3段，根据“自然段顺序命题原则”，第26题应定位第1段)。该段中及该段附近都没有转折句，该段中也没有引语和观点句，此时，应看文章中其他地方的转折句，有①②③。首先看①，与四个选项均无关。再看②，很容易发现，②中“verbal”与D中“words”是同义替换，所以答案选D。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注#1]：如果某段中及该段附近没有转折句，再看该段中是否有引语和观点句，通过它们找答案。如果也没有，再看文章中其他地方的转折句。具体请参照上面的操作流程图。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注#2]：也可看宾语选答案。转折句②中强调内容的宾语成分是“analytical and verbal skills”，与D表述最接近，所以答案选D。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第2段]：Clearly(表征作者态度，是支持), intelligence(智力。注意区分intelligent(聪明的,明智的)) encompasses(包含) more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified(指定,详细说明), and how much can we learn about it from neurology(神经学), genetics, computer science and other fields?(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第3段]：The defining(给...下定义;解释) term of intelligence in humans still seems to be(表征作者态度，是反对) the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily(主要地) in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children's version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations(变化;变异) of them populate(占据,充斥) bookstores and World Wide Web. ①Superhigh scores like vos Savant's are no longer(否定小词“no longer”是题眼) possible, because scoring is now(时间词“now”是题眼) based on a statistical population distribution(分布) among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological(实龄的) age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized(标准化的) tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第27题(标注红色的选项是答案)

What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3？

[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence(人们不再用智力测试分数作为智力的指标)(哇斩：“no longer”表述绝对化，排除A)

[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet(互联网上现在有更多版本的IQ测试)(哇斩：表述内容太浅显，排除B)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different(针对成人和儿童的测试内容和形式可能有所不同)(哇斩：题干问的是“infer(推测)”，而在四个选项中只有C含带有推测语气的关键词“may”，用词严谨，与题干表述一致，所以答案选C。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence(科学家们已经明确了人类智力中的重要因素)(哇斩：“have defined”是明显肯定句式，排除D)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩#1]：参照魔图。很明显，此题定位第3段，该段中有转折句①。①强调的是打分是“based on a statistical population distribution among age peers(基于同龄人的统计学人口分布状况)”，意即：针对非同龄人的打分是不一样的，与C表述一致，所以答案选C。或者，简单一点考虑，采用沾边原则，即：在四个选项中，只有C中“adults and children”与①中“age”沾边(有关联，因为既说到成年人，又说到儿童，属于不同的年龄层次)，所以答案选C。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩#2]：ABCD的表述对象(见下划线)分别是“IQ scores”、“IQ tests”、“The test contents and formats”和“human intelligence”，而①的表述对象是“scoring(打分)”，与C的表述对象“The test contents and formats”最接近(因为是基于内容和形式进行打分)，所以答案选C。(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第28题(标注红色的选项是答案)

People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant's because

[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures(这些分数通过不同的计算模式得出)(哇斩：题干表述对象是“IQ scores”，在四个选项中，只有A的表述对象(“the scores”)与其一致，所以答案选A。另，题干“achieve”对应A“obtain”。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now(现在更强调创造能力而不是分析能力)

[C] vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat(Savant的例子是一个不会再现的极端个案)(哇斩：含例子“vos Savant”，表述过于具体，排除C。注意，题干中给出的例子不可能再出现在答案选项中)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed(定义IQ测试的特征已经改变)

[折斩]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第3段(见绿色字体)，该段中有转折句①。①强调的是“based on a statistical population distribution among age peers(基于同龄人的统计学人口分布状况)”，其中“statistical population distribution among age peers”与A中“computational procedures”是同义替换(它们属于同一概念范畴)，所以答案选A。（注意：①中“rather than”后面的内容与A中“computational procedures”也是同义替换）(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第4段]：Such standardized tests may not assess(评估) all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent(明智的) Is Intelligence Testing?”, ②Sternberg notes(注意,发现;认为)(“note”是观点词) that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to(否定小词“fail to”是题眼) measure(测量) creativity(创造力) and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. ③Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated(有关联) with leadership - that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who bas toiled(苦干) through SAT will testify that test-taking(应试) skill also matters, whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions of skip.(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第29题(标注红色的选项是答案)

We can conclude from the last paragraph that

[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one's ability(测试分数可能不是反映一个人能力的可靠指标)(哇斩#1：题干问法“conclude”应该具有概括性和抽象性，而A中“reliable indicators”和“ability”表述的都比较抽象，与题干表述一致，答案选A。哇斩#2：选项A既表述否定又表述委婉(含“may”)，所以优先选A为答案。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated(IQ分数与SAT结果密切相关)(哇斩#1：题干问法“conclude”应该具有概括性和抽象性，而“SAT”表述过于具体，排除B)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork(测试中涉及许多猜测行为)(哇斩#1：题干问法“conclude”应该具有概括性和抽象性，而“a lot of guesswork(猜想工作)”表述较具体，排除C。另，据常识判断，IQ测试不会涉及许多猜测行为，C违背常识，排除C)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[D] traditional tests are out of date(传统的测试已经过时)

[折斩#1]：参照魔图。很明显，此题定位第4段，该段中有两个转折句，是②和③。因为②还是观点句(由“note”引导)，所以优先看②。根据②强调的内容(即“but”后面的内容)，很容易选出A是答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩#2]：②中“fail to measure”与A中“not be reliable indicators”是同义替换，所以答案选A。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注]：“fail to”若出现在文章中，很多时候被命题人设置为题眼，其本身是答案选项的同义替换词，或者其所在句子(或与其相邻的句子)会提供答案线索。(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第30题(标注红色的选项是答案)

What is the author's attitude towards IQ tests？

[A] Supportive(支持的)(哇斩#1：在态度题中，“Supportive”是答案的可能性较小，可优先排除)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[B] Skeptical(怀疑的)(哇斩#1：在四个选项中，AB表述对立，答案应在AB中选。而在态度题中，“Supportive”是答案的可能性较小，所以优先选B为答案。哇斩#2：前面四道题的答案分别是DCAA，而每篇阅读的答案当选模式通常是1112模式，还缺少个B没选，所以此题答案应选B。不看文章，直接选出答案)(关于阅读答案的当选模式，后期会有详细介绍，请随时关注)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[C] Impartial(公平的)

[D] Biased(有偏见的)(哇斩#1：是永陪选项，排除。详见第20期军火库说明)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩]：参照魔图。此题是态度题，考查的是主旨，所以可以用主旨题的分析方法，即综合所有的转折句来进行分析。

（1）转折句②强调的是智商测试“fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge(不能评估创造能力和实践知识)”。

（2）转折句③强调的是在压力大的环境下“IQ was negatively correlated with leadership(智商测试预测不出领导才能)”。

所以，②和③强调的都是智商测试中有问题的一面，由此可判定作者对于智商测试持反对态度，所以答案选B。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注]：前面第29题考查的是主旨，通过其答案“test scores may not be reliable indicators of one's ability”可明显看出作者对IQ测试持怀疑态度，所以答案选B。(微信号：kaoyanx)

至此，全部5道题都可“只看转折句”和“哇斩”选出答案。

掌握了“折斩”和“哇斩”绝技，你绝对是超级考霸！

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