【斩字诀】阅读大杀器(2017升级版)真题解析(英语一2007Text3)

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真题示例：2007年英语(一)Text 3

注#1：关于“折斩”与“哇斩”的具体介绍详见第1期军火库(回复1查阅)。

注#2：蓝色背景字体是转折句。

[第1段]：During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on(指望,依靠) hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed(改变) by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip(解雇通知书), a bad diagnosis(判断;诊断), or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第2段]：In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. ①Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes(种类) have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well(转折+否定小词few+冒号=大题眼). Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck(薪水) status. As a result, they have lost the parachute(保护伞) they once had in times of financial setback(挫折;退步) - a back-up(后备) earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off(下岗,解雇) or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability(残疾) insurance to help families weather bad times. ②But today, a disruption(中断;毁坏) to family fortunes can no longer(否定小词“no longer”是题眼) be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第31题(标注红色的选项是答案)

Today's double-income families are at greater financial risk in that

[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared(他们曾经享有过的安全网已经不复存在了)

[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased(他们下岗的可能性大大增加)

[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics(他们更容易受到家庭经济状况变化的打击)(哇斩#1：题干中含有比较级“greater”，在四个选项中只有C也含有比较级“more vulnerable”，与题干对应，所以答案选C。哇斩#2：题干中“financial”对应C中“economics”(它们属于同一概念范畴)，所以答案选C。哇斩#3：题干中“at...risk”对应C中“are vulnerable to”，所以答案选C。哇斩#4：“安全网不复存在”、“下岗的可能性增大”和“被剥夺失业或伤残保险”都可认为是“更容易受到家庭经济状况变化的打击”的具体原因，即有“因为ABD所以C”，根据支持原则，答案选C。哇斩#5：根据哇斩#3分析，ABD表述都相对具体，C表述相对抽象，所以C是答案。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance(他们被剥夺了失业或伤残保险)

[折斩#1]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第2段(见绿色字体)，该段中有转折句①和②。先看①，强调的是家庭风险增加了，感觉它与四个选项内容都有些关系，所以无法找出答案。再看②，强调的是现在家庭财产损失再也不能通过原本赋闲在家的另一半获得的额外收入来弥补了，其中“a disruption to family fortunes(家庭财产损失)”是C中“changes in family economics”的同义替换，“can no longer be made up(不能再弥补)”是C中“more vulnerable to”的同义替换，所以答案选C。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩#2]：换个角度分析，ABCD表述对象(见下划线)分别是“the safety net”、“their chances of being laid off”、“family economics”和“unemployment or disability insurance”，而转折句②表述对象是“family fortunes”，与C表述对象“family economics”最接近，所以答案选C。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第3段]：During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh(残酷的) reality that they may outlive(比...持久) their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned(从事活动) to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed(保证,担保)(=32B:secured) payments(支付,付款额) for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen - and newly fashionable(流行的) health-savings plans are spreading from legislative(立法的,立法机关的) halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles(可扣除的) and a large new does of investment risk for families' future healthcare. Even demographics(人口统计数据) are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent - and all the attendant(服务员,护理人员) need for physical and financial assistance - have jumped eightfold(八倍的) in just one generation.(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第32题(标注红色的选项是答案)

As a result of President Bush's reform, retired people may have

[A] a higher sense of security(更强的安全感)

[B] less secured payments(不太有保障的收入)(哇斩#1：B说的是“安全性变差，没有保障”，所以AB表述对立，BD表述对立，答案应在AB中选，和在BD中选。所以答案是B。哇斩#2：在这五道题的题干中，表述实质意义的是第31题题干内容“Today's double-income families are at greater financial risk”，说明本文主旨涉及经济风险，暗示现在经济状况不如以前，B与此意最接近，所以答案选B。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[C] less chance to invest(更少的投资机会)

[D] a guaranteed future(一个有保障的未来)

[折斩#1]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第3段(见绿色字体)，该段中没有转折句，距该段最近的转折句是②和③。先看②，强调的是现在家庭财产损失再也不能通过原本赋闲在家的另一半获得的额外收入来弥补了，说明安全性变差，所以选B为答案。再看③，与四个选项内容均无关。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩#2]：换个角度考虑，②中核心关键词“family fortunes”和“income”对应B中“payments”(它们属于同一概念范畴)，而且，②与B都含否定结构(分别是“no longer”和“less”)，所以答案选B。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注]：若定位段中没有转折句，可看距该段最近的转折句找答案。

/第33题(标注红色的选项是答案)

According to the author, health-savings plans will

[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare(有助于减少医疗开支的费用)(哇斩#1：“the cost of healthcare”表述具体，排除A)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[B] popularize among the middle class(在中产阶级中得到普及)(哇斩#1：“the middle class”表述具体，排除B)

[C] compensate for the reduced pensions(对减少的退休金是一个补偿)(哇斩#1：“pension”表述具体，排除C)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[D] increase the families investment risk(增加了家庭的投资风险)(哇斩#1：排除ABC，答案选D。哇斩#2：在这五道题的题干中，表述实质意义的是第31题题干内容“Today's double-income families are at greater financial risk”，说明本文主旨涉及经济风险，表述负面。在四个选项中，只有D表述负面，所以答案选D。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩#1]：参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第3段(见绿色字体)，该段中没有转折句，距该段最近的转折句是②和③。先看②，与四个选项内容均无关。再看③，强调的是“the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders(经济风险大规模转向已经不堪重负的肩膀上)”，这与选项D表述一致，所以答案选D。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩#2]：换个角度考虑，③表述带有贬义色彩，而在四个选项中，只有D表述也带有贬义色彩，所以答案选D。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩#3]：同理，②表述也带有贬义色彩，据此也可选出D是答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[注]：转折句③不含转折词，但是句中结构“far less like...a good deal more like...”表述对比。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[第4段]：③From the middle-class family perspective(视角), much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening(表征作者态度，与主旨直接相关，是题眼) acceleration of the wholesale(大规模的) shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened(不堪重负) shoulders. The financial fallout(降落,滑落) has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第34题(标注红色的选项是答案)

It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks(经济风险往往大于政治风险)

[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges(中产阶级可能面临更大的政治挑战)(哇斩：“the middle class”表述过于具体，排除B)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[C] financial problems may bring about political problems(经济问题也许会带来政治问题)(哇斩：该题定位最后一段，最后一段往往带有总结性和概括性，从最后一段推断的内容应该有升华，而C中“financial problems”包含A中“financial risks”，比A更有概括性。而且B表述也具体。所以答案选C。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status(经济责任是政治地位的指标)(哇斩：题干问法“inferred”说明只是推论，并不确定，而D表述明确，所以排除D)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩#1]：参照魔图。很明显，此题定位第4段，该段中有转折句③。根据③很难选出答案。此时，再看紧跟③后面的句子(蓝色字体)，根据句意很容易确定C是答案。(微信号：kaoyanx)

[折斩#2]：换个角度考虑，③强调的是“a good deal more like”后面的内容(即：以骇人的加速度将经济风险大规模转移到他们已经不堪重负的肩膀上)，显然，说的不是A中“financial risks”，也不是B中“the middle class”，也不是D中“financial responsibility”，而更像是C中“financial problems”，所以答案选C。(微信号：kaoyanx)

/第35题(标注红色的选项是答案)

Which of the following is the best title for this text？

[A] The Middle Class on the Alert(警觉的中产阶级)

[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff(处于悬崖的中产阶级)(哇斩：很明显，标题表述的是主旨，应该更具有概括性和抽象性，并能引起读者的好奇。从字面意思看，A中“on the Alert(警告)”、C中“in Conflict(冲突)”和D中“in Ruins(毁灭)”要比B中“on the Cliff(处于悬崖)”表述更直接(后者是比喻修辞，表述没那么直接)，而且后者更能引起读者的好奇，所以答案选B。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)

[C] The Middle Class in Conflict(冲突中的中产阶级)

[D] The Middle Class in Ruins(毁掉了的中产阶级)

[折斩]：参照魔图。此题是主旨题，可以通过综合三个转折句的意思判断出主旨大意。转折句①②都强调风险增加，转折句③特别强调了一个带有情感色彩的关键词“frightening(令人恐惧的)”，这对应选项B中“on the Cliff”(在悬崖边，当然是令人恐惧的)，所以答案选B。(微信号：kaoyanx)

至此，全部5道题都可“只看转折句”和“哇斩”选出答案。

掌握了“折斩”和“哇斩”绝技，你绝对是超级考霸！

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