【斩字诀】最牛阅读技巧:阅读大杀器(2017升级版)真题解析(英语一2007Text4)
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真题示例:2007年英语(一)Text 4
注#1:关于“折斩”与“哇斩”的具体介绍详见第1期军火库(回复1查阅)。
注#2:蓝色背景字体是转折句。
[第1段]:①It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards(委员会,董事会) have finally sorted out(解决,理清) their worst accounting and compliance(依从,顺从) troubles, and improved their feeble(虚弱的) corporation governance(管理,统治), a new problem threatens to earn them - especially in America - the sort of nasty(令人厌恶的) headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling(波动;翻滚) in the executive suite(一批随员): data insecurity. ②Left, until now, to odd(临时的), low-level IT staff to put right(恢复正常,改正), and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda(议事日程) in businesses of every variety.(微信号:kaoyanx)
/第36题(标注红色的选项是答案)
The statement:“It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce
[A] the fierce business competition(激烈的商业竞争)(哇斩#1:题干问的是引子说明什么问题,这类问题通常是负面话题,而A没有明显的负面色彩,排除A)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[B] the feeble boss-board relations(老板与董事会之间脆弱的关系)(哇斩#2:题干中的引子肯定是为了引出主题,所以答案应具有概括性和抽象性,而B中“boss-board relations”表述过于具体,排除B)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[C] the threat from news reports(来自新闻报道的威胁)(哇斩#2:题干中的引子肯定是为了引出主题,所以答案应具有概括性和抽象性,而C中“news reports”表述过于具体,排除C)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[D] the severity of data leakage(数据泄露的严重性)(哇斩#1:题干问的是引子说明什么问题,这类问题通常是负面话题,而D中“severity”和“data leakage”都带有负面色彩,比其他选项更具有负面性,所以答案选D。哇斩#2:题干中的引子肯定是为了引出主题,所以答案应具有概括性和抽象性,而BC都表述过于具体,优先排除BC。再看A,说的是商业领域,而D不仅限于商业领域,所以D比A表述更宽泛,答案选D。哇斩#3:比较四个选项,注意“data leakage”更像是主题词,而且对应37题题干关键词“check”(既然有数据泄露,肯定要检查),所以与主旨最贴近,答案选D。注意:题干关键词通常是与主旨相关。不看文章,直接选出答案)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[折斩]:参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第1段,该段中有转折句①和②。①是例子,而且是题干内容,所以只看②。 ②是隐性转折句(前句中“until now”与后句中“now”引导的内容是对比关系),“now”后面的内容是句子重心,强调的是信息保护正在变得非常重要,与选项D表述最一致(二者说的都是数据安全性问题。也可通过支持关系来判断,即:因为D(数据泄露严重)所以“信息保护非常重要”),其中,②中“information protection”与D中“data leakage”是反义替换,所以答案选D。(微信号:kaoyanx)
[注]:文章开头是一个谚语“It never rains but it pours”,晦涩难懂,以此作为引子引出主题。这是非常典型的考研文章开头方式。(微信号:kaoyanx)
[第2段]:Several massive leakages(泄露) of customer and employee data this year - from organizations as diverse(多种多样的) as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley - have left managers hurriedly peering into(检查)(与题干关键词“check”是同义替换) their intricate(错综复杂的) IT systems and business processes(“process”所在句子通常是答案出处) in search of(与题干关键词“find out”是同义替换) potential vulnerabilities(弱点).(微信号:kaoyanx)
/第37题(标注红色的选项是答案)
According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out
[A] whether there is any weak point(是否有薄弱环节漏洞)(哇斩#1:BCD的表述对象分别是“数据”、“数据泄露”和“间谍嫌疑人”,直观来看,它们与题干表述对象“system(系统)”都没有必然联系。A的表述对象是“weak point(薄弱环节)”,说的是局部,而“system(系统)”说的是整体,二者彼此对应,所以答案选A。哇斩#2:根据36题答案(或37题四个选项意思),文章主题是“数据安全性”。BCD说的都是问题表象(不能从根上解决安全性问题。试想:如果知道了是哪种类型数据被盗,知道了是谁负责,或者找到了间谍嫌疑人,能彻底解决数据泄露的问题吗),只有A说的是问题实质(发现薄弱环节,进而可从根上解决安全性问题),所以A更像是答案。不看文章,直接选出答案)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[B] what sort of data has been stolen(哪种类型的数据已经被盗)
[C] who is responsible for the leakage(谁对数据泄露负责)
[D] how the potential spies can be located(如何找到间谍嫌疑人)
[折斩#1]:参照魔图。很明显,此题定位第2段,该段中没有转折句,也没有引语和观点句,看距该段最近的转折句,是②和③。先看②,强调的是信息保护正在变得非常重要,与四个选项均无关。再看③,强调的是“management issue(管理问题)”,在四个选项中,BCD明显不属于“management issue”,所以答案选A。(微信号:kaoyanx)
[折斩#2]:直接寻找题干关键词“find out”在原文中的同义替换词,即“in search of”,其后内容“potential vulnerabilities”正是A中“weak point”的同义替换,所以答案选A。(微信号:kaoyanx)
[第3段]:“Data is becoming an asset(资产) which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University's business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders”. Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York's Columbia Business School. ③“Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy(冗余,过剩), and recovery(痊愈,复原) is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.(微信号:kaoyanx)
/第38题(标注红色的选项是答案)
In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that
[A] shareholders interests should be properly attended to(股东的利益应该得到适当的维护)(哇斩#3:“shareholders interests”表述具体,排除A)
[B] information protection should be given due attention(信息保护问题应该受到足够的重视)(哇斩#1:第36题问的就是文章主题,主题词是“data leakage”,在四个选项中,只有B中“information protection”与之对应,所以答案选B。哇斩#2:题干关键词“GASP”中的“S”是指“Security”,与B中“protection”相对应,所以答案选B。注:C中“security”是原文复现,所以C不是答案。哇斩#3:作者提出一个概念,肯定是为了说明作者的观点,所以答案应具有概括性和抽象性。而ACD都表述具体,所以答案选B。哇斩#4:BC说的都是安全问题,根据命题思路,答案往往隐藏于表述相似不易区分的选项中,所以答案应在BC中选。而C说的是“财务安全”,表述范围小于B,所以B更具有概括性,答案选B。不看文章,直接选出答案)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security(公司应该提高自己的财务安全水平)(哇斩#3:“accounting security”只是强调财务范畴,表述具体,排除C)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized(客户数据的市场价值应该被重视)(哇斩#3:“customer data”只是强调客户范畴,表述具体,排除D)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[折斩]:参照魔图。根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第3段(见绿色字体),该段中有转折句③。很容易看出,③中“security, redundancy(冗余,备份), and recovery”与B中“information protection”是同义替换,所以答案选B。(微信号:kaoyanx)
[第4段]:The mystery(令人费解)(表征作者负面态度,等于题干关键词“puzzle”) is that this should(态度词,表否定,是“居然”的意思) come as a surprise(态度词,表否定,等于题干关键词“fail to”) to any boss. ④Surely(态度词,表肯定,是题眼) it should be obvious to the dimmest(暗淡的,模糊的) executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore(恢复) — and that few(否定小词“few”是题眼) things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive(敏感的) personal data get into the wrong hands.(微信号:kaoyanx)
/第39题(标注红色的选项是答案)
According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to
[A] see the link between trust and data protection(看到信任和数据保护之间的联系)(哇斩#1:第36题问的就是文章主题,主题词是“data leakage”,在四个选项中,只有A中“data protection”与之对应,所以答案选A。哇斩#2:BC都只说了“data”,D只说了“trust”,而A既说了“data”也说了“trust”,表述范围更大,更具有概括性,所以答案选A。不看文章,直接选出答案)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data(意识到个人数据的敏感性)
[C] realize the high cost of data restoration(认识到数据恢复的高昂代价)
[D] appreciate the economic value of trust(意识到信任的经济价值)
[折斩]:参照魔图。很明显,此题定位第4段,该段中有转折句④。④是隐性转折句(句中“easily destroyed”和“hugely expensive to restore”是对比关系),很容易看出,④中第二个that引导的内容(即破折号后的内容)“few things are...the wrong hands”(说的是“毁掉信任”与“个人资料泄露”之间的联系)与选项A表述一致,所以答案选A。(微信号:kaoyanx)
[注#1]:也可看宾语选答案。④中有两个宾语成分:“trust”和“personal data”(绿色字体),只有A含有这两个宾语成分的意思,所以答案选A。(微信号:kaoyanx)
[注#2]:破折号后(以及两个破折号之间)的内容往往提供答案线索。
[第5段]:⑤The current state of affairs(事情,事件) may have been encouraged — though not justified(认为合理的) — by the lack of legal(法律的) penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray(遗失;丢失). That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation(法规) is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts(账户) in America, disclosed(揭示) on June 17th, overshadowed(使黯然失色) a hugely important decision a day earlier by America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators(管理者) will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.(微信号:kaoyanx)
/第40题(标注红色的选项是答案)
It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that
[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe(数据泄露在欧洲更为严重)(哇斩#1:最后一段通常是总结性的,而“Europe”表述过于具体,排除A)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[B] FTC's decision is essential to data securi 63 24934 63 15792 0 0 3146 0 0:00:07 0:00:05 0:00:02 3147ty(FTC的决定对于保障数据安全是极其重要的)(哇斩#1:最后一段通常是总结性的,而“FTC”表述过于具体,排除B)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[C] California takes the lead in security legislation(加州率先制定安全法规)(哇斩#1:最后一段通常是总结性的,而“California”表述过于具体,排除C)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[D] legal penalty is a major solotion to data leakage(法律制裁是解决数据泄露问题的主要办法)(哇斩#1:该题定位最后一段,最后一段往往带有总结性和概括性。而ABC都表述具体,所以答案选D。哇斩#2:作者提出问题必然会在最后给出解决方案,而西方崇尚法律,法律通常是最优选择,所以答案选D。不看文章,直接选出答案)(微信号:kaoyanx)
[折斩]:参照魔图。很明显,此题定位第5段,该段中有转折句⑤。很容易看出,⑤中“by”引导的内容“the lack of legal penalty for data leakage(对数据泄露缺乏法律的惩罚)”与选项D表述一致,所以答案选D。(微信号:kaoyanx)
至此,全部5道题都可“只看转折句”和“哇斩”选出答案。
掌握了“折斩”和“哇斩”绝技,你绝对是超级考霸!
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