142天|干货：大作文最常用6大对策句型+2大对策模板&阅读斩字诀！(2017军火库第56期)
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大作文中最常用的解决问题的6大对策句型
无论是图画作文还是图表作文，最后一段都要写对策。下面总结了阐述对策的6个角度及对应的6个句型，直接套用即可。
第一，扬善去恶
两面性问题，比如手机、网络、彩票等。
What we must do is to encourage the merits of sth. and avoid its demerits.(微信号：kaoyanx)
第二，大家联合起来(比如政府、社会组织和个人联合)
一般用在解决学生的问题，比如心理健康啊，网瘾啊等。
It is high time that sb. should make combined efforts to put an end to this situation.(微信号：kaoyanx)
第三，个人意识
提高环境保护的意识等。
The public/we ourselves should enhance the consciousness of...(微信号：kaoyanx)
第四，加强教育
一般用在涉及面比较广的社会问题。
A large-scale education campaign should be launched to inform the public of the significance of...(微信号：kaoyanx)
第五，政府出台法律法规(laws and regulations)
一般用在比较大的、比较严重的社会问题，如节约问题，浪费问题等。
The authorities should work out and implement relevant laws and regulations to impose a heavy penalty on those who...(微信号：kaoyanx)
第六，呼吁相关部门加强监管
一般用在比较大的、严重的社会问题，如质量问题，假冒产品问题等。
The relevant administration departments should strengthen the supervision on...
大作文中的2大对策(建议措施)模板
说明：以下是有关对策(建议措施)的模板，可直接作为大作文的整个末段来套用，其中蓝色字体处填写的是主题词。
模板1：Therefore, it is imperative(必要的) for us to take drastic measures. For one thing, we should appeal to(向...呼吁) the authorities(当局,官方) to make strict laws to control (主题词1，比如：commercial fishing). For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that the (主题词2，比如：ocean resources) are vital to us. Only in this way can we protect our (主题词2，比如：ocean resources). Also I believe that we humans can overcome this difficulty, and that we will have a brighter future.(微信号：kaoyanx)
模板2：According to the analysis above, it is advisable for us to take steps to reverse(扭转) this evil trend. Of all the steps, to appeal to(向...呼吁) the media's publicity(宣传) may be the most effective one, which can make the public treat their (主题词，比如此处填写2015英语一大作文的主题词“mobile phones”) in a reasonable way. Only in this way can we resolve this problem and embrace a bright future.(微信号：kaoyanx)
[翻译]：根据上述分析，我们应该采取措施扭转这种有害的趋势。在所有措施中，诉诸媒体宣传可能会是最有效的，这将使公众以理性的方式对待(主题词，比如手机)。只有用这种方式，我们才能解决这一问题，拥有一个美好的未来。
真题示例：2008年英语(一)Text 2
注#1：关于“折斩”与“哇斩”的具体介绍详见第1期军火库(回复1查阅)。
注#2：蓝色背景字体是转折句。
[第1段]：It used to(对应26题D中的“traditional ”) be so straightforward(直截了当的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors' names and affiliations(联系,关系,附属) from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments(评论,意见) received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline(拒绝) it. Copyright rested with(在于,取决于) the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to(订阅) the journal.(微信号：kaoyanx)
/第26题(标注红色的选项是答案)
In the first paragraph, the author discusses
[A] the background information of journal editing(期刊编辑的背景信息)(哇斩#1：该题考查主旨，答案应具有概括性和抽象性，而“the background information”表述过于具体，排除A)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports(实验报告的出版流程)(哇斩#1：该题考查主旨，答案应具有概括性和抽象性，而“laboratory reports”表述过于具体，排除B)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers(作者与期刊出版商的关系)
[D] the traditional process of journal publication(期刊出版的传统过程)((哇斩#1：B中“routine”与D中“traditional process”表述同义，根据命题思路，答案往往隐藏于具有相似特征的不易区分的选项中，所以答案应在BD中选。而B表述过于具体已被排除，所以答案选D。哇斩#2：阅读选项中含名词“process(过程,进程)”的选项往往是答案，所以此题可优先考虑答案选D。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[折斩]：很明显，此题定位第1段，该段中没有转折句，距该段最近的转折句是①(在第2段)。①是隐性转折句(没有转折词，但前后内容表述强对比)，说的是现在不是这样了，是对前面内容的明确否定，那么第1段说的就是过去。在四个选项中，只有D说的也是过去(因为D中有“traditional”)，所以答案选D。(微信号：kaoyanx)
[哇斩#3]：该题考查主旨，所以与主旨最接近的选项就是答案。如何快速找到主旨呢？方法之一就是看所有5道题的题干中表述同一概念范畴(意思相同或相近)的有实质意义的关键词，它们会体现出主旨大意。粗略看下所有题干，这些关键词是第28题的“online publication(在线出版)”和第29题的“publishing model(出版模式)”，其中与“model(模式)”意思最接近的是B中“routine”和D中“process”，所以答案应在BD中选。而B表述过于具体，所以答案选D。(微信号：kaoyanx)
[第2段]：①No longer. The Internet — and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting(抑制,制止) access to it — is making free access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy(心情沉重的,沮丧的) reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. ②But it goes further than that. It signals(标志;表明) a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.(微信号：kaoyanx)
/第27题(标注红色的选项是答案)
Which of the following is true of the OECD report?
[A] It criticizes government-funded research(它批评了政府资助的研究项目)
[B] It introduces an effective means of publication(它介绍了一种高效的出版方式)
[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers(它让获利的期刊出版商感到不安)(哇斩：OECD(即：The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)是经济类组织，其报告肯定是与经济有关。选项ABCD的表述对象分别是“政府资助的研究项目”、“出版方式”、“获利的出版商”和“科学研究”，显然C的表述对象与经济最相关，所以C与题干表述最接近，答案选C。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[D] It benefits scientific research considerably(它使科研受益匪浅)
[折斩#1]：根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第2、4段，其中第2段有转折句①和②。①是隐性转折句(没有转折词，但前后内容表述强对比)，而且在第26题中已使用过，而②有转折词，所以先看②。但是②没有表述实质内容，不能清晰的确定哪个选项是答案。此时再看紧跟②后面的句子(蓝色字体)，句中“change”对应C中“upset(推翻,颠覆,打翻)”，所以答案选C。(微信号：kaoyanx)
[折斩#2]：或者，看②中“that”的替代内容，正是前面的句子，其中“publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits”与C中“profit-making journal publishers”是同义替换，“heavy(心情沉重的,沮丧的)”与C中“upset”是同义替换，所以答案选C。(微信号：kaoyanx)
[第3段]：The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.(微信号：kaoyanx)
[第4段]：This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly(学术的;学者的) journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified(识别,鉴别) by the report's authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional(组织机构的) subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives(档案), where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories(储藏室,仓库). Other models exist that are hybrids(混合物) of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.(微信号：kaoyanx)
/第28题(标注红色的选项是答案)
According to the text, online publication is significant in that
[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results(它为科研成果提供了一种更容易的获取方式)(哇斩#1：题干中“online”说明更容易接触，对应A中“easier access to”；题干中“publication”对应A中“scientific results”，因为科研成果是需要出版的。综上所述，A与题干表述最一致，所以答案选A。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers(它为科研人员带来了巨大的利润)(哇斩#2：通常，重要性不应该与钱挂钩，所以排除B)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge(它强调了科学知识的重要地位)(哇斩#2：题干问的是原因，解释为什么重要，答案应该是表述实质内容，而C中“emphasizes”明显不如A中“provides”、B中“brings”和D中“facilitates”更具有实质性(或者说，C表述“虚”，ABD表述“实”)，所以排除C)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research(它使公众对科研投资更为便捷)(哇斩#2：通常，重要性不应该与钱挂钩，所以排除D)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[折斩]：根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)很难准确定位到某段上，因为整篇文章都是围绕“online publication”展开的。所以可综合两个转折句①②的内容来进行分析，这与主旨题的分析方法一样。然而两个转折句都是短句，没有实质内容，据此无法进行分析，所以再看紧跟它们后面的句子(蓝色字体)。其中紧跟①后面的句子与题干关键词(蓝色字体)接近，因为有“Internet”，与“online”属于同一范畴，所以优先看该句，该句明显与A表述 60 25970 60 15791 0 0 2374 0 0:00:10 0:00:06 0:00:04 3778思一致，所以答案选A。(微信号：kaoyanx)
/第29题(标注红色的选项是答案)
With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to
[A] cover the cost of its publication(承担出版费用)(哇斩：题干关键词“required”说明论文作者是被强迫的，所以答案应该表述负面。比较四个选项，显然A最表述负面，所以答案选A。不看文章，直接选出答案)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it(订阅发表其论文的期刊)
[C] allow other online journals to use it freely(允许其他在线期刊免费使用他的论文)
[D] complete the peer-review before submission(在递交论文之前完成同行专家评估)
[折斩#1]：根据题干关键词(蓝色字体)定位第4段(见绿色字体)，该段中没有转折句，距该段最近的转折句是②。②没有实质内容，②中“that”指代前面的句子，该句意思与四个选项也完全不匹配，似乎无法选出答案，不过，注意到该句说到“profits(利润)”，它与A中“cost(成本)”都属于“钱”的范畴，因此，可优先考虑答案选A。(微信号：kaoyanx)
[折斩#2]：注意到，题干关键词“required”对应第4段中的“asking”，“asking”后面的内容“to pay for the paper to be published”正是A的同义替换，所以答案选A。(微信号：kaoyanx)
/第30题(标注红色的选项是答案)
Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?
[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers(互联网正在对出版商构成威胁)(哇斩#2：从常识判断，“Internet”好处多多，作者不可能对这样的新事物持负面态度，主旨应该带有正能量，所以排除A)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[B] A new mode of publication is emerging(一种新的出版模式正在出现)
[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication(作者们乐意接受新的出版渠道)(哇斩#2：C说的是“Authors”的态度，而主旨不可能是表述他人的态度或观点，所以排除C)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service(在线服务使出版更容易)(哇斩#2：主旨应该具有高度概括性，或表述质的变化，而比较级“easier”说明不是根本性变化，不应该出现在主旨中，所以排除D)(微信号：kaoyanx)
[折斩]：此题是主旨题，可以通过综合两个转折句①②的内容判断出主旨大意。第28题解析中已说，两个转折句都没有实质内容，应分析紧跟它们后面的句子(蓝色字体)。先看紧跟①后面的句子，说的是互联网正在使自由获取科研成果成为现实。显然，ACD都完全不符合此意，排除。而B中的“emerging”与紧跟①后面的句子中的“make...a reality(成为现实)”表述一致，所以答案选B。再看紧跟②后面的句子，很明显，句中“It signals a change”与B表述最接近，所以答案选B。(微信号：kaoyanx)
[哇斩#1]：第26题解析中已给出，题干主旨关键词(题干中表述同一概念范畴的有实质意义的关键词)是第28题的“online publication(在线出版)”和第29题的“publishing model(出版模式)”，它们明显与B中“A new mode of publication”属于同一概念范畴，所以答案选B。(微信号：kaoyanx)
至此，全部5道题都可“只看转折句”和“哇斩”选出答案。
掌握了“折斩”和“哇斩”绝技，你绝对是超级考霸！
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