诺奖得主屠呦呦采访全文听写稿 | ScalersTalk听力狂练小组出品

昨天发布了诺奖得主屠呦呦采访视频，晚上我们组织ScalersTalk听力狂练小组进行实战听写。这一次实战听写正确率极高，今天和大家分享校对整理的版本。

本次听写由Scalers策划发起，狂练小组Lily组织统筹，野游、海绵、April、Jo、翌日小鱼、Helena（以上排名不分先后）参与听写并完成校对，William总校。

感谢大家的参与，后期我们会继续不定期组织协同式听写实战。

https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=o1300h1pdgp&width=500&height=375&auto=0

The 2011 Lasker-Debakey Clinical Medical Research Award honors Tu Youyou, for the discovery of Artemisinin, a drug therapy for malaria that has saved millions of lives across the globe, especially in the developing world.

“My name is Tu Youyou.”

In response to the global dilemma of drug-resistant malaria, in the 1960s, the Chinese government launches a covert initiative. Mao contacted 50 laboratories and over 500 people to work on antimalarial. Professor Tu was the one to work on herbals.

“The task I took was to search for a new drug from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine to fight against malaria. We needed a totally new structured antimalarial to deal with the drug resistance. So with that backdrop, I accepted the task assigned by the organization.”

Combing through the ancient texts of traditional Chinese medicine and folk remedies, Professor Tu Youyou searches for possible remedies. She collects 2000 potential recipes, finally focusing on 380 extracts from 200 herbs.

“And she took every one that was used for fever, especially in the southern part of the country, and any one that was used for malaria in other parts of the country, and had about four or five hundred recipes. They call them recipes.”

“To start with, I began to search the ancient medical books, Compendium of Materia Medica, folk formulary and so on. I visited and interviewed many old doctors, including doctors in Southern China.”

Professor Tu Youyou finds the extract from Qinghao, or artemisia annua, commonly referred to a sweet wormwood. It’s noted in the Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies, as a potential remedy for malaria.

“The plant’s name is artemisia annua, and it’s called Qinghao in Chinese. And in the U.S., it’s called sweet wormwood, only one word. That was Qinghaosu, which came from the Qinghao or the artemisia.”

“Using the Qinghao to treat malaria was in fact recorded in the Manual of Clinical Practice and Emergency Remedies by Ge Hong of the East Jin Dynasty in 340 CE. The book suggested to use one quantity of Qinghao plus two quantities of water to squeeze juice out of the substance. Drinking the extracted juice would treat the symptoms of malaria.”

“She had variable results of what should do. She didn’t give up. She went back to the original description by Ge Hong in 300 AD.”

Returning to the details given in Ge Hong’s handbook, Professor Tu Youyou realizes the standard procedure of high-temperature extraction may be destroying the active ingredient in the artemisia plant.

“It is a description with the treatment of fever. Take the leaves, and bind them in silk and then squeeze them out in cold water.”

“Normally, herbals, you extract them in boiling water. It was very specific. And this is why she was losing activity cause she was boiling it. And she went back and extracted it in ether which allows you to get rid of the ether in low temperatures.”

By perfecting her extraction techniques, Professor Tu Youyou’s results improve dramatically. Her perseverance pays off.

“Many people with the kind of variable results she was getting, sometimes it is worked 60 %, sometimes 40% of them, were cured would’ve dropped and looked for other things, but she persevered until she had something that worked 100%.”

Professor Tu and her colleagues discover Artemisinin has a very unusual structure. It is a completely different compound than any known antimalarial drug.

“We were very happy about the findings, because it indicated that it was a new compound. This was really important since only a new compound can resolve the drug resistance problem. So this is one issue. Then what? We need to identify the chemical structure.”

“There are almost no herbals that have this structure that have these two oxygens. There are a lot with one oxygen in a hydroxyl group. But there are almost none with these two-oxygens. So it’s a very unusual structure that’s in this, that’s in artemisinin, very unusual.”

Professor Tu Youyou’s breakthrough provides a new drug for malaria, which today is used in combination treatments throughout the world.

“The combination therapy is called artemisinin combination therapy, that’s a combination of artemisinin with another drug. Cure is the basic drug used throughout the world today.”

Professor Tu Youyou with her respect for the treasures of Chinese traditional medicine and her dedication to a priority set by her country has saved millions of lives through her research efforts.

“Thank God we have artemisinin combination therapy or we’d be in big trouble. The only thing protecting these people now from severe disease and death is this combination.”

“We were certain that we found an entirely new chemical structure. Of course, that was a really happy moment in my career as a researcher. I was very excited because we finally found it. Because the rest of the world wasn’t able to find it. We found it in traditional Chinese medicine, the herbal medicine. This was an exciting moment.”

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