干货分享 | 那些年，被ETS坑过的题之-细节题
亲爱的同学们,有没有经历过明明文章我都看得懂,答案句我也找对了,句子意思我都明白了,那为什么还答错了呢?说好的托福不是语言考试吗?还是在考验我的智商?接下来Niki老师就带大家一起来看一下,托福阅读考试当中,ETS常在题目中设置的一些各位考生心甘情愿跳下去的坑。什么坑?说得这么玄乎?其实就是一些易错题型的整理。
首先带大家一起来看一下细节题中容易选错的题。细节题在整个十大题型中占比较大,也是大部分童鞋刷题刷到最后还是会易失分的一个题型。说到细节题的解题方法,相信大部分同学都了解,就是定位,先看题,再找答案,答案句读懂翻译出来,之后看选项作出选择。是的,Niki老师的思路跟大家大体上也差不多,但又有些许不同,我们通过下面的例子一起看一下。
Paragraph 4: Theparticular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern Franceis more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted byresearchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson. The data they present suggest thatthe animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that thepainters preferred for meat and for materials such as hides. For example, wildcattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect bychance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than otheranimals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly portray animalsthat the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed,natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of theirbehavior. That is, mammoths, bovines, and horses are portrayed more often thandeer and reindeer. Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that theart is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithicpeople. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the factthat the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic alsoseems to reflect how people got their food. But in that period, when gettingfood no longer depended on hunting large game animals (because they werebecoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.
According toparagraph 4, what change is evident in the art of the period following the UpperPaleolithic?○This new art starts to depict small animals rather than large ones.○This new art ceases to reflect the ways in which people obtainedtheir food. ○This new art no longer consists mostly ofrepresentations of animals. ○This new art begins toshow the importance of hunting to the economy.
首先通过题干中的定位词the period following the Upper Paleolithic 可以定位到这一段的倒数第2句 Consistent with this idea, according tothe investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period thatfollowed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect howpeople got their food. 这句话主要说这个时期的艺术似乎反应出人们如何得到食物。接下来我们根据问题找变化。
所以我们又看到后面一句,有but连接,应该这句也要看 But in that period, when gettingfood no longer depended on hunting large game animals (because they werebecoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.这句也不难理解,“当获得食物不再依赖那些大的动物,人们就不再画动物了。结合这两句来看,前面讲到那个时候的艺术反映出人们如何获得食物,后面就发生了变化,也就是否定前面的内容, 所以答案不就是第2个。难道不是选第2个?老师,你在逗我吗?
好,接下来我们用一种反推思路,来看看为什么不能选第2个。but后只是说人们不再依赖动物,人们不画动物了,并没有讲不反应人们获得食物的方式。或许那个时期之后, 人们换了一种生活方式,比如农耕,他们也许画了一些农耕相关的画,文中也没有否定这种可能性。
接下来,看看老师是怎么解这道题的。刚上面老师讲过细节题大体思路。跟大家差不多,但是老师做了一些精简,即简化成“核心两步”。
首先,根据定位词和问题找准核心答案。所以我们首先要确定的是答案句到底是倒数第2句还是倒数第1句,有的同学可能会说这两句不都有关吗?是有关系,但只能说倒数第2句是定位句,倒数第1句才是答案句,而且答案还可以再进一步简化,找核心答案。具体的变化也就应该是倒数第1句的主干信息the art ceased to focus onportrayals of animals,这才是我们要找的最核心的答案。
核心答案找对之后就到我们第二步核对选项,怎么核对呢?其实就是做同义替换的过程。所以我们看,the art换成this new art了,四个都可以考虑了,cease to “停止” 有否定逻辑,回到四个选项,只 剩下第2和第3个了,再往后核对,focus on 应该是跟reflect同义呢?还是与consists mostly of 同义呢?很显然是后者。同时 portrayals of animals换成了 representations ofanimals。答案很确定就是第3个了。
所以,同学们,有没有发现,不是大家文章读得略懂,就一定能做对题,也是要有正确的解题思路才能很好地绕过ETS给大家挖的那些坑。
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作者：藤门学院教学中心上海教学部 -沈宝莲老师
编辑：藤小二