城市更新如何接纳弱势群体——伦敦城市更新中的包容性设计
老龄人口和残障人士的数量在全世界范围内逐年攀升,具有包容性的城市更新逐渐在发达国家的城市改造过程中受到关注和重视。经济层面上,包容性设计(Inclusive Design)能够促进弱势群体的生产及消费;社会层面上,则有利于他们平等共享应有的社会资源和福利。本文将介绍伦敦国王十字车站、潮汐公园、伊丽莎白女王奥林匹克公园等三个涉及包容性设计的城市更新案例,细探城市更新中的包容性设计如何从政策落到实践。
伦敦大学学院(UCL)巴特莱特建成环境学院
城市研究专业博士候选人
《城市中国》第四期海外观察员
“人数最多的少数群体”
——弱势群体的出行问题
英国包容性设计
——从“他们”到“我们”的观念转变
案例I
——伦敦国王十字车站 King’s Cross
无论是主要出入口、交通节点,还是城市广场的可行走空间,均以坡地化为设计标准,只有受地形高差条件限制时,才会采用坡道设施,有大高差处均设置无障碍垂直电梯。这是从城市性能标准的角度对城市更新中的公共空间功能的提升,保证更新区域中所有可行走或者停留的公共空间能够满足全民(特别是弱势群体)的硬性需求。
清晰且畅达的地面标识系统与配套服务
国王十字车站内提供扶手电梯疏通主要客流,与此同时还提供许多电梯供残障等出行不便的人士使用。
丰富多变的公共空间会为更新片区带来新的活力和发展潜能。更新改造后,片区内设置了Coal Drops Yard、Granary Square、Pancras Square以及Cubitt Square等四个广场和Handyside Park和Cubitt Park两个主要公园。
以Coal Drops Yard为例,每个季度都有专属的广场主题,丰富大家的户外体验。广场上所有的商铺出入口均为无障碍设计,方便残障和老龄人士以及推婴儿车的游客出入。以今年冬季的“northern brights”主题为例,广场的造景与休闲座椅布置为一体,既提供了足够的休憩空间,也提升了广场的观赏价值。值得一提的是,广场从坡度考虑、商铺出入口铺装以及残障人士设施等都做了细致考虑。无论冬夏,广场的铺装与流线设计都满足弱势群体的出行需求,残障人士用车、手推车以及手推行李箱的人们随处可见,共享公共空间为大家提供的设施和服务。
更新改造后的伦敦国王十字车站区域,从以前的破败、衰落景象,变成了伦敦市中心集科技、教育、娱乐和时尚为一体的新地标,每年吸引着上万旅客到访。同时,大约85%的弱势群体也表示自己的出行体验得到了很大改善,无缝衔接的无障碍环境让他们也平等享受城市的公共空间和各项配套设施。城市更新的包容性设计让社会进一步多元融合成为可能。有关弱势群体的独立预算资金加之市长从政府层面的推动,不但有效促进社区多元化、包容性设计的政策制定,也为更新过程中的实践提供足够的保障。
案例II
——The Tide潮汐公园
△ (向左滑动)潮汐公园无障碍骑行设施
案例III
参考文献(向下滑动):
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