史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(一)
一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序
1.首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置
<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --> </servlet>
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> |
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="" xmlns:xsi="" xmlns:context="" xmlns:mvc="" xsi:schemaLocation="
">
<!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/>
<!-- don't handle the static resource --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --> <mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <!-- 后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans> |
4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller,如下所示
6.编写Controller代码
@Controller @RequestMapping("/mvc") public class mvcController {
@RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(){ return "hello"; } } |
7.启动服务器,键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区
@ModelAttribute
在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
//match automatically @RequestMapping("/person") public String toPerson(String name,double age){ System.out.println(name+" "+age); return "hello"; } |
五、自动装箱
1.编写一个Person实体类
package test.SpringMVC.model;
public class Person { public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } private String name; private int age;
} |
2.在Controller里编写方法
//boxing automatically @RequestMapping("/person1") public String toPerson(Person p){ System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge()); return "hello"; } |
六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
//the parameter was converted in initBinder @RequestMapping("/date") public String date(Date date){ System.out.println(date); return "hello"; }
//At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date" @InitBinder public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); } |
七、向前台传递参数
//pass the parameters to front-end @RequestMapping("/show") public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){ Person p =new Person(); map.put("p", p); p.setAge(20); p.setName("jayjay"); return "show"; } |
前台可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax调用
//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax @RequestMapping("/getPerson") public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write("hello,"+name); } @RequestMapping("/name") public String sayHello(){ return "name"; } |
前台用下面的Jquery代码调用
$(function(){ $("#btn").click(function(){ $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ alert(data); }); }); }); |
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
//redirect @RequestMapping("/redirect") public String redirect(){ return "redirect:hello"; } |
十、文件上传
1.需要导入两个jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
<!-- upload settings --> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property> </bean> |
3.方法代码
@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{ MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req; MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file"); String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+ "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.'))); fos.write(file.getBytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close();
return "hello"; } |
4.前台form表单
<form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="file"><br> <input type="submit" value="submit"> </form> |
十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
@Controller @RequestMapping("/test") public class mvcController1 { @RequestMapping(value="/param") public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id, @RequestParam(value="name")String name){ System.out.println(id+" "+name); return "/hello"; } } |
十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC
1.RestController
@Controller @RequestMapping("/rest") public class RestController { @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("get"+id); return "/hello"; }
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("post"+id); return "/hello"; }
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT) public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("put"+id); return "/hello"; }
@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("delete"+id); return "/hello"; }
} |
2.form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --> <filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> |
在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT"> <input type="submit" value="put"> </form>
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="submit" value="post"> </form>
<form action="rest/user/1" method="get"> <input type="submit" value="get"> </form>
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE"> <input type="submit" value="delete"> </form> |
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.导入以下jar包
2.方法代码
@Controller @RequestMapping("/json") public class jsonController {
@ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/user") public User get(){ User u = new User(); u.setId(1); u.setName("jayjay"); u.setBirth(new Date()); return u; } } |
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