俄罗斯帝国，牛逼！
俄罗斯帝国，牛逼！
作者：老凤1974 来源：圣谛
俄罗斯驻华大使馆发了一个颇有争议的微博：
引起了不满，不满就不满，微博微信都敢删美帝的贴，但对俄罗斯就基本没啥话可说。老胡呢，对世界第一强国美帝敢直怼，对俄罗斯呢，就客气的一逼。
不是讲反话，俄罗斯确实牛逼，比美国牛逼！
为毛这样说呢，俄罗斯总是能用相对“很弱”的实力，获得他们超过“实力”很多倍的待遇。美帝的军事实力和经济实力是俄罗斯20倍，但是俄罗斯的国际地位呢？至少在中国这里，算是平起平坐的大国吧。
二战时期，苏联木有美帝的援助，根本扛不住希特勒，战后双方实力根本不在一个层面上，不要说陆海空，光是美帝有原子弹而苏联木有，美帝硬实力分分钟就可以灭掉苏联。
然而，苏联却能在战后跟美帝平分世界当平行世界的老大哥，跟美帝能斗个旗鼓相当，有时候还能占上风！
这就是俄罗斯的本事，虽然硬实力不咋地，总是能混个大哥位子！我现在要给大家讲一个俄罗斯帝国时代空手套白狼的往事。
这事就体现了俄罗斯极度高超的外交水平和讹诈水平，实际上俄罗斯人才是玩智力的祖宗，但他们总能让你觉得他们只有蛮力。你应该问问自己，怎么会产生这样误解的，这就是俄罗斯人智力胜于你的地方了！
这个人是19世纪的俄罗斯年轻军官伊戈拉提耶夫。
源于1856年爆发的第二次鸦片战争，或者称之为“亚罗号”战争。英国人在获胜后向满清提出若干要求，咸丰先是答应后来又反悔，还扣押了以巴夏里为首的使节团，战争的阴云再次笼罩在北京这座古老的帝都上空。
这让俄国人非常忧虑，他们害怕英法在中国占着不走，并且在北京城取得据点，这对于俄罗斯帝国来说就是一场噩梦。于是伊戈拉提耶夫在1859坐着雪橇千里迢迢从莫斯科穿越西伯利亚大平原来到中国。他的任务很简单，要让满清承认之前俄罗斯夺取的大片土地，这是一次典型的大博弈行动。
到了北京，伊戈拉提耶夫立刻面见了咸丰皇帝，表示他可以代表俄罗斯帝国出面调停中英之间的矛盾，但满清朝廷并不傻，知道前门驱虎后门进狼的道理，拒绝了伊戈拉提耶夫。而且清廷也担心，他跟英法沆瀣一气，一起来坑我大清。后来的事态表明，清廷的担心是对的。
伊戈拉提耶夫确实两面三刀，毕竟俄罗斯虽然刚跟英法在克里米亚打的你死我活，但在东方的鞑靼面前，他们还是自认为都属于文明世界，有共同理解的语言和话题的。伊戈拉提耶夫跑到英法联军那里，向他们提供了北京的城防图和北京城里的情报。
同时他又竭尽全力去阻止满清跟英法达成协议，不断在两者之间挑拨离间，煽动英法向北京进攻，等到英法兵临城下时，伊戈拉提耶夫再次向清廷提出由他居间调停，但此时咸丰已经逃到了承德去”狩猎“了，北京城已经没有主事之人，只剩下他的弟弟恭亲王奕䜣留在北京收拾残局。英法联军摧毁了北京城外的皇家园林，清廷非常害怕英法联军摧毁北京的皇城，如果皇城被摧毁，满清将失去统治中国的资格，于是感激涕零的接受了伊戈拉提耶夫的建议。
当时北方中国的严寒已经来临，英法联军也急于跟清廷达成前面已经达成的协议并撤军，但伊戈拉提耶夫向满清封锁了这个消息，他成功的让清廷认为英法联军有长期驻扎在北京的打算，而这种可怕的前景让清廷不寒而栗，这意味着他们的统治将很快崩溃，因为朝廷的命令已经无法向地方督抚传达了。
而英军确实曾经有过这样的念头，英军指挥官额尔金勋爵确实动过这样的念头，他在给外交大臣罗素勋爵的信中写道：说句玩笑话，如果我们还需要第二个印度的话，也许我们可以兼并中华帝国。
英法最后决定只满足于签订条约而不是占领中国，而伊戈拉提耶夫成功的让清廷相信英法联军可能常驻中国，而他不仅可以让英法提前撤军，而且可以降低索赔的金额。而他的条件是要求满清正式承认俄罗斯对新近得到的西太平洋土地领土享有主权。
满清朝廷对此犹豫不决，伊戈拉提耶夫马上利用联军在撤军过程一个短暂的、程序上的延迟恐吓朝廷，谎称是他的因素让英法联军停止撤军的。最后一支部队在1860年11月6日离开北京，11天后，伊戈拉提耶夫代表俄罗斯跟中国签订了北京条约，而英法联军对此毫不知情，等他们知道第二次鸦片战争的红利最大的那一块已经被俄国拿走的时候已经晚了。
该条约使清政府确认了《瑷珲条约》的合法性，并割让了乌苏里江以东（包括库页岛）约40万平方公里的领土，从此中国失去了东北地区对日本海的出海口，并开放张家口、库伦、喀什噶尔为商埠。
当时的英俄正在中亚进行争夺，俄罗斯先行进入喀什，这意味着在跟英国的竞争中占了先机。1860年11月12日，伊戈拉提耶夫心满意足离开北京，返回圣彼得堡。
在人类历史上，有过几次代价极细微而胜利成果如此巨大的事件，比如克莱武为大英帝国搞定了印度，但这些跟伊戈拉提耶夫的成就相比全部不值一提，毕竟克莱武还带了军队，还打了仗死了人，而伊戈拉提耶夫则只凭一张嘴，就为俄国争取到40万平方公里的土地合法性以及出海口。
有一位英国历史学家这样说：自1815年以来，俄罗斯没有缔结过如此有利的条约，也从来没有一个外交家取得由这位年轻人取得的恢弘伟业。俄罗斯在远东的胜利，抹平了他们在克里米亚战争中的惨痛记忆，也在东方补足了他们西方的损失，而且这个胜利还是在完全蒙蔽他们的对手英国人的前提下获得的。
返回彼得堡以后，他被沙皇亚历山大授予圣弗拉基米尔大公勋章。
1864年，任驻君士坦丁堡大使，开始专门负责巴尔干事务（尤其是保加利亚）。
1877－1878年俄土战争结束后，与奥斯曼帝国签订《圣斯特凡诺条约》。
1881年，亚历山大二世遇刺身亡，他出任俄罗斯帝国内政大臣，以平息事件影响。
1882年，在进行了大规模的逮捕和针对犹太人的迫害之后，由于多方压力退休并离开政界，直到1908年去世。
尼古拉的儿子PavelNikolayevich是尼古拉二世时俄国的教育部长（1915－1916年），十月革命爆发后Pavel携家人逃往法国。
1925年，Pavel一家移民加拿大，并在魁北克省Richmond定居。
尼古拉的孙子GeorgePavlovich是著名俄裔加拿大政治家、外交官，也曾任多伦多大学三一学院院长和多伦多大学校监。
尼古拉的曾孙叶礼庭（MichaelGrantIgnatieff）是当代加拿大自由党政治家，当过自由党党魁，目前是索罗斯创办的中欧大学校长。
关于征服东方，俄罗斯卢布上有个超级牛人，上面写着就是“征服东方”
我问你，有没有跟我一样钦佩俄罗斯？
这才是一个真玩脑子的民族啊！这会儿发这个貌似冒犯的微博，为啥呢？
俄罗斯炫耀的这座美丽城市叫海参崴
来源：腾讯视频
上十万点赞差点令人吐血而死
作者：熹华君 来源：曹教授
昨天俄罗斯驻华大使馆，通过新浪官方微博发布发布一条消息：今天是符拉迪沃斯托克建城160周年纪念日。
微博里特别提醒中国人，俄语“符拉迪沃斯托克”的汉语意思就是“统治东方”。
谁说符拉迪沃斯托克建城只有160年？她以前叫海参崴，早就是中国的一个海港。
名字叫符拉迪沃斯托克也就算了，还生怕中国人不知道符拉迪沃斯托克是什么意思，在官方微博里特别提醒中国人，符拉迪沃斯托克的意思是统治东方。
好不容易留下的寥寥几句留言，网友们说：“要点脸…”，“恶心！”，“以不平等条约从中国抢夺过去的，竟然还把自己美化成开发者？”
其中网友“老太婆与海”说得特别好：你在我身上割肉吃我没意见，但吃了我的肉还朝我吧唧嘴儿就有点过分了。
这种公然往中国人心上撒盐的做法，让很多国人愤怒。
但同时，让人匪夷所思的是，这条至少客观上羞煞国人的微博，不仅没被删去，而且还有上十万人点赞！
是的，是上十万人点赞。这不是他人，是上十万中国人点赞啊！看到这个数字，差点气得吐血而死！
人家纪念占领你的海参崴160周年在自嗨，还明明白白告诉你，这就是“统治东方”，结果你非但不生气，还一个个在下面疯狂点赞。
翻遍动物百科，也找不到这样的物种。更遑论高贵的爱国主义情怀。
如果在特殊年代，不点赞就会死，倒也可以理解和原谅。毕竟生命高于一切，好死不如赖活。
但现在没人逼迫啊，没有人把枪口对着你的后背。
什么是荣辱观啊，什么是刻骨之耻，什么是数典忘祖啊。
上十万点赞，为俄罗斯抢走中国海参崴160周年拍手叫好？为俄罗斯征服东方统治东方翘首以盼？为俄罗斯抢走中国数百万平方公里土地欢天喜地？为俄罗斯占领过程中，导致大量中国人失去家园、甚至死不瞑目成为冤魂的暴行助威？
人家恶心了你，你非但不理直气壮地怼回去，还点赞恶心自己，通行的心理学、行为学无法解释。
相对十四亿人口，幸好只有十多万点赞。这是唯一能够找到的安慰。
50. All you can do is to try your best. Even with those small steps, you're closer to your goal than you were yesterday. 我们能做的只是拼尽全力，即使迈出的步子再小，也比昨天要更接近自己的目标。51. A smile is the shortest distance between two people. 微笑是人与人之间最短的距离。52. Do or do not. There is no try. 要么做，要么滚！没有试试看这一说。53. Courage is being afraid but going on anyhow. 勇气就是虽感恐惧，但仍会前行。54. A man can be destroyed but not defeated. 人可以被毁灭，但不可以被打败。55. A truly happy person is one who can enjoy the scenery while on a detour. 真正快乐的人是那种在走弯路时也不忘享受风景的人。56. No dream is too big, and no dreamer is too small. 梦想再大也不嫌大，追梦的人再小也不嫌小。57. It doesn't matter how many times you fail. What matters is how many times you stand up and try again. 失败多少次不重要，重要的是你能重新站起来多少次，并且继续前行。58. Silence is the most powerful cry. 沉默是最有力的呐喊。《美丽人生》 59. A little consideration, a little thought for others makes all the difference. 一点点体贴，一点点为他人着想，会让一切都不一样。60. Stop waiting for things to happen.Go out and make them happen. 别指望事情会自然发生，行动起来，让它们变成可能！61. Don't look forward to tomorrow, don't miss yesterday, to grasp today. 不憧憬明天，不留念昨天，只把握今天。62. Now we don't call it alive. It's just not to die. 我们现在不叫活着，这只是没有死去。《疯狂原始人》 63. You can change your life if you want to. Sometimes you have to be hard on yourself, but you can change it completely. 有志者事竟成。有时虽劳其筋骨，但命运可以彻底改变。《唐顿庄园》 64. Time will bring a surprise, if you believe. 时间会带来惊喜，如果你相信的话。《浮生物语》 65. What others think is not important . How you feel about yourself is all that matters. 别人怎么想并不重要，你怎么看自己才是关键。66. Don't cry because it is over,smile because it happened. 不要因为结束而哭泣，微笑吧，因为你曾经拥有。67. Tomorrow is never clear. Our time is here. 明天是未知的，我们还是享受此刻吧！《摇滚夏令营》 68. Life is either a daring adventure or nothing at all. 生活要么大胆尝试，要么什么都不是。69. Pursue excellence and success will follow. 追求卓越，成功自然来。《三傻大闹宝莱坞》 70. Climb mountains not so the world can see you, but so you can see the world. 爬上山顶并不是为了让全世界看到你，而是让你看到整个世界。71. Every step towards your dream today is a step away from your regret tomorrow. 今日为梦想所付出的每一份努力都会减少明日的一份后悔。72. It's never too late to be what you might have been. 勇敢做自己，永远都不迟。（乔治·艾略特） 73. It's time to start living the life you've imagined. 是时候开始过自己想要的生活了！95. How can men succumb to force? 男人怎么能屈服于“武力”之下？《海贼王》 96. Life is like live TV show. There is no rehearsal. 人生没有彩排，只有现场直播。97. Dress shabbily and they remember the dress; dress impeccably and they remember the woman. 穿着破旧，人们记住衣服；穿着无瑕，人们则记住衣服里的女人。(Coco Chanel) 98. Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things. And no good thing ever dies. 希望是一件好事，也许是人间至善，而美好的事永不消逝。《肖申克的救赎》 99. There are so many beautiful reasons to be happy. 有太多太多美好的理由让你笑对生活。100. Where the more different you are, the better. 你们之间越是不同，越好。(Glee) 101. I'm only brave when I have to be. Being brave doesn't mean you go looking for trouble. 我只在必要时才勇敢，勇敢并不代表你要到处闯祸。《狮子王》 102. Behind every successful man there's a lot of unsuccessful years. 每个牛B的成功者都经历过苦B的岁月。(鲍博.布朗) 103. If you want something done, do it yourself. 靠谁都不如靠自己。《第五元素》 104. Life is a wonderful journey. Make it your journey and not someone else's. 生命是一段精彩旅程，要活的有自己的样子，而不是别人的影子。105. No matter how many mistakes you make or how slowly you progress, you are already ahead of those who never tried. 无论你犯了多少错，或者进步得有多慢，你都走在了那些不曾尝试的人的前面。106. Some things are so important that they force us to overcome our fears. 总有些更重要的事情，赋予我们打败恐惧的勇气。107. Say to yourself: "No matter how many obstacles I encounter in life, I will do all that I can to complete the whole course." 请对自己说：无论生活之路上会遇到多少障碍，我会竭尽所能地跑完这一程。108. No cross, no crown. 不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。109. Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. 与其努力成功，不如努力成为有价值的人。(爱因斯坦) 110. Remember when life's path is steep to keep your mind even. 记住：当人生很苦逼的时候，你要保持淡定。111. If you're brave enough to say GOODBYE, life will reward you with a new HELLO. 只要你勇敢地说出再见，生活一定会给你一个新的开始。112. Sometimes the right path is not the easiest one. 对的那条路，往往不是最好走的。113. Just trust yourself, then you will know how to live. 只要相信自己，你就会懂得如何去生活。114. In life it's not where you go. It's who you travel with. 生命中，重要的不是你去哪里，而是与谁同行。115. Life is like a rainbow. You don't always know what's on the other side, but you know it's there. 生活像一道彩虹，你不知道另一端通向哪里，但你会知道，它总是在那里。116. When the world says,"Give up!"Hope whispers,"Try it one more time." 当全世界都在说“放弃”的时候，希望却在耳边轻轻地说：“再试一次吧”！117. I don't care about other questions and I just try to be myself. 我不在乎别人的质疑，我只会做好自己。118. Attempt doesn't necessarily bring success, but giving up definitely leads to failure. 努力不一定成功，但放弃一定失败！119. The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. 对明天最好的准备就是今天做到最好。120. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. 你已经一无所有，没有什么道理不顺心而为。(乔布斯) 121. Life is a journey, one that is much better traveled with a companion by our side. 人生是一场旅程，我们最好结伴同行。122. Sometimes you have to fall before you can fly. 有时候，你得先跌下去，才能飞起来。123. If you are able to appreciate beauty in the ordinary, your life will be more vibrant. 如果你擅于欣赏平凡中的美好，你的生活会更加多姿多彩。124. Be who you are, and never ever apologize for that! 坚持做自己，并永远不要为此而后悔！125. Consider the bad times as down payment for the good times. Hang in there. 把苦日子当做好日子的首付，坚持就是胜利！126. Do not pray for easy lives, pray to be stronger. 与其祈求生活平淡点，还不如祈求自己强大点。127. Everybody can fly without wings when they hold on to their dreams. 坚持自己的梦想，即使没有翅膀也能飞翔。128. There is no such thing as a great talent without great will power. 没有伟大的意志力，便没有雄才大略。129. You can't change your situation. The only thing that you can change is how you choose to deal with it. 境遇难以改变，你能改变的唯有面对它时的态度。130. Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事，就值得做好。131. Perfection is not just about control.It's also about letting go. 完美不仅在于控制，也在于释放。《黑天鹅》 132. Dream is what makes you happy, even when you are just trying. 梦想就是一种让你感到坚持就是幸福的东西。133. Never frown,because you never know who is falling in love with your smile. 别愁眉不展，因为你不知道谁会爱上你的笑容。134. It's easy once you know how. 一旦你明白，就会很简单。135. In order to be irreplaceable, one must always be different. 要做到不可替代，就要与众不同。136. I honestly think it is better to be a failure at something you love than to be a success at something you hate. 宁愿失败地做你爱做的事情，也不要成功地做你恨做的事情。(George Burns) 137. Don't hide. Run! You'll make it to tomorrow. 别躲避，奔跑吧，你就会找到明天。138. Life comes with many challenges.The ones that should not scare us are the ones we can take on and take control of. 生活充满了挑战，唯有勇敢面对并自我掌控，我们才能克服恐惧。(安吉丽娜·朱莉) 139. Life doesn't just happen to you; you receive everything in your life based on what you've given. 一切发生在你身上的都不是碰巧。你获得什么，在于你付出了什么。140.You are more beautiful than you think. 你，要比你想象的更美丽。141. Throughout life's complications, you should maintain such a sense of elegance. 不管生活有多不容易，你都要守住自己的那一份优雅。142. When you feel like giving up, remember why you held on so long in the first place. 每当你想要放弃的时候，就想想是为了什么才一路坚持到现在。143. Enjoy your youth.You'll never be younger than you are at this very moment. 好好享受青春，你再也不会有哪个时刻会比此时更年轻了。144. You'd better bring, cause I'll bring every I've got it. 你最好全神贯注，因为我定会全力以赴！145. Take time to enjoy the simple things in life. 慢慢享受生活中的简单。146. As long as you are still alive, you will definitely encounter the good things in life. 只要活着就一定会遇上好事。147. Hold on, it gets better than you know. 挺住，事情会比你想像中要好！148. If you are fine,the sun will always shine. 你若安好，便是晴天。149. What doesn't kill you makes you stronger. 磨难会让你更强大。150. Every life deserves our respect. 每一个生命都应该被尊重。151. The best feeling in the world is when you know your heart is smiling. 世间最美好的感受，就是发现自己的心在笑。152. Don't ever underestimate the heart of a champion. 永远不要低估一颗冠军的心。(Rudy Tomjanovich) 153. There is nothing permanent except change. 唯一不变的是变化。154. The difference between successful persons and others is that they really act. 成功者和其他人最大的区别就是，他们真正动手去做了。155. Don't follow the crowd, let the crowd follow you. 不要随波逐流，要引领潮流。(Margaret Thatcher) 156. People pay in advance for a coffee meant for someone who cannot afford a warm beverage. 人们提前买咖啡，让付不起的人享受温暖。157. No one is born a genius.Just keep on doing what you like and that itself is a talent. 哪有什么天才！坚持做你喜欢的事情，这本身就是一种天赋。(大野智) 158. The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page. 世界是一本书，不旅行的人只读了其中一页。159. You can create something more glorious than the championship. 你可以创造比冠军更荣耀的事。160. You never get a second chance to make a first impression. 永远没有第二次机会，给人留下第一印象。161. You can always be a worse version of "him", or better version of yourself. 你不是要做一个单纯优秀的人，而是要做一个不可替代的人。162. Give every day the chance to become the most beautiful day of your life. 让每一天都有机会成为你人生中最美好的一天。163. Honesty is the best policy. 做人以诚信为本。164. To a crazy ship all winds are contrary. 对于一只漫无目标的船而言，任何方向的风都是逆风。165. The outer world you see is a reflection of your inner self. 你看到什么样的世界，你就拥有什么样的内心。166. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。167. Knowing what you cannot do is far more important than knowing what you are capable of. 知道自己不能做什么远比知道自己能做什么重要。168. People cry, not because they're weak. It's because they've been strong for too long. 哭泣，不代表脆弱，只因坚强了太久。169. Don't let yesterday use up too much of today. 别留念昨天了，把握好今天吧。(Will Rogers) 170. If you are not brave enough, no one will back you up. 你不勇敢，没人替你坚强。171. If you don't build your dream, someone will hire you to build theirs. 如果你没有梦想，那么你只能为别人的梦想打工。172. Beauty is all around, if you just open your heart to see. 只要你给自己机会，你会发现你的世界可以很美丽。173. The difference in winning and losing is most often...not quitting. 赢与输的差别通常是--不放弃。(华特·迪士尼) 174. I am ordinary yet unique. 我很平凡，但我独一无二。175. I like people who make me laugh in spite of myself. 我喜欢那些让我笑起来的人，就算是我不想笑的时候。176. Image a new story for your life and start living it. 为你的生命想一个全新剧本，并去倾情出演吧！177. I'd rather be a happy fool than a sad sage. 做个悲伤的智者，不如做个开心的傻子。178. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. 未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。(埃莉诺·罗斯福) 179. Even if you get no applause, you should accept a curtain call gracefully and appreciate your own efforts. 即使没有人为你鼓掌，也要优雅的谢幕，感谢自己的认真付出。180. Don't let dream just be your dream. 别让梦想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 没有笑声的一天是浪费了的一天。(卓别林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧，见的世面多了，你会发现原来在意的那些结根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功关键都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what. 开心一点吧，管它会怎样。185. A good plan today is better than a perfect plan tomorrow. 今天的好计划胜过明天的完美计划。186. Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible'! 一切皆有可能！“不可能”的意思是：“不，可能。”(奥黛丽·赫本) 187. Life isn't fair, but no matter your circumstances, you have to give it your all. 生活是不公平的，不管你的境遇如何，你只能全力以赴。188. No matter how hard it is, just keep going because you only fail when you give up. 无论多么艰难，都要继续前进，因为只有你放弃的那一刻，你才输了。189. It requires hard work to give off an appearance of effortlessness. 你必须十分努力，才能看起来毫不费力。190. Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance,you must keep moving. 人生就像骑单车，只有不断前进，才能保持平衡。(爱因斯坦) 191. Be thankful for what you have.You'll end up having more. 拥有一颗感恩的心，最终你会得到更多。192. Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. 美是一种内心的感觉，并反映在你的眼睛里。(索菲亚·罗兰) 193. Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows. 朋友的作用，就是让你快乐加倍，痛苦减半。194. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you. 当你真心渴望某样东西时，整个宇宙都会来帮忙。 When Paul Jobs was mustered out of the Coast Guard after World War II, he made a wager with his crewmates. They had arrived in San Francisco, where their ship was decommissioned, and Paul bet that he would find himself a wife within two weeks. He was a taut, tattooed engine mechanic, six feet tall, with a passing resemblance to James Dean. But it wasn’t his looks that got him a date with Clara Hagopian, a sweet-humored daughter of Armenian immigrants. It was the fact that he and his friends had a car, unlike the group she had originally planned to go out with that evening. Ten days later, in March 1946, Paul got engaged to Clara and won his wager. It would turn out to be a happy marriage, one that lasted until death parted them more than forty years later. Paul Reinhold Jobs had been raised on a dairy farm in Germantown, Wisconsin. Even though his father was an alcoholic and sometimes abusive, Paul ended up with a gentle and calm disposition under his leathery exterior. After dropping out of high school, he wandered through the Midwest picking up work as a mechanic until, at age nineteen, he joined the Coast Guard, even though he didn’t know how to swim. He was deployed on the USS General M. C. Meigs and spent much of the war ferrying troops to Italy for General Patton. His talent as a machinist and fireman earned him commendations, but he occasionally found himself in minor trouble and never rose above the rank of seaman. Clara was born in New Jersey, where her parents had landed after fleeing the Turks in Armenia, and they moved to the Mission District of San Francisco when she was a child. She had a secret that she rarely mentioned to anyone: She had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. So when she met Paul Jobs on that first date, she was primed to start a new life. Like many who lived through the war, they had experienced enough excitement that, when it was over, they desired simply to settle down, raise a family, and lead a less eventful life. They had little money, so they moved to Wisconsin and lived with Paul’s parents for a few years, then headed for Indiana, where he got a job as a machinist for International Harvester. His passion was tinkering with old cars, and he made money in his spare time buying, restoring, and selling them. Eventually he quit his day job to become a full-time used car salesman. Clara, however, loved San Francisco, and in 1952 she convinced her husband to move back there. They got an apartment in the Sunset District facing the Pacific, just south of Golden Gate Park, and he took a job working for a finance company as a “repo man,” picking the locks of cars whose owners hadn’t paid their loans and repossessing them. He also bought, repaired, and sold some of the cars, making a decent enough living in the process. There was, however, something missing in their lives. They wanted children, but Clara had suffered an ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg was implanted in a fallopian tube rather than the uterus, and she had been unable to have any. So by 1955, after nine years of marriage, they were looking to adopt a child. Like Paul Jobs, Joanne Schieble was from a rural Wisconsin family of German heritage. Her father, Arthur Schieble, had immigrated to the outskirts of Green Bay, where he and his wife owned a mink farm and dabbled successfully in various other businesses, including real estate and photoengraving. He was very strict, especially regarding his daughter’s relationships, and he had strongly disapproved of her first love, an artist who was not a Catholic. Thus it was no surprise that he threatened to cut Joanne off completely when, as a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, she fell in love with Abdulfattah “John” Jandali, a Muslim teaching assistant from Syria. Jandali was the youngest of nine children in a prominent Syrian family. His father owned oil refineries and multiple other businesses, with large holdings in Damascus and Homs, and at one point pretty much controlled the price of wheat in the region. His mother, he later said, was a “traditional Muslim woman” who was a “conservative, obedient housewife.” Like the Schieble family, the Jandalis put a premium on education. Abdulfattah was sent to a Jesuit boarding school, even though he was Muslim, and he got an undergraduate degree at the American University in Beirut before entering the University of Wisconsin to pursue a doctoral degree in political science. In the summer of 1954, Joanne went with Abdulfattah to Syria. They spent two months in Homs, where she learned from his family to cook Syrian dishes. When they returned to Wisconsin she discovered that she was pregnant. They were both twenty-three, but they decided not to get married. Her father was dying at the time, and he had threatened to disown her if she wed Abdulfattah. Nor was abortion an easy option in a small Catholic community. So in early 1955, Joanne traveled to San Francisco, where she was taken into the care of a kindly doctor who sheltered unwed mothers, delivered their babies, and quietly arranged closed adoptions. Joanne had one requirement: Her child must be adopted by college graduates. So the doctor arranged for the baby to be placed with a lawyer and his wife. But when a boy was born—on February 24, 1955—the designated couple decided that they wanted a girl and backed out. Thus it was that the boy became the son not of a lawyer but of a high school dropout with a passion for mechanics and his salt-of-the-earth wife who was working as a bookkeeper. Paul and Clara named their new baby Steven Paul Jobs. When Joanne found out that her baby had been placed with a couple who had not even graduated from high school, she refused to sign the adoption papers. The standoff lasted weeks, even after the baby had settled into the Jobs household. Eventually Joanne relented, with the stipulation that the couple promise—indeed sign a pledge—to fund a savings account to pay for the boy’s college education. There was another reason that Joanne was balky about signing the adoption papers. Her father was about to die, and she planned to marry Jandali soon after. She held out hope, she would later来源：小兵说天下
关键时期，俄罗斯将向印度交付大批战机
大规模世界经济危机一年内可能爆发!
今天，美国再下黑手！华为中兴再挨枪
美国参议院通过《香港问责法》，制裁措施骤然升级
商务合作请加微信2150111或加qq2150111