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疯了!日本决定将福岛核废水排入太平洋,这或将影响每一个人

凭海观潮 2021-04-27

来源:北美留学生日报

福岛核泄漏事件已经过去10年了
日本人终于撕下伪装
决定将核污水排放到太平洋

有生之年
我们再次见证了切尔诺贝利
现实情况比想象的
更糟糕!

01

时间拨回2011年3月。

一场罕见的9.0级大地震袭击了日本
东北、北海道、关东等东部地区,
这次地震是有记录以来日本发生规模最大的地震。

随即而来的巨大海啸和
接踵而至的余震
更使得许多沿海地区被淹没,
无数沿海城市与人造设施遭到直接摧毁。

据统计,
仅宫城一县死亡及失踪人数便接近11,000人,
经济损失更是难以估量。

(被海啸摧毁的岩手县大船渡市)(图源:维基百科)

更可怕的还在后头。

地震引发的海啸,
引起了福岛第一核电站的一系列
设备损毁、堆芯熔毁、辐射释放等
核能灾害

这场该震灾成为日本历史上
伤亡最惨重、经济损失最严重的
自然灾害之一。

(图源:凤凰网)

地震和海啸造成的房屋倾倒,
基础设施被损毁在灾后可以花时间重建。

但是,
核泄露对附近居民带来的辐射,
却是无法估量的危害。

福岛核泄漏之后,
放射性水被排放到了太平洋中,
随着洋流扩散,
后果不堪设想。


如何处理污水,
不光成了日本的难题,
也成了世界难题。

而日本的回答也简单粗暴:
已经没办法了,
只能是太平洋,
太平洋的海水会稀释有害物质......


02

众所周知,核污水有危害。

但危害是什么?
对我们普通人有没有伤害?
这些回答我们知道吗?

要讨论这个问题,
先要看一下福岛的核污水究竟有多少?

截至2019年初的数据,
福岛第一核电站院内共储存了
大约112万吨含放射性氚的污染水。
这一数字还在以每年五万至八万吨的速度增加。

照这个速度泄露,
到2022年夏天时,
福岛核电站将出现污染水存放空间不足的难题。


日本政府相关部门此前曾研究了
“注入地层”、“排放入海”、“蒸发释放”
五种可能的方案,
但是一直都没有定论。

溶入水中的放射性物质氚很难被分离清除,
吸入将对人体有害。

虽然将污水排放能使氚稀释,
但这种放射物质一旦在人体内累积,
伤害将不可估量。

图源:新华社

其实,
自始至终,
日本的答案一直只有一个——
太平洋。

日本一直以来都把太平洋,
当成了一个天然的排放容器,
只是迫于国际舆论压力不想承认而已。

离日本最近的韩国,
很早之前就已经发现128吨污水被偷偷排放。


为什么太平洋会是日本的最终选择?
这个问题还要从日本政府应对
核泄漏的一系列措施说起,
一切本应有更好的解决办法。

要说被西媒拿出来鞭尸多年的“切尔诺比利”
和“福岛核泄漏”事件有什么不同?

那就是——

“切尔诺比利”是一爆发就是7级,
而“福岛”是硬生生作出来的7级。

(《切尔诺贝利》)

03

当地震发生时,
福岛核电站共有3座核反应堆在运转。

图源:纪录片截图

核电站运行是需要用电的,
但311大地震太厉害了,
把输送到核电站的输电线给整短路了,
导致核电站处于停摆状态。

为了让核电站的冷却措施能继续进行,
他们启用柴油发电机继续为核电站供电。

图源:纪录片截图

然而,人算不如天算。

地震造成的海啸向福岛核电站扑来,
有6层楼那么高(14~15米),
这下可彻底完蛋了。
核电站的设计从来没有考虑过如此恐怖的海浪。

海水很快灌满了核电站的地下室
把放在那的柴油发动机给整故障了,
相关的设备也被冲走或损坏,
此时,
福岛核电站可彻底没电了!

(海啸到达高度)图源:www.sankei.com

有童鞋表示,
停电能有多大事?

停电事可大了!
要知道,
核电站发电需要用到核裂变,
要停止核裂变需要冷却核燃料,
而冷却过程需要用电。

一般情况下,
从停止核裂变到安定停机状态,
需要20个小时。
如果没电了,
核燃料就无法被冷却,
核裂变反应就会一直进行下去,
融穿一切

日本政府也知道停电的危害,
他们紧急从全国调用直升飞机运送卡车式发电机。
结果,
风尘滚滚飞到现场,
才发现电源插头匹配不上

如此低级的操作失误,
大大耽误了抢险时间,
导致“恢复供电”营救行动宣告失败。

与此同时,
位于核反应堆堆芯的冷却水就被加热沸腾了。

现在,
整个核电站反应堆就像一锅刚煮熟的皮蛋瘦肉粥,
各种化学元素在高温下开始互相反应,
产生氧气和氢气。

学过基本化学知识的童鞋们都知道,
此时的核电站,
就是一颗定时炸弹。

然后,轮到东京电力公司的人出来作了:“没事,核电站绝对不会发生爆炸。”


3月12日1号反应堆发生爆炸,
3月14日3号反应堆发生爆炸,
3月15日2号反应堆发生爆炸。

炸炸炸被打脸的同时,
重头戏来了,
反应堆堆芯发生熔毁

图源:纪录片截图

熔毁有多严重呢?
一般来说,
反应堆都长这样,核燃料待在原子炉里。

图源:纪录片截图

堆芯熔毁后,核燃料就掉到安全壳底部。

图源:纪录片截图

此时,
还没结束,
核裂变不经过特殊技术处理是很难停止的。

也就是说,
在持续的高温环境下,
安全壳底部那厚厚的水泥层,
也会有被融毁的一天。

图源:softwaremonster.com

如果安全壳被熔毁了,
那就惨了,
想象一下,
把一堆永不冷却的高放射性“岩浆”放进自然界,
会是什么情况?

首先,
日本的地下水会受污染,
全日本的水都只能进口,
日本的生态就毁了。

04

当年,
切诺贝利事件发生时,
前苏联人动用了几十万鲜活的生命。
从底部打通一个安全通道,
在核电站垂直正下方加装了一个安全层,
才得以让危机不再向下扩展。


反观日本呢?

制造机器人派往辐射区。

安排机器人在辐射区周边环境作业。
此举看起来非常健康合理,
但实际上,
对于处理“真正的危机” - 收集堆熔后的核燃料,
用处不大。
因为大部分电子设备,
还没等到靠近核燃料那一刻,
就已经被巨量的辐射损坏了。

图源:纪录片截图

“不知道”怎么处理大量的海水。

据新华社报道,

“1-3号机在受损后,被注入大量水为融化的核燃料降温。加上不断流入厂房基地的地下水,
目前为止被核污染的水有约96万吨,这些水存在高约10米的储存罐里,现在已经存了约1000个。”

图源:新华社

那这些被辐射的污水该如何处理呢?

东京电力公司曾对此表示,
我们会把水倒到海里,
但不用担心,
倒到海里的水都是“净化过的”。

然而,
看看他们周围那些海产品。


喜欢吃生蚝的人看到这个一定会眼前一亮吧,
但是如果告诉你这是福岛海岸发现的呢?
还敢吃吗?

掩耳盗铃,大幅度拔高安全标准。

核事故发生后,
日本当局很快把每年人均可接受辐射水平
由1毫希大幅提升至20毫希。
意思很明确了:
既然以往的标准不再安全,
那就把标准拔高20倍,
再告诉你,
这里很安全。

日本政府一直拒绝对外承认核辐射的负面影响。

实际上,
在福岛事件发生仅一年之后,
当地就首次发现了儿童患有甲状腺癌。
虽然,
核泄漏事故有关评估小组多次发布调查报告表示,
辐射和未成年人患甲状腺癌并无关系。


但是,
仅2013年9月至2014年2月,
18岁以下患病人数就从59例增加至72例,
这个比例已经远远高于日本青少年的平均值。

可怕的是,
就在三个月后,
2018年12月,
为了消除日本大地震和福岛核电站泄漏的负面影响。
日本政府邀请了多家中国媒体
对福岛核电站周边进行现场采访和考察,
并要求中国恢复采购福岛农产品和海产品。


05

灾难发生之后,
市政府立刻下达了撤离的指令,
方圆20公里在几天之内就没有了人类的的活动。

随着时间的不断推移,
核泄露所造成的后遗症开始随之显现。

由于核反应堆池壁破损,
多年来一直在向外排放核污染废水,
周边的动植物很多都受到了辐射而变异。


下图是一个没来得及撤离被核辐射污染过的小女孩:


如今她已经被隔离,
她的家人也只能隔着厚厚的玻璃看上一眼。


就连生活在福岛事故区附近的日本野生猕猴
都被发现体内白血球和红血球水平低于正常水平,
而且在它们体内探测到了铯。
这些都使得它们的免疫力下降,
“稍显贫血”,更容易感染疾病。


就连蝴蝶美丽的翅膀都萎缩了。

2016年,
日本广播协会(NHK)在福岛核灾难五年之际
制作了一部纪录片——
“辐射森林”(Radioactive Forest),
讲述了福岛周边城镇五年来的变化。

那些原本只在夜里出现的野猪,
成群结队地出现在大街小巷,
毫不惧怕人类。


还有麝猫、猕猴、红狐、野鸡等动物……


蛇的身体里全都是放射性物质。


东京大学的教授承认,
如今的福岛就像是一个
巨大的核辐射污染实验室。


政府下令禁止买卖在此区域出产的食物,
东京政府官员一度建议
避免使用自来水调制料理给婴儿饮食,
紧急疏散时所有人都以为只是暂时的撤离,
没想到那里却成了多少人
从此之后再也没有回去过的家。

这么多年过去了,
福岛的辐射区像是被时间抛弃了一般,
没有生机,
没有时间的流动。


日本的一位摄影师在核泄漏7年之后去了福岛,
为了给人们还原一个真实的灾后“鬼城”。
进入福岛之前得通过地方审批,
同意之后必须要身着防辐射服才能进去。


街上洗衣店里的衣服
还是7年前的那个下午留下来的。


书店里摆放得整整齐齐的书和CD,记录着这里曾经的热闹。


超市货架上的货物因为地震被倾洒了一地,也不知道还会不会有人再来把它们放回原位。


这里的一切都静止在那个时间节点。
进入这里,
便仿佛被隔离在时间的洪流之外。

然而,
能造成这么严重的核泄漏灾害的原因,
不是“天灾”,而是“人祸”。


06

比起灾难本身,
更可怕的是对灾难真实情况的隐瞒。

据新华网报道:

”自核事故发生之日起,日本方面就多次出现信息公布不及时、不完整甚至前后矛盾的情况日本政府有意无意对事实淡化处理,几乎成为相关国际机构和专家的普遍观感。”
“福岛核事故作为人类历史上仅有的两次7级核事故之一,各国专家对其影响仍知之甚少。”

16年,
日本东电负责人就对隐瞒“堆芯熔化”一事道歉。


但我们并不知道,
日本政府和东电隐瞒的事情还有多少。

如今,
日本算是撕下伪装,
决定将核污水彻底排放进太平洋,
重小礼而无大义,
将福岛和东亚的安全抛之脑后。

这是日本的一场灾难,
也将是世界的一场灾难。



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Every step towards your dream today is a step away from your regret tomorrow. 今日为梦想所付出的每一份努力都会减少明日的一份后悔。72. It's never too late to be what you might have been. 勇敢做自己,永远都不迟。(乔治·艾略特) 73. It's time to start living the life you've imagined. 是时候开始过自己想要的生活了!95. How can men succumb to force? 男人怎么能屈服于“武力”之下?《海贼王》 96. Life is like live TV show. There is no rehearsal. 人生没有彩排,只有现场直播。97. Dress shabbily and they remember the dress; dress impeccably and they remember the woman. 穿着破旧,人们记住衣服;穿着无瑕,人们则记住衣服里的女人。(Coco Chanel) 98. Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things. And no good thing ever dies. 希望是一件好事,也许是人间至善,而美好的事永不消逝。《肖申克的救赎》 99. There are so many beautiful reasons to be happy. 有太多太多美好的理由让你笑对生活。100. Where the more different you are, the better. 你们之间越是不同,越好。(Glee) 101. I'm only brave when I have to be. Being brave doesn't mean you go looking for trouble. 我只在必要时才勇敢,勇敢并不代表你要到处闯祸。《狮子王》 102. Behind every successful man there's a lot of unsuccessful years. 每个牛B的成功者都经历过苦B的岁月。(鲍博.布朗) 103. If you want something done, do it yourself. 靠谁都不如靠自己。《第五元素》 104. Life is a wonderful journey. Make it your journey and not someone else's. 生命是一段精彩旅程,要活的有自己的样子,而不是别人的影子。105. No matter how many mistakes you make or how slowly you progress, you are already ahead of those who never tried. 无论你犯了多少错,或者进步得有多慢,你都走在了那些不曾尝试的人的前面。106. Some things are so important that they force us to overcome our fears. 总有些更重要的事情,赋予我们打败恐惧的勇气。107. Say to yourself: "No matter how many obstacles I encounter in life, I will do all that I can to complete the whole course." 请对自己说:无论生活之路上会遇到多少障碍,我会竭尽所能地跑完这一程。108. No cross, no crown. 不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。109. Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. 与其努力成功,不如努力成为有价值的人。(爱因斯坦) 110. Remember when life's path is steep to keep your mind even. 记住:当人生很苦逼的时候,你要保持淡定。111. If you're brave enough to say GOODBYE, life will reward you with a new HELLO. 只要你勇敢地说出再见,生活一定会给你一个新的开始。112. Sometimes the right path is not the easiest one. 对的那条路,往往不是最好走的。113. Just trust yourself, then you will know how to live. 只要相信自己,你就会懂得如何去生活。114. In life it's not where you go. It's who you travel with. 生命中,重要的不是你去哪里,而是与谁同行。115. Life is like a rainbow. You don't always know what's on the other side, but you know it's there. 生活像一道彩虹,你不知道另一端通向哪里,但你会知道,它总是在那里。116. When the world says,"Give up!"Hope whispers,"Try it one more time." 当全世界都在说“放弃”的时候,希望却在耳边轻轻地说:“再试一次吧”!117. I don't care about other questions and I just try to be myself. 我不在乎别人的质疑,我只会做好自己。118. Attempt doesn't necessarily bring success, but giving up definitely leads to failure. 努力不一定成功,但放弃一定失败!119. The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today. 对明天最好的准备就是今天做到最好。120. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. 你已经一无所有,没有什么道理不顺心而为。(乔布斯) 121. Life is a journey, one that is much better traveled with a companion by our side. 人生是一场旅程,我们最好结伴同行。122. Sometimes you have to fall before you can fly. 有时候,你得先跌下去,才能飞起来。123. If you are able to appreciate beauty in the ordinary, your life will be more vibrant. 如果你擅于欣赏平凡中的美好,你的生活会更加多姿多彩。124. Be who you are, and never ever apologize for that! 坚持做自己,并永远不要为此而后悔!125. Consider the bad times as down payment for the good times. Hang in there. 把苦日子当做好日子的首付,坚持就是胜利!126. Do not pray for easy lives, pray to be stronger. 与其祈求生活平淡点,还不如祈求自己强大点。127. Everybody can fly without wings when they hold on to their dreams. 坚持自己的梦想,即使没有翅膀也能飞翔。128. There is no such thing as a great talent without great will power. 没有伟大的意志力,便没有雄才大略。129. You can't change your situation. The only thing that you can change is how you choose to deal with it. 境遇难以改变,你能改变的唯有面对它时的态度。130. Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事,就值得做好。131. Perfection is not just about control.It's also about letting go. 完美不仅在于控制,也在于释放。《黑天鹅》 132. Dream is what makes you happy, even when you are just trying. 梦想就是一种让你感到坚持就是幸福的东西。133. Never frown,because you never know who is falling in love with your smile. 别愁眉不展,因为你不知道谁会爱上你的笑容。134. It's easy once you know how. 一旦你明白,就会很简单。135. In order to be irreplaceable, one must always be different. 要做到不可替代,就要与众不同。136. I honestly think it is better to be a failure at something you love than to be a success at something you hate. 宁愿失败地做你爱做的事情,也不要成功地做你恨做的事情。(George Burns) 137. Don't hide. Run! You'll make it to tomorrow. 别躲避,奔跑吧,你就会找到明天。138. Life comes with many challenges.The ones that should not scare us are the ones we can take on and take control of. 生活充满了挑战,唯有勇敢面对并自我掌控,我们才能克服恐惧。(安吉丽娜·朱莉) 139. Life doesn't just happen to you; you receive everything in your life based on what you've given. 一切发生在你身上的都不是碰巧。你获得什么,在于你付出了什么。140.You are more beautiful than you think. 你,要比你想象的更美丽。141. Throughout life's complications, you should maintain such a sense of elegance. 不管生活有多不容易,你都要守住自己的那一份优雅。142. When you feel like giving up, remember why you held on so long in the first place. 每当你想要放弃的时候,就想想是为了什么才一路坚持到现在。143. Enjoy your youth.You'll never be younger than you are at this very moment. 好好享受青春,你再也不会有哪个时刻会比此时更年轻了。144. You'd better bring, cause I'll bring every I've got it. 你最好全神贯注,因为我定会全力以赴!145. Take time to enjoy the simple things in life. 慢慢享受生活中的简单。146. As long as you are still alive, you will definitely encounter the good things in life. 只要活着就一定会遇上好事。147. Hold on, it gets better than you know. 挺住,事情会比你想像中要好!148. If you are fine,the sun will always shine. 你若安好,便是晴天。149. What doesn't kill you makes you stronger. 磨难会让你更强大。150. Every life deserves our respect. 每一个生命都应该被尊重。151. The best feeling in the world is when you know your heart is smiling. 世间最美好的感受,就是发现自己的心在笑。152. Don't ever underestimate the heart of a champion. 永远不要低估一颗冠军的心。(Rudy Tomjanovich) 153. There is nothing permanent except change. 唯一不变的是变化。154. The difference between successful persons and others is that they really act. 成功者和其他人最大的区别就是,他们真正动手去做了。155. Don't follow the crowd, let the crowd follow you. 不要随波逐流,要引领潮流。(Margaret Thatcher) 156. People pay in advance for a coffee meant for someone who cannot afford a warm beverage. 人们提前买咖啡,让付不起的人享受温暖。157. No one is born a genius.Just keep on doing what you like and that itself is a talent. 哪有什么天才!坚持做你喜欢的事情,这本身就是一种天赋。(大野智) 158. The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page. 世界是一本书,不旅行的人只读了其中一页。159. You can create something more glorious than the championship. 你可以创造比冠军更荣耀的事。160. You never get a second chance to make a first impression. 永远没有第二次机会,给人留下第一印象。161. You can always be a worse version of "him", or better version of yourself. 你不是要做一个单纯优秀的人,而是要做一个不可替代的人。162. Give every day the chance to become the most beautiful day of your life. 让每一天都有机会成为你人生中最美好的一天。163. Honesty is the best policy. 做人以诚信为本。164. To a crazy ship all winds are contrary. 对于一只漫无目标的船而言,任何方向的风都是逆风。165. The outer world you see is a reflection of your inner self. 你看到什么样的世界,你就拥有什么样的内心。166. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。167. Knowing what you cannot do is far more important than knowing what you are capable of. 知道自己不能做什么远比知道自己能做什么重要。168. People cry, not because they're weak. It's because they've been strong for too long. 哭泣,不代表脆弱,只因坚强了太久。169. Don't let yesterday use up too much of today. 别留念昨天了,把握好今天吧。(Will Rogers) 170. If you are not brave enough, no one will back you up. 你不勇敢,没人替你坚强。171. If you don't build your dream, someone will hire you to build theirs. 如果你没有梦想,那么你只能为别人的梦想打工。172. Beauty is all around, if you just open your heart to see. 只要你给自己机会,你会发现你的世界可以很美丽。173. The difference in winning and losing is most often...not quitting. 赢与输的差别通常是--不放弃。(华特·迪士尼) 174. I am ordinary yet unique. 我很平凡,但我独一无二。175. I like people who make me laugh in spite of myself. 我喜欢那些让我笑起来的人,就算是我不想笑的时候。176. Image a new story for your life and start living it. 为你的生命想一个全新剧本,并去倾情出演吧!177. I'd rather be a happy fool than a sad sage. 做个悲伤的智者,不如做个开心的傻子。178. The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. 未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。(埃莉诺·罗斯福) 179. Even if you get no applause, you should accept a curtain call gracefully and appreciate your own efforts. 即使没有人为你鼓掌,也要优雅的谢幕,感谢自己的认真付出。180. Don't let dream just be your dream. 别让梦想只停留在梦里。181. A day without laughter is a day wasted. 没有笑声的一天是浪费了的一天。(卓别林) 182. Travel and see the world; afterwards, you will be able to put your concerns in perspective. 去旅行吧,见的世面多了,你会发现原来在意的那些结根本算不了什么。183. The key to acquiring proficiency in any task is repetition. 任何事情成功关键都是熟能生巧。《生活大爆炸》 184. You can be happy no matter what. 开心一点吧,管它会怎样。185. A good plan today is better than a perfect plan tomorrow. 今天的好计划胜过明天的完美计划。186. Nothing is impossible, the word itself says 'I'm possible'! 一切皆有可能!“不可能”的意思是:“不,可能。”(奥黛丽·赫本) 187. Life isn't fair, but no matter your circumstances, you have to give it your all. 生活是不公平的,不管你的境遇如何,你只能全力以赴。188. No matter how hard it is, just keep going because you only fail when you give up. 无论多么艰难,都要继续前进,因为只有你放弃的那一刻,你才输了。189. It requires hard work to give off an appearance of effortlessness. 你必须十分努力,才能看起来毫不费力。190. Life is like riding a bicycle.To keep your balance,you must keep moving. 人生就像骑单车,只有不断前进,才能保持平衡。(爱因斯坦) 191. Be thankful for what you have.You'll end up having more. 拥有一颗感恩的心,最终你会得到更多。192. Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. 美是一种内心的感觉,并反映在你的眼睛里。(索菲亚·罗兰) 193. Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows. 朋友的作用,就是让你快乐加倍,痛苦减半。194. When you long for something sincerely, the whole world will help you. 当你真心渴望某样东西时,整个宇宙都会来帮忙。     When Paul Jobs was mustered out of the Coast Guard after World War II, he made a wager with his crewmates. They had arrived in San Francisco, where their ship was decommissioned, and Paul bet that he would find himself a wife within two weeks. He was a taut, tattooed engine mechanic, six feet tall, with a passing resemblance to James Dean. But it wasn’t his looks that got him a date with Clara Hagopian, a sweet-humored daughter of Armenian immigrants. It was the fact that he and his friends had a car, unlike the group she had originally planned to go out with that evening. Ten days later, in March 1946, Paul got engaged to Clara and won his wager. It would turn out to be a happy marriage, one that lasted until death parted them more than forty years later. Paul Reinhold Jobs had been raised on a dairy farm in Germantown, Wisconsin. Even though his father was an alcoholic and sometimes abusive, Paul ended up with a gentle and calm disposition under his leathery exterior. After dropping out of high school, he wandered through the Midwest picking up work as a mechanic until, at age nineteen, he joined the Coast Guard, even though he didn’t know how to swim. He was deployed on the USS General M. C. Meigs and spent much of the war ferrying troops to Italy for General Patton. His talent as a machinist and fireman earned him commendations, but he occasionally found himself in minor trouble and never rose above the rank of seaman. Clara was born in New Jersey, where her parents had landed after fleeing the Turks in Armenia, and they moved to the Mission District of San Francisco when she was a child. She had a secret that she rarely mentioned to anyone: She had been married before, but her husband had been killed in the war. So when she met Paul Jobs on that first date, she was primed to start a new life. Like many who lived through the war, they had experienced enough excitement that, when it was over, they desired simply to settle down, raise a family, and lead a less eventful life. They had little money, so they moved to Wisconsin and lived with Paul’s parents for a few years, then headed for Indiana, where he got a job as a machinist for International Harvester. His passion was tinkering with old cars, and he made money in his spare time buying, restoring, and selling them. Eventually he quit his day job to become a full-time used car salesman. Clara, however, loved San Francisco, and in 1952 she convinced her husband to move back there. They got an apartment in the Sunset District facing the Pacific, just south of Golden Gate Park, and he took a job working for a finance company as a “repo man,” picking the locks of cars whose owners hadn’t paid their loans and repossessing them. He also bought, repaired, and sold some of the cars, making a decent enough living in the process. There was, however, something missing in their lives. They wanted children, but Clara had suffered an ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized egg was implanted in a fallopian tube rather than the uterus, and she had been unable to have any. So by 1955, after nine years of marriage, they were looking to adopt a child. Like Paul Jobs, Joanne Schieble was from a rural Wisconsin family of German heritage. Her father, Arthur Schieble, had immigrated to the outskirts of Green Bay, where he and his wife owned a mink farm and dabbled successfully in various other businesses, including real estate and photoengraving. He was very strict, especially regarding his daughter’s relationships, and he had strongly disapproved of her first love, an artist who was not a Catholic. Thus it was no surprise that he threatened to cut Joanne off completely when, as a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, she fell in love with Abdulfattah “John” Jandali, a Muslim teaching assistant from Syria. Jandali was the youngest of nine children in a prominent Syrian family. His father owned oil refineries and multiple other businesses, with large holdings in Damascus and Homs, and at one point pretty much controlled the price of wheat in the region. His mother, he later said, was a “traditional Muslim woman” who was a “conservative, obedient housewife.” Like the Schieble family, the Jandalis put a premium on education. Abdulfattah was sent to a Jesuit boarding school, even though he was Muslim, and he got an undergraduate degree at the American University in Beirut before entering the University of Wisconsin to pursue a doctoral degree in political science. In the summer of 1954, Joanne went with Abdulfattah to Syria. They spent two months in Homs, where she learned from his family to cook Syrian dishes. When they returned to Wisconsin she discovered that she was pregnant. They were both twenty-three, but they decided not to get married. Her father was dying at the time, and he had threatened to disown her if she wed Abdulfattah. Nor was abortion an easy option in a small Catholic community. So in early 1955, Joanne traveled to San Francisco, where she was taken into the care of a kindly doctor who sheltered unwed mothers, delivered their babies, and quietly arranged closed adoptions. Joanne had one requirement: Her child must be adopted by college graduates. So the doctor arranged for the baby to be placed with a lawyer and his wife. But when a boy was born—on February 24, 1955—the designated couple decided that they wanted a girl and backed out. Thus it was that the boy became the son not of a lawyer but of a high school dropout with a passion for mechanics and his salt-of-the-earth wife who was working as a bookkeeper. Paul and Clara named their new baby Steven Paul Jobs. When Joanne found out that her baby had been placed with a couple who had not even graduated from high school, she refused to sign the adoption papers. The standoff lasted weeks, even after the baby had settled into the Jobs household. Eventually Joanne relented, with the stipulation that the couple promise—indeed sign a pledge—to fund a savings account to pay for the boy’s college education. There was another reason that Joanne was balky about signing the adoption papers. Her father was about to die, and she planned to marry Jandali soon after. She held out hope, she would later来源:小兵说天下

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