数字经济下数据共享理路的反思与再造——以数据类型化考察为视角
《上海财经大学学报》 2020年22卷第2期 页码：122 - 137 online：2020年3月26日
数字经济下数据共享理路的反思与再造——以数据类型化考察为视角
Rethinking and Restructuring of the Rational Way of Data Sharing in Digital Economy: From the Perspective of Data Typing
作者（中）：陈兵, 顾丹丹
作者（英）：Chen Bing, Gu Dandan
作者单位：1.南开大学 法学院，天津 300350
摘要：我国现行司法和立法对数字经济发展中的核心问题，数据确权及保护给予了足够重视，这为促进数字经济发展提供了良好的制度及运行环境。随着互联网平台经济新业态的高速发展，平台企业对海量数据的采集、存储、分析、使用行为引起了对现行市场规制法律体系的挑战。推动数据共享已成为当前数字经济发展进程中亟待回应的现实要求。实现数据共享，确保数据保护与共享的同频同步既是数据运行规律的内在要求，亦是保持数字经济高质量发展的外部诉求。为此，在以“差别且平等”的数据共享原则为指导的大前提下，建立基于“动态兼容性权益”权属构造，在实现不同类型数据在承载不同主体的权益需求的同时，同一类数据也能够承载不同主体的权益需求，研究和开发“主体+行为+场景”的动态平衡同意机制，实现兼顾公平与效率的数据共享构造。
关键词：数字经济; 数据共享; 私权保护; 竞争开放; 数据类型化
Summary: The rapid development of digital economy in China has created a miracle of economic growth, at the same time, it also raises many legal problems. The economic rule of law is especially prominent. In essence, it involves the identification and attribution of various types of rights and interests related to data, as well as the justification of protection and the appropriateness of protection. China’s current judiciary and legislation pay enough attention to the core issues in the development of digital economy, data confirmation and protection, which provides a good system and operation environment for promoting the development of digital economy. At present, although the existing system design and practice in China, and related theoretical research results show that the relationship and the implementation between data protection and data sharing can be developed in accordance with the logic of private law that is universally applicable, which includes establishing the ownership of each type of data and practicing the private right logic of “behavior-legal interest” judgment based on tort liability law, intellectual property law and anti-unfair competition law. However, the existing research results and legal practice still show a relatively single and solidified state and mode, which fails to flexibly and effectively adapt to the real needs of mass and diversified data circulation and sharing under digital economy.With the rapid development of Internet platform economy and new business forms, the collection, storage, analysis and use of massive data by platform enterprises have brought challenges to the current legal system of market regulation, including improper collection and excessive collection of user data, and improper or illegal restrictions on the use of data by users and/or third party operators. Therefore, the promotion of data sharing has become the current digital economy in the development process of the urgent response to the practical requirements. To realize data sharing and ensure the synchronization of data protection and data sharing is not only an internal requirement of data operation law, but also an external demand to maintain the high-quality development of digital economy. High level of data protection is the only way to achieve efficient data sharing; at the time of realizing efficient data sharing, the construction of high level of data protection will be continuously stimulated. Therefore, under the guidance of the data sharing principle of “differentiated and equal”, the ownership structure based on “dynamic compatibility rights” is established. Different types of data can carry different subjects’ interest demands, while the same type of data can also carry different subjects’ interest demands. In this way, we can bridge the “high cost, low efficiency” of data sharing brought by the construction of private right model with static exclusive right as the core under the perspective of private law, and even bring the defects of potential anti-competitive risks.
Key words: digital economy; data sharing; private rights protection; competition and open; data typing
DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jsufe.2020.02.009
收稿日期：2019-12-11
基金项目：天津市教委社会科学重大项目“天津市人工智能产业发展的经济法治保障研究”（2019JWZD20）；2019年度国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“数字经济与竞争法治研究”（19FFXB028）
全文：点击下方“阅读原文”查看全文