开发区设立、区域偏向与企业绿色创新

《上海财经大学学报》 2020年22卷第4期 页码：49 - 63  online：2020年7月27日

开发区设立、区域偏向与企业绿色创新

Development Zone Establishment, Regional Bias and Enterprise Green Innovation

作者（中）：邱洋冬

作者（英）：Qiu Yangdong

作者单位：1.暨南大学 产业经济研究院，广东 广州 510632

摘要：绿色创新是推进生态文明建设与绿色发展的重要着力点。文章研究开发区设立对企业绿色创新的影响，并结合开发区政策的区域偏向特征，探讨开发区设立对东部地区与中西部地区企业绿色创新影响的差异及其逻辑机理。研究发现，开发区设立从整体上促进了企业绿色创新，并且激励作用的长期效应大于短期效应；开发区设立的中西部偏向有损经济的可持续性，开发区设立对东部地区企业的绿色创新激励效应明显大于中西部地区企业，并且从长期来看对中西部地区企业的绿色创新仍然激励不足。研究还发现，开发区绿色创新激励效应的区域异质性可能主要来源于不同地区之间市场环境、知识产权保护、本地竞争、对外开放度以及外商直接投资的差异。由此可见，开发区设立只有与本地经济特征与外部环境相适应，才能更好地推动绿色创新与环境治理共同发展。

关键词：开发区设立; 区域偏向; 绿色创新; 多期双重差分

Summary: Green innovation is an important focus for promoting the construction of ecological civilization and green development. As China’s most typical industrial agglomeration zone, whether development zones can promote park enterprises to carry out green technology innovation is an important topic that needs to be studied urgently. Based on the combination of Chinese industrial enterprise data and patent data, this paper focuses on the impact of development zone establishment on corporate green innovation through building a multi-period DID model, and combined with the regional bias characteristics of development zone policies, it discusses the difference of the impact of development zone establishment on the green innovation of enterprises in the eastern region and the central and western regions and the logical mechanism behind it. The study finds that the establishment of development zones promotes the green innovation of enterprises as a whole, which not only helps to promote the application of green utility model with lower patent value, but also helps to promote the application of green invention with more patent value. From the results of dynamic effects, the long-term incentive effect of development zone establishment on enterprise green innovation is greater than the short-term incentive effect. After the 2003 rectification of China’s development zone policies, there has been a clear central and western bias, but this regional bias may undermine economic sustainability. As a result, the green innovation incentive effect of development zone establishment on enterprises in the eastern region is significantly higher than that on enterprises in the central and western regions. Compared with the central and western regions, the establishment of development zones may more closely match the location characteristics of the eastern region and the external environment. In the long run, the establishment of development zones has significantly enhanced the incentive effect of green technology innovation for enterprises in the eastern region, while the incentive for green innovation for enterprises in the central and western regions is still insufficient, and has not achieved the expected policy guidance effect. The study also finds that the regional heterogeneity of the green innovation incentive effect in development zones may mainly come from the differences in market environment, intellectual property protection, local competition, openness to the outside world, and foreign direct investment between different regions. The establishment of development zones must be consistent with the local economy. Only by adapting the characteristics to the external environment can we better play the role of green innovation and environmental governance. This research not only expands and deepens the relevant research on development zone policies from the perspective of regional bias, but also helps to provide micro level evidence and new test standards for the evaluation on the effect of the implementation of development zone establishment policies from the new perspective of enterprise green innovation. At the same time, the conclusions of this paper can provide new policy insights for achieving a win-win situation of industrial agglomeration and ecological environment, and promoting the implementation of green development strategies.

Key words: establishment of development zones; regional bias; green innovation; multi-period DID

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jsufe.2020.04.004

收稿日期：2020-2-10

基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目“知识溢出影响创新地理的理论机制和实证研究：基于‘新’新经济地理学的视角”（71673114）

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