查看原文
其他

【英文版】“小年”文化的介绍
















腊月二十三

小年为中国传统文化中的节日,由于各地风俗不同,被称为小年的日子也不尽相同,

中国民间有“官三民四船五”的传统,官家的小年是腊月二十三,百姓家是腊月二十四,水上人家则是腊月二十五。我们北方地区的习俗是腊月二十三过小年。

  由于国外不过“小年”,所以在讲解这个文化点时需要考虑翻译的用语,以下关于“小年”文化的英文介绍,供大家参考!

小年

【off year】——出自《汉英大辞典》,是目前使用最普遍的翻译,但是这个翻译却并不贴切,因为off year在英文解释中表示“非大选年”的意思,被中国人转义为“小年”,同时off year在英文中还指果树、竹子的歉收年,所以off year的译法与我们中国小年的祭灶习俗等活动完全是风马牛不相及。

  【a lunar year (in which the last month has 29 days)】——出自《上海译文汉英大辞典》,指农历腊月是小建的年份,也就是说,农历腊月只有29天,没有年三十的年份。同时《外研社汉英双语现代汉语词典》中也有类似解释。

  【festival on the 23rd or 24th of the 12th month of the lunar year, when sacrifices are made to the kitchen god】——出自《汉英词典》 意思是节日,腊月二十三或二十四日,旧俗这天祭灶

  【xiǎo nián】——音译,汉语拼音,是不是觉得这个是最贴切的呢!!


灶王爷 The Kitchen God

  小年前夕,大街小巷的杂货铺、百货摊都代卖“灶王爷”像。这种木版水印的神像,大多来自“版画之乡”——天津杨柳青。那和蔼、肃穆、善静的灶王爷盛装端坐,给人以一家之主的感觉。人们都要“请”回来一帧新的灶王爷像(不能说“买”),来代替陈旧不堪的灶王爷像。


写对联 Write couplets

  家家户户都开始写对联。神灵前的对联特别讲究,多为敬仰和祈福之言。佛龛神像的两侧要贴上一副对联,上联写“上天言好事”,下联写“下界保平安”或“回宫降吉祥”,横幅是“一家之主”。因为紧靠春节春联也一并写成。民间讲究有神必贴,每门必贴。内容丰富,妙语联珠。


剪窗花 Paper-cut for window

  所有准备工作中,剪贴窗花是最盛行的民俗活动。内容有各种动物、植物等,如喜鹊登梅,燕穿桃柳,孔雀戏牡丹 ,狮子滚绣球 ,二龙戏珠,莲年有鱼,鸳鸯戏水等。


洗浴理发 Bath and Haircut

  大人、小孩都要洗浴理发。民间有“有钱没钱,剃头过年”的说法。


举办婚事 Marriage held

  过了二十三,民间认为诸神上了天,百无禁忌。娶媳妇不用择日子,称为赶乱婚。直至年底,举行结婚典礼的特别多。


腊月二十四

扫尘  Dusting

After worshipping the kitchen god, people begin to thoroughly clean their houses to sweep away bad luck and welcome good luck. Dusting shows the good wish of putting away old things and welcoming a new life, making everything look fresh in the new year.

祭灶后,人们便开始大扫除,扫尘除灾,以迎祥纳福。扫尘也是辞旧迎新,求的是万象更新的新年新气象。


腊月二十五

糊窗户、磨豆腐 Pasting Window Paper and Making Tofu

The times for pasting window paper are gone. Nowadays, the tradition is replaced by cleaning windows. Tofu is homophonic with "Toufu (first fortune of the year)", so it is considered as a good food which brings happiness. In order to prepare it for the Spring Festival, people should begin to grind beans and make tofu today.

纸糊窗户的时代已经过去,所以如今这习俗已经被擦玻璃取代。而豆腐音同“头福”,被视为能够为新年带来福气的好食材,要为过年做准备,今天就要开始磨豆自制豆腐了。


腊月二十六

割年肉、置年货 Preparation of Meat and Shopping for the Spring Festival

When there was insufficient food in the past, the majority of ordinary people could enjoy a comparatively lavish feast only during the Spring Festival can be started on the day. Besides meat and fish, people also purchase cigarettes, wines, fruits, gifts and festive ornaments.

在物质不丰富的年代,大多寻常人家要到年节期间才能吃得丰富一些。割年肉主要指准备春节的肉食,实际上也代表各种年货可以从这一天开始置办,除了鱼、肉,还有烟酒瓜果以及礼品、装饰等。


腊月二十七

洗浴、赶集 Bating and Going to the Market

According to the traditional folk customs of the Han ethnic group, people should take a bath and do their washings to get rid of bad luck from the past year and welcome the new year. Besides the purpose of purchasing goods, people also go shopping to enjoy the exciting atmosphere of the Spring Festival in advance.

汉族传统民俗中,在这天要洗澡、洗衣,以除去一年的晦气,准备迎接来年的新春。赶集,除了担负置办年货的任务,也能提前感受过年的热闹气息。


腊月二十八

发面、贴春联 Leaving Dough and Pasting Spring Couplets


Besides meat and side dishes, people also prepare cooked wheaten food for the Spring Festival. People in north China mainly eat noodles. They leaven dough, steam buns or cook noodles during the Spring Festival. Today, people also paste spring couplets and pictures. With concise texts and festive patterns, people show their welcome for the Spring Festival. In addition, these activities indicate that the Spring Festival begins.

准备了肉食配菜后,也要准备主食。北方以面为主食,发好面,可以在春节期间蒸馒头或者做面条等食物。这一天也是将春联、年画贴出来的日子。以简洁的文字和喜庆的图案迎接春节、抒发愿望,也意味着春节正式拉开帷幕。


腊月二十九——小除夕

祭祖 Paying Tribute to Ancestors

Preparation for the Spring Festival should be completed today, the day before New Year's Eve. Worshipping ancestors is also a major event on this day, by which people express their gratitude and yearning for their ancestors during the important festival.

过年的准备工作将在除夕前一天的今天全部完成。除此之外,祭祖也是这天的重要活动,以在春节这最重要的节日表达感恩与思念。




执《国际汉语教师证书》,获更多就业机会!

2020年4月笔试新班

火热上线!


近期笔试学员部分成绩反馈

姜老师《国际汉语教师证书》课程开班5年,辅导10余轮考试,积累了几万条的好评,仅仅截取上一期考试部分同学的反馈,给大家真实的参考。

高分组代表:



没时间组代表:


跨专业组代表:

这位同学110分以上,岂止是过了,过的还很漂亮。


注:这位同学110分,太谦虚!

扫码加姜老师微信

咨询《证书》备考

(留言:笔试必过)

点击下方“阅读原文”购买课程,购买成功,请联系姜老师!

您可能也对以下帖子感兴趣

文章有问题?点此查看未经处理的缓存