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与二胎来个约会吧!國家考虑推出奖励措施鼓励生二孩

2017-02-28 BTS 國際財視

2016年中国新生儿童上升到1786万,是自2000年以来的最高水平。中国在2015年底颁布新准则,允许所有家长有两个孩子,因为人们越来越担心中国人口老龄化问题。


  • 有机构在2015年进行的一项调查发现,60%的被调查家庭不愿意有第二个婴儿,主要是由于财政限制。

  • 中国虽然是世界上人口最多的城市之一,同时也是世界上出生率最低的国家之一,该情况正迅速成为社会的担心。

  

  • 为此国家正在考虑引入奖励和补贴政策,以鼓励人们生育第二个孩子,据悉近期国家卫生和计划生育委员会副主任王沛安在一个社会福利会议上宣布这一潜在的举动。

以下是全文:

      China is mulling financial incentives to encourage couples to have a second child, as surveys show many are reluctant to expand their families due to economic constraints.

  Wang Pei‘an, vice-minister of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, revealed the potential move at a social welfare conference on Saturday.

  Top decision-makers last year relaxed the more than four-decade-old family planning policy to allow, if not encourage, all Chinese couples to have a second child.

  Nationwide, the change led to 17.8 million births in 2016, an increase of more than 1.3 million compared with the previous year and the biggest annual increase in 20 years.

  “That fully met the expectations, but barriers still exist and must be addressed,” Wang told the conference. “To have a second child is the right of each family in China, but affordability has become a bottleneck that undermines the decision.”

  A survey by the commission in 2015 found that 60 percent of families polled expressed reluctance to have a second baby largely due to economic constraints.

  To address that, Wang said, the government is considering introducing supporting measures including “birth rewards and subsidies” to encourage people to have another child.

  It is the first time that the top population authority has suggested such a move to boost the birthrate, according to Yuan Xin, a professor at Nankai University in Tianjin.

  The Hunan provincial statistics authority also suggested in a recent report that the local government give subsidies to couples having a second baby to help reverse falling fertility rates.

  “It‘s not easy, and a ’baby bonus‘ plan should be applied evenly nationwide as all government policies should be transparent and fair for all,” he said, adding that the population authority alone cannot handle such a plan as it requires consensus and cooperation among all authorities.

  In some low-fertility countries like Japan, baby incentives such as cash subsidies, prolonged maternity leave, tax breaks, and child and healthcare benefits have been introduced by the government to boost the population.

  China, however, is a different case, according to Yuan, who explained that the nation still faces challenges from a huge population base and limited natural and public resources to sustain population development.

  “It‘s not the right time to introduce any financial incentive plans,” he said.

      Also, “the second-child policy is a choice by the top decision-makers facing a dilemma of the existing challenges and structural population problems like rapid aging and a shrinking workforce”, he said.

  After all, having one or two children should be a decision made by the families themselves, Yuan said.

  A mother of a 3-year-old girl in Beijing said: “I don‘t expect cash from the government for a second child. Sound social public policies to help working parents raise the children are needed more.”

  The woman, surnamed Bai, referred to prolonged maternity leave, equal working opportunities for mothers, easy access to quality education resources for children and a well-functioning social welfare system.

译文:

中国正在酝酿财政措施鼓励夫妇生第二个孩子,调查显示,许多人不愿意扩大他们的家庭由于经济拮据。

王的考察,国家卫生和计划生育委员会副部长透露,在星期六的一个社会福利会议潜在的移动。


高层决策者去年放宽了四多岁的计划生育政策,允许,如果不鼓励,所有中国夫妇生二胎。


全国范围内,1780万的人口出生率为2016,比上年增长了130万以上,是近20年来最大的年度增长。


“这完全符合预期,但仍然存在障碍,必须得到解决,”王说道。“有了第二个孩子是在中国每个家庭的权利,但承受能力已经成为一个瓶颈,破坏了这个决定。”


委员会2015的一项调查发现,有百分之60的受访者表示不愿生育第二个孩子,这主要是由于经济上的限制。


为了解决这个问题,王说,政府正在考虑引入支持措施,包括“生育奖励和补贴”,以鼓励人们有另一个孩子。


这就是顶级人口局日前建议,这样的举措来提高生育率的第一时间,按照袁欣的说法,天津南开大学教授。


湖南省统计局也在最近的一份报告中指出,地方政府给予有第二个孩子的夫妇提供补贴,以帮助扭转下降的生育率。


“这是不容易的,和一个“婴儿奖金计划应均匀全国所有政策应该透明和公平的,”他说,补充说,只有人口局无法处理这样的计划需要各部门的共识与合作。


在一些低生育国家,如日本,婴儿奖励,如现金补贴,延长产假,税收优惠,儿童和医疗福利已推出的政府,以促进人口。


中国,然而,是一个不同的情况,根据袁的说法,他解释说,美国仍然面临着挑战,从庞大的人口基数和有限的自然资源和公共资源来维持人口发展。


他说:“现在不是推出任何财务激励计划的好时机.”。


此外,“第二个孩子的政策是一个选择的高层决策者面临的困境,现有的挑战和结构性人口问题,如快速老龄化和萎缩的劳动力”,他说。


毕竟,有一两个孩子应该由家庭自己作出的决定,袁说。


一个在北京,一个三岁的小女孩的母亲说:“我不指望现金从政府的第二个孩子。健全社会公共政策来帮助父母抚养孩子需要更多的”。


该名女子姓白,指延长产假,母亲的平等工作机会,容易获得优质的教育资源,为孩子和一个运作良好的社会福利制度。





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