【D调观察】英美顶级律所在华发展面面观(上)
继上一篇观察文章《国际律所在华分布的质与量》之后,小编再带领大家围观国际律所在华发展的故事和现状。本文系在CLECSS微信公众平台发表的若干评论的基础上,结合Chambers(钱伯斯)数据进行整合与改编,感谢点评人Simon的授权与支持!
点评人简介:Simon Mui梅品和,CLECSS创办人,CBLA旅美中国律师协会董事,美国斯坦福商学院管理硕士,美国圣路易斯华盛顿大学法律博士,纽约/英国/香港律师,多年国际律师事务所经验。
众所周知,Vault排名系美国律所本土最权威的排名,然而,很多Vault排名靠前的美国律所,过去10年来华后都“水土不服”,同时发现市场已被英国的Magic Circle或早年来华的美国律所占据。在顶级英美律所进入中国的过程中,曾发生著名的挖角风潮,上演了轰轰烈烈的中国市场争夺战。下面将分别以英国Magic Circle和美国Vault 50律所为观察对象,对其在华发展逐一点评。
一、英国Magic Circle的在华发展
1. Clifford Chance LLP(英国高伟绅律师事务所)
总部:伦敦
在华办公室:香港、北京、上海
钱伯斯荣誉:
Aviation: Finance (International Firms),Band 1
Banking & Finance (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Banking & Finance: Leveraged & Acquisition Finance (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Capital Markets: Equity (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Capital Markets: Debt (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Capital Markets: High-Yield Products(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Capital Markets: Derivatives & Structured Products (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Competition/Antitrust (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Corporate Investigations/Anti-Corruption– China,Band 2
Corporate/M&A: The Elite(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Dispute Resolution: Arbitration(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Dispute Resolution: Litigation(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Employment: Hong Kong Law (International Firms) – China,Band 3
Financial Services (International Firms)– China,Band 2
Insurance: Non-contentious(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Intellectual Property (International Firms) – China,Band 3
Investment Funds: Hedge Funds(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Investment Funds: Private Equity(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Investment Funds: Real Estate(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Investment Funds: Registered Funds(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Life Sciences (International Firms) –China,Band 3
Private Equity: Buyouts & Venture Capital Investment (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Projects & Infrastructure(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Real Estate (International Firms) –China,Band 2
Restructuring/Insolvency (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Shipping: Finance (International Firms)– China,Band 2
Tax: Hong Kong Law (International Firms)– China,Band 2
Technology, Media, Telecoms (TMT)(International Firms) – China,Band 4
点评:
CC在近年的各大颁奖典礼上都荣获Best International Law Firm, 明显在中国发展比其它“魔术圈”律所好,每个领域都能评到A或A-。CC综合评分虽好,但要说到某个领域超级牛(A+),如FF在资本市场的地位,也不是太多。值得一提的是,CC团队相对比较稳定,律所文化也相对较好,所以近年来有不少其它“魔术圈”的律师跳过去。升职的机会据说也比其他“魔术圈”律所多。
2. Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer(英国富而德律师事务所)
总部:伦敦
在华办公室:香港、北京、上海
钱伯斯荣誉:
Banking & Finance (International Firms) – China,Band2
Banking & Finance: Leveraged & Acquisition Finance (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Capital Markets: Equity (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Capital Markets: Debt (International Firms) – China,Band 3
Competition/Antitrust (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Corporate Investigations/Anti-Corruption– China,Band 3
Corporate/M&A: The Elite(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Dispute Resolution: Arbitration(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Dispute Resolution: Litigation(International Firms) – China,Band 4
Financial Services (International Firms)– China,Band 2
Insurance: Non-contentious(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Intellectual Property (InternationalFirms) – China,Band 4
Life Sciences (International Firms) –China,Band 3
Private Equity: Buyouts & Venture Capital Investment (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Technology, Media, Telecoms (TMT)(International Firms) – China,Band 2
点评:
FF早年在中国就很有名,因为做了很多大国企的香港上市,客户资源丰富。但是这几年市场发生了一些变化:第一,市场大的上市项目越来越少(现在市场项目的size反而合适资本市场拿A-的CC做;第二,由于很多美国律所现在都执业香港法,例如Davis Polk(曾经是农业银行上市的战友),现在这些美国律所都成为竞争对手。由于这些美国律所纽约本部很强,跟很多美资投行都有很深的关系,所以成为了FF的强大竞争对手。当然这些美国律所的资本市场律师很多也是从FF跳过去。金融风暴过后,FF曾发生被STB等所挖角事件,一度成为重灾区,后来元气慢慢恢复。
3. Linklaters LLP(英国年利达律师事务所)
总部:伦敦
在华办公室:香港、北京、上海
钱伯斯荣誉:
Banking & Finance (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Banking & Finance: Leveraged & Acquisition Finance (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Capital Markets: Equity (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Capital Markets: Debt (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Capital Markets: High-Yield Products(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Capital Markets: Derivatives & Structured Products (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Capital Markets: Securitisation(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Competition/Antitrust (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Corporate/M&A: The Elite(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Dispute Resolution: Arbitration(International Firms) – China,Other Noted Firms
Dispute Resolution: Litigation(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Energy & Natural Resources(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Financial Services (International Firms)– China,Band 1
Private Equity: Buyouts & Venture Capital Investment (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Projects & Infrastructure(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Restructuring/Insolvency (International Firms) – China,Band 2
点评:
LL在业内的专业水平非常高,故投行找法务部的内部律师时,也很喜欢招LL的律师。LL在自己强的领域非常强,如发债、banking、finance、derivatives等。值得一提的是,LL大陆办公室的中国业务也做得很不错。虽然对于一个大陆毕业的学生而言,LL的起薪给得并不高,但进去后能学习很多业务,出来的人都是“打过铜人巷”的。金融风暴过后,LL也曾发生被美国顶级华尔街所挖角事件,一度成为重灾区。
4. Allen & Overy LLP(英国安理国际律师事务所)
总部:伦敦
在华办公室:香港、北京、上海
钱伯斯荣誉:
Aviation: Finance (International Firms),Band 2
Banking & Finance (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Banking & Finance: Leveraged & Acquisition Finance (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Capital Markets: Equity (International Firms) – China,Band 3
Capital Markets: Debt (International Firms)– China,Band 1
Capital Markets: Derivatives & Structured Products (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Competition/Antitrust (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Corporate/M&A: The Elite(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Dispute Resolution: Arbitration(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Dispute Resolution: Litigation(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Employment: Hong Kong Law (International Firms) – China,Band 3
Employment: PRC Law (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Energy & Natural Resources(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Financial Services (International Firms)– China,Band 4
Insurance: Non-contentious(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Intellectual Property (InternationalFirms) – China,Band 3
Private Equity: Buyouts & Venture Capital Investment (International Firms) – China,Band 4
Projects & Infrastructure(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Real Estate (International Firms) –China,Band 2
Restructuring/Insolvency (International Firms) – China,Band 3
Technology, Media, Telecoms (TMT)(International Firms) – China,Band 3
点评:
AO在“魔术圈”律所中在中国发展得稍逊,尤其是在Corporate领域。很大原因在于在金融风暴前,美国牛所Latham Watkins挖了差不多整个AO的Corporate团队,流失了7位合伙人,这次突发事件让AO操手不及,要从伦敦急调合伙人回来;但是当年空降过来的合伙人在中国区的客户网络不是很稳固。当年农行上市时,AO拿到该上市项目代表投行的US Counsel角色,实在挽回不少面子。
5. Slaughter and May(英国司力达律师事务所)
总部:伦敦
在华办公室:香港、北京
钱伯斯荣誉:
Banking & Finance (International Firms) – China,Band 3
Capital Markets: Equity (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Capital Markets: Debt (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Competition/Antitrust (International Firms) – China,Band 3
Corporate/M&A: The Elite(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Real Estate (International Firms) –China,Band 4
点评:
SM在中国没有发大来做,并不是自己发展得不好,而是坚守精英律所的原则。多年来,SM一直用“Best Friends”的策略,在全球很多地方都不开设自己的分所,而是选择跟当地的顶尖牛所合作。在中国,即使在北京开了分所,也是比较象征式的。话虽如此,SM在香港的业务还算不错,拿到不少欧洲公司的项目,例如Prada在香港上市。
二、美国Vault 50的在华发展
1. Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz
总部:纽约
在华办公室:无
点评:
Wachtell在纽约一直保持小Size,但PPP(Profit Per Partner)高得惊人,说是全球最有名望律所当之无愧。律所的策略就是走精英路线,只做最高端的诉讼和收购合并等业务。因此,只在纽约开了Office。
2. Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP
总部:纽约
在华办公室:无
点评:
Cravath的Size比Wachtell大点,除纽约总部外,在伦敦开了分所。据悉早年Cravath尝试过打进香港市场,但最终因为不想律师费打折扣,最后也黯然退出亚洲市场。
3. Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP and Affiliates(美国世达律师事务所)
总部:纽约
在华办公室:香港、北京、上海
钱伯斯荣誉:
Capital Markets: Equity (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Capital Markets: Debt (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Capital Markets: High-Yield Products(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Corporate/M&A: The Elite(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Dispute Resolution: Arbitration(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Private Equity: Buyouts & Venture Capital Investment (International Firms) – China,Band 3
点评:
Skadden和Sullivan在美国是主要竞争对手,但到了中国后Skadden比Sullivan生意略好。这是因为Skadden在香港较早本土化,很多Mid-sized的项目都愿意接。香港分所的Julie Gao更是资本市场的王牌。当然,前几年Skadden的资本市场的部分香港团队(HK Team)跳槽到Kirkland,对Skadden也造成一些冲击,现在给人一种US Team强,HK Team弱的感觉。
4. Sullivan & Cromwell LLP(美国苏利文•克伦威尔律师事务所)
总部:纽约
在华办公室:香港、北京
钱伯斯荣誉:
Capital Markets: Equity (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Capital Markets: Debt (International Firms) – China,Band 4
Corporate/M&A: The Elite(International Firms) – China,Band 2
点评:
Sullivan一直以来的策略是稳守几个大的客户,但在竞争激烈的环境下,近年也被迫执业香港法(做本地业务),否则很多香港的IPO项目会流失。
5. Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP(美国达维律师事务所)
总部:纽约
在华办公室:香港、北京
钱伯斯荣誉:
Capital Markets: Equity (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Capital Markets: Debt (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Capital Markets: High-Yield Products(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Corporate/M&A: The Elite(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Dispute Resolution: Litigation(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Financial Services (International Firms)– China,Band 2
Private Equity: Buyouts & Venture Capital Investment (International Firms) – China,Band 3
点评:
说到资本市场,Davis Polk在中国不但能把Skadden压住,甚至把老牌的英国律所如Freshfields等也超越了,近年各大颁奖典礼也是最佳资本市场奖的得主。其实Davis Polk的收购合并业务也很强。
6. Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP(美国盛信律师事务所)
总部:纽约
在华办公室:香港、北京
钱伯斯荣誉:
Capital Markets: Equity (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Corporate/M&A: The Elite(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Investment Funds: Private Equity(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Private Equity: Buyouts & Venture Capital Investment (International Firms) – China,Band 1
点评:
Simpson也是走精英律所的路线,参与了阿里巴巴上市等。值得一提的是, 近年其基金业务也很强,有赶超基金龙头所Debevoise之势。
7. Kirkland & Ellis LLP(美国凯易国际律师事务所)
总部:芝加哥
在华办公室:香港、北京、上海
钱伯斯荣誉:
Banking & Finance: Leveraged &Acquisition Finance (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Capital Markets: Equity (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Corporate Investigations/Anti-Corruption– China,Band 2
Corporate/M&A: The Elite(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Investment Funds: Private Equity(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Private Equity: Buyouts & VentureCapital Investment (International Firms) – China,Band 2
点评:
Kirkland一直给人的感觉都是一个“刚好进十大”的律所,一般来说都在Cleary和Weil之后,但2016年上升到第7位,至于能否冲击Vault 5,仍有待观察。事实上在亚洲区,Kirkland近几年的发展都比较进取。Kirkland是通过前几年一役,从Skadden和Latham等牛所挖牛趴(其中包括Julie Gao 的主要对手David Zhang),才在中国区名声大噪。其特点是很喜欢提拔年轻合伙人,很有entrepreneurship spirit,晋升机会比其他律所大。这个文化让律所更多元化、更年轻、更有活力。Kirkland近年招了不少年轻才俊,不过相信进所后内部竞争很大。因为他们Pay给得很高,如果经济环境稍逊,在那里工作压力会很大。
8. Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP(美国佳利律师事务)
总部:纽约
在华办公室:香港、北京
钱伯斯荣誉:
Capital Markets: Equity (International Firms) – China,Band 4
Capital Markets: Debt (International Firms) – China,Band 4
Corporate/M&A: The Elite(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Energy & Natural Resources(International Firms) – China,Other Noted Firms
Private Equity: Buyouts & VentureCapital Investment (International Firms) – China,Band 2
点评:
Cleary早年在中国没什么名气。虽然在中国已开了分所好一段时间,一直都没有花太多心思在中国市场上,直到前几年从英国律所Norton Rose挖人到香港分所后,律所在中国地区才活起来。
9. Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP(美国威嘉律师事务所)
总部:纽约
在华办公室:香港、北京、上海
钱伯斯荣誉:
Banking & Finance: Leveraged & Acquisition Finance (International Firms) – China,Other Noted Firms
Corporate/M&A: The Elite(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Investment Funds: Private Equity(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Investment Funds: Real Estate(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Private Equity: Buyouts & Venture Capital Investment (International Firms) – China,Band 1
点评:
Weil也算比较低调。他们的客户资源其实很不错,做了不少好的收购合并和基金项目。不过因为他们不做那些大IPO,所以平时大家听得较少。
10. Latham & Watkins LLP(美国瑞生律师事务所)
总部:纽约
在华办公室:香港、北京、上海
钱伯斯荣誉:
Banking & Finance (International Firms) – China,Band 4
Capital Markets: Equity (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Capital Markets: Debt (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Capital Markets: High-Yield Products(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Corporate/M&A: The Elite(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Dispute Resolution: Arbitration(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Dispute Resolution: Litigation(International Firms) – China,Band 4
Private Equity: Buyouts & VentureCapital Investment (International Firms) – China,Band 3
Projects & Infrastructure(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Restructuring/Insolvency (International Firms) – China,Band 3
点评:
Latham在中国发展的运气不好,在2008年金融风暴前从英国律所Allen & Overy挖了不少合伙人,后来金融风暴时很难熬;其后又发生David Zhang被挖角事件,所以只能叹息时不与我。
11. Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP(美国吉布森律师事务所)
总部:洛杉矶
在华办公室:香港、北京
钱伯斯荣誉:
Corporate Investigations/Anti-Corruption– China,Band 1
Corporate/M&A: Highly Regarded(International Firms) – China,Band 4
点评:
Gibson Dunn大家早年很少听过。跟其他一些进中国比较晚的律所一样,由于资本市场早已被那几个美国Vault 10律所占据,现在在中国的业务主要做一些FCPA调查,跨境投资等,估计业务很难做大,律所本身在中国也不想做大。律师主要从其他牛所挖过来。
12. Boies, Schiller & Flexner LLP
总部:纽约
在华办公室:无
点评:
Boise在美国Size很小,属于美国本土那种诉讼律所,在中国也没有分所。
13. Covington & Burling LLP(美国科文顿•柏灵律师事务所)
总部:华盛顿特区
在华办公室:北京、上海
钱伯斯荣誉:
International Trade/WTO (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Life Sciences (International Firms) –China,Band 1
Technology, Media, Telecoms (TMT)(International Firms) – China,Band 4
点评:
Covington在大中华区内的名气整体比Gibson Dunn 大。由于Covington是一个华盛顿DC所,一直在政府关系和相关诉讼和调查都很强。除了自己美国本土强项外,感觉他们在大中华区也比较有生气,近年来招揽了不少年轻才俊,努力拓展一些新业务,预计能有一番作为。
14. Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP(美国宝维斯律师事务所)
总部:纽约
在华办公室:香港、北京
钱伯斯荣誉:
Corporate/M&A: The Elite(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Private Equity: Buyouts & Venture Capital Investment (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Technology, Media, Telecoms (TMT)(International Firms) – China,Band 1
点评:
Paul Weiss进入中国多年,大家对它都很熟悉。Paul Weiss在中国一直保持小规模,在TMT收购合并领域一直居于领导地位。但由于一直没有扩大,所以对于中国区Associate来说升职发展空间不大,很多在纽约Paul Weiss的中国人回国时都换所,这对Paul Weiss的发展有一定影响。Paul Weiss的香港管理合伙人也是业界有名的女强人。
15. Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP(美国昆毅律师事务所)
总部:洛杉矶
在华办公室:香港、上海(筹)
点评:
Quinn Emanuel刚刚在香港发展,规模还比较小。走的路线估计比较像Gibson Dunn。以争议解决业务著称,2015年5月宣布将成立上海分所。
16. Debevoise & Plimpton LLP(美国德普律师事务所)
总部:纽约
在华办公室:香港、上海
钱伯斯荣誉:
Corporate/M&A: Highly Regarded(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Insurance: Non-contentious(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Investment Funds: Private Equity(International Firms) – China,Band 1
点评:
Debevoise在很久以前已进入中国市场。在基金领域,Debevoise是大家公认的Band 1律所,很多国际基金都是Debevoise的客户。可惜Debevoise在其他领域没有做得最好。由于Debevoise国际上在诉讼和调查(例如西门子FCPA调查)等领域也很出名,近年在中国区也积极发展此领域。
17. Sidley Austin LLP(美国盛德国际律师事务所)
总部:芝加哥
在华办公室:香港、北京、上海
钱伯斯荣誉:
Capital Markets: Equity (International Firms) – China,Band 3
Capital Markets: Debt (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Capital Markets: High-Yield Products(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Corporate Investigations/Anti-Corruption– China,Band 3
Corporate/M&A: Highly Regarded(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Dispute Resolution: Arbitration(International Firms) – China,Band 4
Dispute Resolution: Litigation(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Financial Services (International Firms)– China,Band 3
Investment Funds: Hedge Funds(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Investment Funds: Private Equity(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Investment Funds: Real Estate(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Life Sciences (International Firms) –China,Band 1
Private Equity: Buyouts & VentureCapital Investment (International Firms) – China,Band 4
点评:
Sidley Austin在香港一直做IPO和债券。IPO的量很多,但都不是最大的项目。有时候一个Associate同时要兼顾几个项目,感觉他们都忙得兼顾不下。反而债券,例如房地产商发债,做得很出色。
18. Williams & Connolly LLP
总部:华盛顿特区
在华办公室:无
点评:
Williams也属于美国本土诉讼所类型。
19. Jones Day(美国众达律师事务所)
总部:华盛顿特区
在华办公室:香港、北京、上海
钱伯斯荣誉:
Capital Markets: Securitisation(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Competition/Antitrust (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Construction (International Firms) –China,Band 2
Corporate Investigations/Anti-Corruption– China,Other Noted Firms
Corporate/M&A: Highly Regarded(International Firms) – China,Band 2
Dispute Resolution: Litigation(International Firms) – China,Band 5
Energy & Natural Resources(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Intellectual Property (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Life Sciences (International Firms) –China,Band 2
Private Equity: Buyouts & Venture Capital Investment (International Firms) – China,Band 3
Projects & Infrastructure(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Real Estate (International Firms) –China,Band 3
Tax: PRC Law (International Firms) –China,Band 2
点评:
Jones Day在中国做得很大,但是在一般General Corporate和Capital Markets方面,没有明显的竞争优势。像早年做的FDI等,现在很多MNC会直接找内所。
20. White & Case LLP(美国伟凯律师事务所)
总部:纽约
在华办公室:香港、北京、上海
钱伯斯荣誉:
Banking & Finance (International Firms) – China,Band 1
Banking & Finance: Leveraged & Acquisition Finance (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Corporate/M&A: Highly Regarded(International Firms) – China,Band 1
Energy & Natural Resources(International Firms) –China,Band 3
International Trade/WTO (International Firms) – China,Band 2
Investment Funds: Hedge Funds(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Investment Funds: Private Equity(International Firms) – China,Band 3
Projects & Infrastructure (International Firms) – China,Band 1
点评:
White & Case跟Jones Day一样,在中国区没有明显优势,当然它也有一些特别的优势领域,例如Banking、Project Finance。
(注:囿于字数限制,关于美国Vault 21-50律所的逐一点评,请查看下篇。)