仁爱版八年级英语上册知识点归纳
Unit 1
Topic 1
重点词语:
1. almost(反义词)never
2.win(过去式)won(名词)winner
3.ski(现在分词)skiing 4.famous(比较级)more famous
5.arrive(同义词)reach 6.leave(过去式))left
7.popular(最高级)most popular 8.healthy(同义词)fit(名词)health
(1) 词组
1. during the summer holidays 在暑假期间
2. between…and… 在两者之间
3. cheer sb. on 为某人加油
4. prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事
6. plan to do sth. 计划做某事
8. go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking 去滑雪/滑冰/骑车/爬山/远足
12. leave for… 动身去…
13. the day after tomorrow 后天
16. play baseball 打棒球
17. at least 至少
18. be good at 善于做某事
19. take part in 参加
20. all over the world 全世界
21. be good for 对……有益
22. a good way 一种好方法
23. keep fit ,keep healthy 保持健康
24. relax oneself 放松某人自己
重点句型
25. What’s your favorite sport? = What sport do you like best? 你最喜爱的运动是什么?
26. Which sport do you prefer? = Which sport do you like better? 你更喜欢什么运动?
I prefer skating. = I like skating better. 我更喜欢滑雪.
27. Do you skate much? = Do you often skate? 你常滑雪吗?
28. She spends at least half an hour in the gym every day. 每天她至少花半小时在体育馆.
29. She plays baseball pretty well and she is also good at jumping.
她棒球打得相当好而且擅长于跳.
30. What kind of sports do you like? = Which sport do you like? 你喜欢哪种运动?
重点语言点
31. see sb. do sth “看见某人做了某事” 强调动作的全过程,常与every day; often等连用.see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事” 强调动作正在进行.
如: I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays.I often see him draw pictures near the river. 我常看见她在河边画画.I saw her go across the street. 我看见她过了马路I saw her going across the street. 我看见她正在过马路.[类似的有watch,hear,feel 等这类感观动词.]
32. join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列” “和某人在一起”join + 组织 表示 “加入某个组织”take part in 表示 “参加/出席某个活动”如: Will you join us?I will join the skiing club.
She is planning to take part in the high jump.
33. arrive in + 大地点arrive at + 小地点
get to + 地点 = reach + 地点
如: My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday.
I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall.
注意: reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home (因为here,there, home 是副词 所以不用加介词)
34. leave… 离开……
leave for… 动身去…/离开到…
如: They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们要离开北京.
They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他们要前往日本.
35. a few “几个;一些” 修饰可数名
36. a little “一点点” 修饰不数名词
如: There are a few eggs in the basket.
There is a little water in the bottle.
37. how long 表示“多久(时间)”; 提问时间段.how often 表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提问时间的频率.
如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. → How long will they stay in Beijing?
He plays basketball twice a week. → How often does he play basketball?
7.be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth. 擅长于(做)某事
如: She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball.
8.make sth/sb + adj.使某物(某人)在某种状态
keep sth/sb + adj.保持某物(某人)在某种状态
如: Playing soccer can make your body strong.
Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.
重点语法
一般将来时：
（一）be going to 结构: ①表示主语进行某一将来行动的打算、意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用be going to表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。 如：I’m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.
我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。
She is going to buy a sweater for her mother.
她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。
②表预测。指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。
如：Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！
（二） will + 动词原形：表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year…)等连用。will not = won’t; 缩略形式为’ll.
表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划，是临时的一种决定。
如：a. ----Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。
----I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。
b. ----Would you like coffee or tea? 您要咖啡还是茶？--I will have a cup of tea,please. 我要一杯茶。c. Don’t worry. I’ll help you. 别担心。我会帮你的。
表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。
如： I’m sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。
Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。
表示许诺。如： I’ll do better next time. 下次我会做得更好的。
I’ll visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。
句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.
否定句：I/She/He/They won’t go to play baseball soon.
一般疑问句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon?
回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they won’t.
（三）动词plan, come, go, leave, fly等用现在进行时表示将要发生的事.
如： I’m coming. 我就来。
He is leaving for Shanghai. 他将到上海去。
We are going to Beijing. 我们将去北京。
Topic 2
一、重点词语:
词形转换：
(1) adj. + ly → adv.
loud → loudly soft → softly quiet → quietly
clear → clearly angry → angrily easy → easily
(2)过去式：
fall → fell break → broke lose →lost
throw → threw feel → felt
(3) 1.ill (同义词)sick (名词)illness 2.start(同义词)begin 3.far(反义词)near 4.smoke(现在分词)smoking 5.careless(反义词)careful 6.important(比较级) more important 7.Russia(公民)Russian 8.enjoy(现在分词)enjoying 9.invent(名词)invention;inventor 10.indoor(反义词)outdoor 11.century(复数)centuries 12.coach(复数)coaches 13.feel (名词)feeling 14.tiring(近义词)tired
(二) 词组:
have a soccer game 进行一场足球赛
fall ill 病倒了
right away = at once 立刻;马上
miss a good chance 错过一个好机会
shame on sb. 为某人感到羞耻
do one’s best 尽某人的力
be sure to do sth. 确定做某事
be angry with sb… 生某人的气
with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 I turned on the TV / light.我打开电视/灯。
turn up/down… 调高/低（音量）
keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
in a minute 一分钟后；马上
take a seat 就坐
enjoy doing sth. 喜爱/欢做某事
as well 也 He is a student as well. = He is also a student.= He is a student, too
throw…into… 把……投进……
follow/obey the rules 遵守规则
more and more people 越来越多的人
feel tired 感到疲劳
instead of… 替代……
ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
make a plan for sb. 为某人订一份计划
build up 增进;增强
二.重点句型
Could you please do me a favor? = Could you help me? = Could you give me a hand?
你能帮我吗？
Would you mind teaching me? = Would you please teach me? 你教我好吗？
You are always so careless. 你总是这样粗心大意.
Let me buy you a new one. = Let me buy a new one for you.让我为你买一个新的。
He invented an indoor game for his students so that they could play it even in bad weather. 他为他的学生们发明了一项室内运动以便他们甚至在恶劣的天气也能玩。
And you can throw it with one hand or both hands.你能用一只手或两只手投掷它。
三. 重点语言点
ill 与 sick 都表示 “生病的”, 只能作表语而既可作表语也可作定语.如: The man is ill/sick. 那个男人病了. (作表语)
He is a sick man. 他是个病人. (作定语)
mind doing 介意干什么事。。
Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示 “(不)做某事介意/好吗?”
如: Would you mind coming and checking it? 来修理它好吗?
Would you mind not smoking here? 不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗?
3. one of + 名词复数 表示 “其中之一……”, 主语是one,表单数.
如: One of my teammates is strong and tall. 其中我的一个队友又高又壮。
4. miss “错过,思念,遗失”
如: I missed the last bus yesterday. 昨天我错过最后一班车.
He missed his mother. 他想念他的母亲.
My God! I missed(=lost) my key. 天啊! 我把钥匙弄丢了.
5. be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子 “确定做某事”
如: We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time.
我们确信下次一定会赢。
be sorry for… “为某事抱歉”
be sorry to do sth. = be sorry (that) + 句子 “很抱歉做了某事”
如: I am very sorry for what I said. 我为我所说的话感到抱歉.
I’m sorry I lost your book. = I’m sorry to lose your book.很抱歉弄丢你的书。
7．tired adj. “（感到）疲惫的” , 主语是人 如: I feel tired today. 今天我感到累了.
tiring adj. “令人疲劳的”, 主语是事物 如:This job is tiring. 这份工作令人疲惫.
类似的有: excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的
interested 感到有趣的 interesting 有趣的
8.15-year-old “15岁的”
15 years old “15岁” 如: He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old.
类似用法: 2.5-mile / 2.5 miles
9. instead “替代;相反”, 一般单独使用,放在句末,前面用逗号隔开.
instead of…“替代……;而不……,相反”
如: I won’t go to Shanghai. I’ll go to Beijing, instead. 我不会去上海而会去北京.
= I’ll go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.
I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是水.
have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. 表示 “从做…….中获得乐趣”
如: I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。
Topic 3
一、重点词组:
join the English club 加入英语俱乐部
host the 2008 Olympics 举办2008年奥运会
fill out 填出/好
go on doing sth 继续做。。。
make friends with… 与……交朋友
be afraid of 害怕。。
be free 有空, 免费
win the first gold medal 赢得第一枚金牌
every four years 每四年;每隔三年
behave well 举止得体
improve the environment 改善环境
plant trees and grass 种植花草树木
a symbol of … 一种……的象征
stand for 代表
do morning exercises 做早操
be fond of (doing) sth. 喜欢(做)某事
二、重点句型
1.Could you tell me your name? 你能告诉我你的名字吗= What’s your name?
2.What do you do? = What’s your job? = What are you? 你是干什么的?
3. More and more foreign friends ride in my taxi (= take my taxi) now.
现在越来越多的外国朋友搭我的出租车.
4.Speaking English will help me a lot. 说英语将对我有很大帮助.
5.Please fill it out. 请把它填好.
6.What will the weather be like this weekend? = How will the weather be this weekend?
本周末的天气怎样?
7..There will be more roads in Beijing. 在北京将会有更多的马路.
三. 重点语言点
fill out + 名词 “填好……”
fill + 名词/代词+out
如: Please fill out this form. = Please fill this form out. 请填好这张表格.
Please fill it/them out. (当宾语是代词时, 只能放中间) 请把它(们)填好.
be afraid… “恐怕” 指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人.be afraid of… “害怕(做)……”
如: I’m afraid I won’t be free. 我恐怕没有空.He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗.
They are afraid of losing the game. 他们害怕输了比赛.
may be “可能是…” may是情态动词 + be
maybe “或许; 可能” maybe是副词
如: He may be a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher. 他可能是一名老师.
He may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name. 他可能知道她的名字.
between 在两者之间
among 在三者或三者当中
如: The answer is between A and B. 答案在A和B 之间.The winner is among of us. 获胜者在我们当中.
5. There be 句型的一般将来时
正:There will be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.
= There is going to be a sports meeting in our school this weekend.
误:There will have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.
= There is going to have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.
Unit 2
Topic 1
重点词组:
hospital 医院
have a (bad/terrible) cold 患（重）感冒
have a cough/fever 患咳嗽/发高烧
have the flu 得了流感
have a toothache /backache /headache / stomachache 牙痛/背痛/头痛/胃痛
身体某个部位 + ache，表身体某处疼痛。
如: head 头 headache 头痛 back 背 backache 背痛 stomach 胃 stomachache 胃痛 tooth 牙 toothache 牙痛
see a dentist/doctor 看牙医/医生
take/have a (good) rest（好好）休息 rest休息
sleep well 睡得好 （这里sleep做动词 ，well是副词，修饰动词sleep）
have a good sleep 好好睡一觉 （这里sleep做名词）
drink a lot of water 多喝水
stay in bed 呆在床上
feel terrible 感到难受
take sb. to… 带某人去…… I took my son to the hospital.
take some medicine/ pills 吃药
day and night 日日夜夜 （ 副词）
brush one’s teeth 刷牙
have an accident 出了事故/意外
send sb. to…. 送某人去……
not…until… 直到……才…..
get well 恢复健康 （well做形容词，这里get 变得 get后面用形容词）
plenty of… 充足;大量 There are plenty of apples on the desk.
take off your coat 脱掉你的大衣
二、重点句型
You should see a dentist.你应该看牙医。
You shouldn’t lift heavy things.你不应该提重物。You look pale. 你看起来气色不好,很苍白.
You’d better go to see a doctor. 你最好去看医生.You’d better not go to school today. 今天你最好不要去上学. Thank you for your flowers and fruit. 谢谢你送来的鲜花和水果.
I couldn’t read them until today.
直到今天我才读了他们.
三. 重点语言点
medicine “药” 为不可数名词
pill “药片” 为可数名词
如: take some medicine 吃些药
take some cold pills 吃些感冒药
with “含有…”
without “没有”
hot tea with honey 加蜜的茶
coffee with sugar and milk 加糖和牛奶
mooncake with eggs 含鸡蛋的月饼
Chinese tea with nothing = Chinese tea without anything 中国清茶
Go to school without (eating) breakfast. 没吃早饭去上学。
until “直到……为止” ; 句中动词一般为延续性动词
not …until…. “直到……才…” ; 句中动词一般为短暂性动词
如: He will wait for his father until ten o’clock. 他将等他父亲一直到10点为止.
He won’t leave until his father comes . 直到他父亲来他才离开.
both…and…. “……和……(两者)都”; 当主语时,谓语动词用复数.
如: I know both Jim and Tom. 吉姆和汤姆俩人我都认识.
Both Jim and I are 16 years old. 我和吉姆都是16岁.
plenty of… “充足;大量” 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词, 只用于肯定句,
相当于a lot of…/ lots of…
many “许多”, 修饰可数名词
much “许多”, 修饰不可数名词
如: You should drink plenty of /a lot of boiled water. 你应该喝大量的开水.
You shouldn’t drink so much water. 你不应该喝这么多水.
I have many/lots of/a lot of/plenty of books. 我有许多水.
四、交际用语
(一)询问病情
What’s wrong/the matter/ the trouble with you ? 有什么不舒服?How are you feeling now? 你现在感觉怎么样?
Do you have a cold? 你得了感冒了吗?
(二)诉说病情
1. I feel terrible./ I am feeling terrible. 我感到难受.2. I have a headache/stomachache/…. 我头痛/肚子痛…..3. I can’t sleep well at night. 我晚上睡不4. 好觉.
5. I cough day and night. 我日日夜夜地咳嗽.
6. But my left leg hurts when I move it. 但是当我移动时,我的左腿疼.
(3) 表示同(4) 情
1. I’m sorry to hear that.听到这事我感到难过.
2. That’s too bad. 那太糟了.
3. Bad luck. 倒霉.
(5) 表达建议1. You’d better (not) do sth最好(不 )做某事. You’d 这里 d 是had 的缩写
2. You should/shouldn’t do sth 你(不) 应该做某事.
Topic 2
一、重点词组:
look tired 看起来很累
watch a soccer game on TV 在电视上观看一场足球赛 （记住，介词短语放后面）
stay up 熬夜
wash hands before meals 饭前洗手
play sports right after meals 饭后适当运动
keep you active 使你保持精力旺盛
in the daytime 在白天
throw litter about 乱扔垃圾 litter 垃圾
get enough sleep 得到足够的睡眠
need to do sth 需要做某事
get into 进入 get into trouble 陷入困境
become sick 生病
eat bad food 吃变质食物
as we know 众所周知
in different ways 用不同的方法
make us sick 使我们生病 （记住 make sb adj、 make sb.do ）
二、重点句型
Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜有害你的健康.
(动名词短语做主语) stay 加ing 变成动名词
2. How did Wang Jun get a headache? 王俊怎样患上头痛的？
Is going to bed early good or bad for your health? It’s good.
早点睡觉对你的健康有益还是有害? 有益. (选择问句要根据事实回答)
Walking is good exercise and it is necessary for good health.散步是很好的锻炼,是身体健康必不可少.
It will keep you active in the daytime. 它(早睡早起)将使你在白天保持旺盛的精力.
Don’t throw litter about. 不要乱扔垃圾.
We may have more than one headache each month. 每月我们可能会不止一次头疼.
You may get a headache when you can’t get enough sleep.当你睡眠不足时,可能会头疼.
What does it mean when you have a headache? 头痛对你来说意味着什么?
The boy becomes sick. 那个男孩生病了.
As we know, food gives us enery. 众所周知,食物给我们提供能量.
If we eat too little or too much food, or if we choose the wrong food, it can make us sick.
如果我们吃得太少或太多, 或者食物的选择不当会生病的.
三. 重点语言点
1. be good for… 对……有益
be bad for… 对……有害
如: Swimming is good for health. 游泳对健康有益.
Reading in strong sunlight is bad for the eyes. 在强烈的阳光下看书对眼睛有害.
disease 通常指具体的病, 表 “特定的疾病、病名”
illness 通常指生病的状态或表抽象的疾病 如： Germs can cause diseases. 细菌会引发疾病。 SARS is a serious disease. 非典是一种严重的疾病。 Don’t worry about his illness. 别担心他的病。
exercise 表“锻炼/运动”时, 为不可数名词;
表“练习”或有定语修饰时, 为可数名词.
如: He often takes/does exercise in the morning. 他经常上午锻炼. （这句的exercise是不可数名词）
Please do the exercises at once.请马上做这些练习
.He does morning exercises every day. 他每天做早操 （这句的exercise用了复数，因为前面有morning做定语修饰，是可数名词）
enough adj. “足够的”
修饰名词时, 既可放在名词之前, 也可放在名词之后.(但通常放在名词之前)
如: I have enough time/ time enough to finish this work. 我有足够的时间完成这项工作.
There is enough food in the fridge. 冰箱里有足够的食物.
adv. “足够地” 修饰形容词或副词时, 均放在所修饰词的后面.
如: He is tall enough to reach the apple. 他足够高,能够得着苹果.
He speaks clearly enough. 他讲得足够清楚.
need “需要, 必需”
1 作实义动词: need sth. 需要某物 need to do sth. 需要做某事
如: I need some help. 我需要一些帮助.
You need to see a doctor. 你需要去看医生.
He needs to take a bus. 他需要去搭车.
2 作情态动词: need + 动词原形
如: If she wants anything, she only need ask. 她想要什么东西, 只要开口就行了.
You needn’t finish this work today. 你不必今天完成这项工作.
6．too much + 不可数名词 表“太多的。。。”
too many + 可数名词复数 表“太多的。。。
much too + 形容词 表“太。。。”，much 起加强语气作用
如：Don’t eat too much meat. 不要吃太多的肉。
He is much too fat. 他实在太胖了。
四.重点语法
情态动词:
①must “必须, 一定”如: We must study hard. 我们必须努力学习.
mustn’t “不可以” 如: You mustn’t walk on the lawn. 你不可以在草坪上行走.
②should “应该” 如: We should finish it on time. 我们应该按时完成它.
shouldn’t “不该” 如: You shouldn’t go to school late. 你不该上学迟到.
③had better “最好” 如：You had better go to bed early.你最好早睡。
had better not “最好不” 如：You had better not go to bed late.（late 晚 ， 是副词）
你最好不要迟睡。
④may “可以”如: May I come in? 我可以进来吗?“可能” 如: You may get a headache when you work too hard.
当你工作太努力时,你可能会头疼.
Topic 3
一、重点词组:
talk with sb 与某人交谈
talk about sth 谈论某事 about 关于。
talk with sb about sth. 与某人谈论某事
hurry up 赶紧/
spread easily 易传播
be afraid of… 害怕……
catch SARS 患上非典
do one’s best to do sth 尽力做某事（one’s 其实就是形容词形物主代词，如my，his ，her这些
try one’s best to do sth 尽力做某事
keep away from animals 远离动物
do house cleaning 打扫屋子
go to crowded places 去拥挤的地方
all the time = always 总是/一直
examine the patients 检查病人 （patient病人 ）
take a message 捎口信
take care of… 照顾……
= look after / care for
leave a message 留口信
take an active part in 积极参加 take part in 参加。。。
、
on the phone/Internet 在电话中/在互联网上
enjoy oneself 过得愉快
tell sb. a story / stories 给某人讲故事
take some Chinese medicine 吃些中药
help sb (to) do sth = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
如: I helped my mother cook at home.
= I helped my mother with the cook at home. 我在家帮我母亲做饭.
二、重点句型
We don’t have to be afraid of catching SARS. 我们没必要害怕患上非典。
Please tell my father to take care of himself. 请告诉我的父亲照顾好他自己。
Could you please ask her to call me back? 请叫她给我回电话好吗？
He took an active part in the battle against SARS. 他积极参加抗击非典的战斗。
He cared for the patients day and night. 他日日夜夜照顾病人。
It’s my duty to save the patients. 挽救病人是我的职责。
What do you think of Kangkang’s father? 你认为康康的父亲怎么样？
Long time no see! 好久不见！
You could cook for us next time. 下次你能为我们煮东西了。
三、重点语言点
talk with sb. 表 “与……交流” , 指 “与人平等地交流、讨论”
talk to sb. 表示 “找某人谈话” , 在口语中常 “责备某人”
如: Jim’s father is talking with the teacher. 吉姆的父亲正在和老师交谈.
I will talk to him about his careless. 我要找他谈话,批评他的粗心大意.
常用的反身代词词组:
take care of oneself = look after oneself 照顾某人自己
teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学
enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高兴
四、重点语法
(一) 情态动词: must 与 have to
① must ＂必须;一定”, 表示有做某一动作的必要或义务,侧重表达说话者的主观看法.（只有一种时态）如：We must wash hands before meals. 饭前我们必须洗手.
We must eat healthy food. 我们必须吃健康的食物.
② have to “不得不,必须”, 侧重表示因客观条件或客观环境的迫使而＂不得不做某事＂．（可用于各种时态）
如：It’s too late. I have to go now. 太迟了.现在我得走了.
I had to borrow some money at that time. 那时我不得不借了一些钱.
*----Must we keep the windows open all the time?---No, we don’t have to. / No, we needn’t. (注意回答时不能用No, we mustn’t.)
(二)电话用语:
Hello! Could /May I speak to…, please? 你好! 我能跟……通话吗?
May I take a message? 我能捎个口信吗?
This is Kangkang. 我是康康.
Hello! Who’s that? 你好! 你是谁?
Review of Units 1---2
break the window 打破窗户（玻璃）
get lost be lost 迷路
on one’s way (to) 在….的路上 I am on my way to school. 我在去学校的路上。
I am on my way home.我在回家的路上。。（因为home在这是副词，所以不用to ，而school是名词。所以要用to
像我们说go home 不用介词连接。。但说去学校就要 go to school。
one of the most popular sports 最受欢迎的运动之一
put…away 把…收起来 The teacher asked us to put away the books.
ask for three days’ leave 请三天的假
Unit 3
Topic 1
一.重点词汇
hobby 爱好 vacation，holiday假期 friendship友谊 knowledge 知识
daily 每日的 in our daily life 在我们日常生活中
in one’s free time 或 in one’s spare time在业余时间 ; 在闲暇时间
if 是否，如果 whether 是否 weather 天气
such as 例如 for example 例如
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 be used to doing 习惯于干某事
be interested in 对……感兴趣
二.重点句型：
1.Wow! So many stamps!(Page 53)哇，那么多的邮票！本句意为：There are so many stamps. so many意思是“那么多”，so much意思也是“那么多”。如：
1）There are so many flowers. Or: So many flowers！这里有这么多的花。
2)There is so much water on the table. Or: So much water!桌子上有那么多的水。
2. We can learn a lot about people, places, history, and special times from stamps. (Page 53)通过这些邮票我们可以学到许多关于人文、地理、历史和特殊时代的知识。
a lot “许多、大量”，用在动词后，同very much用法一样。如:
1）She told me a lot about how to learn English well.
她告诉我许多有关怎样学好英语的方法。 （about ，on关于）
2）Thanks a lot.非常感谢。
另外，a lot of 和lots of 的意思也是“许多、大量”，要用在名词前，在肯定句中常代替much，many。在口语中尤其如此。如：
There are a lot of / lots of history books in the room.屋里有许多历史书。
There is still a lot of / lots of snow on top of the house.房上仍有许多雪。
We have had a lot of / lots of fruits. 我们吃过许多水果。
a lot of和lots of之间没有多大区别，都可以与可数名词和不可数名词连用。与不可数名词连用时，动词用单数，与可数名词连用时，动词用复数。见上述例句。
3.Would you like to collect any of these things? (Page 53)你想集下面这些东西吗?
would you like to +动词原形，表示“想要……”如:
1) Would you like to have a cup of coffee? 你想要一杯咖啡吗？
2)Would you like to have something to drink？你想要点喝的吗？
any 用在疑问句、条件从句中，可以翻译为“什么”、“一些”。如:
1)Are there any letters for me? 这有我的信吗？
2)If you have any trouble, please let me know. 如果你有什么困难，请告诉我。
4. What things do you love collecting? (Page 53)你喜欢集什么东西？
love + doing表示“喜欢、爱好”，也可以用like+ doing表示。如：
1）I love listening to the music.我爱好听音乐。
2）I love skating.我喜欢溜冰。
5.I am interested in playing sports. (Page 54)我对运动感兴趣。
be interested in (doing) sth. “对……感兴趣”:
1）I am interested in reading books.我对读书特别感兴趣。
2）Jack is interested in football.杰克对足球很感兴趣。
6.What do you often do in your spare time? (Page 55)
在你的业余时间里面你都做些什么啊？
in one’s spare time “在业余时间”“在闲暇之际”，也可用in one’s free time替换。(记住one’s 其实就是形容词物主代词his her my their 等 或者 ‘s ，举例 Tom’s )如:
1）I shall do it in my spare time. 我会在我的业余时间做这件事。
2）In my free time I often go to the movies.在闲暇之际，我常去看电影。
7. I often go fishing. (Page 55)我经常去钓鱼。
go + doing表示“去做某事”
go +v-ing结构很常用，多用于体育活动和业余娱乐活动。如:go dancing，go fishing，go boating，go swimming, go shopping
1)Let’s go fishing next Sunday.下星期天我们去钓鱼吧。
2)Are you going hiking this weekend?这个周末你打算去远足吗？
另外还有：go hunting 去打猎 go shooting 去射击 go swimming 去游泳
go bathing 去沐浴 go shopping 去购物 go climbing 去爬山
8.And I do a lot of reading. (Page 55)我通常都是阅读一些书籍。
在英语中有不少由“do + doing”的结构，表示“干某事”。如：
散步 do some walking
读书 do some reading
洗衣服 do some washing
买东西 do some shopping
清扫 do some cleaning
9．Im a movie fan. 我是一个电影迷。
fan(运动、电影等)狂热爱好者。如:
a film / football / star fan
同时，fan作为名词还有“风扇”的意思。如：electric fan 电扇。
10．I also rent VCDs and watch them at home.
我也租一些VCD在家看。
watch “观看、注视”。如：
1) I like to watch TV.我喜欢看电视。
2) Are you going to play or watch?你将参加比赛还是只是去看看？
11.Why not go out and do some outdoor activities?
为什么不走出去做一些户外运动呢？
这是一个省略句，全句可以说成Why shall we not go out and do some outdoor activities?常在口语中使用，用来征求对方的意见或表达建议。使用这种句子必须要有上下文，如：
1）Why not meet at the school gate?我们在校门口见面好吗？
2）Why not run a little faster?为什么不跑快一点呢？
some“一些、几个”，用在疑问句中, 表示希望得到肯定回答。如：
1）Would you like to give us some good advice?请给我们一些好的建议好吗？
2）Would you like some coffee or tea?请问，你是想喝咖啡还是茶？
12.Maybe I need a change. (Page 55) 或许我需要改变。maybe “也许、可能、大概”。如：
1）Maybe he will come, maybe he won’t.也许他来，也许他不来。
2）—Is that true?那是真的吗？
—Maybe, I am not sure.也许，我也不敢肯定。
13.My interests are changing all the time. (Page 56) 我的兴趣爱好总是在不断地改变。
all the time“总是、一直”。如：1）Why are you playing all the time? 你为什么总是玩啊？
2）Look at these monkeys, they are jumping all the time.看看这些猴子，它们一直跳个不停。
14. And I wasn’t interested in sports at all. (Page 56)我对运动一点兴趣都没有。
not...at all “一点也不……”；“全然不”。如：
1）I didn’t mind it at all. 我一点也不在意。
2）—Thank you for helping me.谢谢你帮助我。
—Not at all.没关系。3）He didn’t know that at all. 他对此事一无所知。
15. But now, my hobbies are sports, like soccer and swimming. (Page 56)
但是现在我的爱好是体育，比如足球和游泳。
like “像……，好比……”这里 like是介词。如：
1)He swims very quickly like a fish.他游泳非常地快，像一条鱼。
2) The cake is round like a moon.这块蛋糕是圆的，就像月亮一样。
16. I never miss any important soccer games.
我从未错过任何一场重要的足球比赛。
never “未曾、从未”，表示否定。如：1)I have never met him before.我以前从未见过他。
2) You have never been to the Great Wall, have you?你从未去过长城，是吗？
17. I used to know little about paintings. (Page 56)我过去不太懂绘画。little和few都含有否定的意思。表示“不多”；“很少”。little相当于not much, few相当于not many。little与不可数名词连用, few与可数名词复数连用。如：
1)I have little time.我的时间很少。
2) I understood little of his speech.他的话我没有明白多少。
3) Few of the students passed the exam.没有几个学生考试及格。Few people would agree with him.没有多少人同意他。
而a little （后面加不可数名词）和a few（后面加可数名词复数） 表示“一些”；“几个”（虽然少，但有一些）。如：
1)I know a little French.我多少还懂点儿法语。
2) There’s a little water in the glass.杯子里还有点儿水。
3) Can you stay a few days longer?你能多呆几天吗？4)I still have a few friends in Beijing.我在北京还有几个朋友。
18. I enjoy listening to rock music. (Page 56)我喜欢听摇滚音乐。
like, love, enjoy和prefer，这四个词都有“喜欢”之意，但用法不同。试比较：
like意为“喜欢、爱好”，语气较弱，其后可跟名词、代词、不定式、动名词等作宾语。like也常跟复合宾语，宾语补足语常用动词不定式。如：
1）In England， many people like fish and chips.
在英国，许多人喜欢鱼和油炸土豆条。
2）Jack likes playing football.杰克爱踢足球。
3）I don’t like to eat apples now.现在我不想吃苹果。
love意为“爱，热爱，喜欢”，常指对祖国、亲人及朋友的爱，也可用于事物，强调非常喜欢，具有较强的感情色彩。其后可跟名词、动名词、代词或不定式作宾语。如：
1）Father loves his work.爸爸热爱他的工作。
2）I love watching TV.我爱看电视。
3）Children love to play this game.孩子们爱做这种游戏。
4）We all love our great motherland.我们热爱我们伟大的祖国。
enjoy意为“喜欢，欣赏”，，其后可以跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。enjoy oneself表示“玩得愉快”之意。
enjoy doing 喜欢做某事，享受做某事
1）The Greens enjoy living in China.格林一家喜欢在中国居住。
2）Did you enjoy yourself in the zoo?你在动物园玩得愉快吗？
3）Many foreigners enjoy Chinese food.很多外国人喜欢中国菜。
prefer意为“宁愿、更喜欢”，常用于两者之间的选择，其后可跟名词、代词、动名词或不定式。prefer...to....表示“宁愿……，不愿……”，“喜欢……而不喜欢……”，其中to为介词，后可跟名词或动名词。如：prefer doing sth to doing sth. 喜欢做。。。而不喜欢做。。。
1）Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?你比较喜欢喝茶，还是喝咖啡？
2）I prefer walking to cycling.我喜欢步行胜过骑单车。
3）My brother likes maths, but I prefer English.
我哥哥喜欢数学，而我更喜欢英语。
19.Did you use to go swimming during summer vacations? 在暑假里，你过去经常去游泳么？
during “在……的期间、在……的时候”。如：
1）The sun gives us light during the daytime.太阳在白天给我们阳光。
2) He called to see me during my absence.当我不在的时候他来访过我。
20．I used to do that in the pond in front of my house. 我过去常在我家门前的池塘里游泳。
in front of “在……的前面”；指在物体外部的前面。而in the front of “……的前部”；指在物体内部的前面，即前部。注意它们的区别。试比较：1）There is a tall tree in front of my house.我家房前有一棵大树。
2）Don’t stand in front of me. I can’t see the blackboard.别站在我前面。我都看不见黑板。
3）The teacher is giving a lesson in the front of the classroom.
老师在教室的前面讲课。
4) The driver is sitting in the front of the car.司机坐在汽车的前面。
21．Nobody. I taught myself. ( Page 57) 没有任何人，我自学的。teach oneself “自学、自修”。teach动词“教授、教……”有些动词后常跟反身代词，如：enjoy oneself “过得愉快”, help oneself “随便吃（用）……”。如：
1)She teaches history in our school.她在我们学校教历史。
2)She taught his son English when he was 3 years old.她儿子3岁时，她就教他英语。
3）Did you enjoy yourselves in the party?你们在舞会上玩得愉快吗？4）Help yourself to some fruit.请随便吃些水果吧。
22.When they are free, people usually do what they like. (Page 58) 当人们空闲的时候，他们总是做一些自己喜欢的事情。如：
1）Are you free this evening? = Do you have time this evening? 你今天晚上有空吗？
2)If I am free, I am going to visit the museum. = If I have time, I am going to visit the museum.如果有时间，我打算去参观博物馆。
23.They also paint pictures or collect things such as coins, dolls or stamps. (Page 58)
他们也绘画或者收集一些东西，例如：硬币、娃娃或邮票。
such as “像……、比如……、诸如……”如：
1）We study several subjects, such as Chinese, maths, English and physics.我们学习很多的科目，比如语文、数学、英语和物理。
2）I can name some animals in the zoo, such as tiger, wolf, fox and so on.
我可以叫出动物园里一些动物的名字，如老虎，狼，狐狸等。
24．When people become old, hobbies can keep them healthy. When people are sick, hobbies can help them get well sooner.(Page 58)
当人们变老的时候，爱好可以帮助他们保持健康。当人们身体虚弱的时候，爱好还可以帮助他们很快地康复。这些内容我之前讲过，在看看，复习下。。本句中become, keep, be, 与get都是系动词。系动词的基本用法是其后加形容词做表语。
系动词一共可以分为两大类：表示状态的和表示状态变化的。
系动词表示状态的又分为以下三类：
1)be, seem似乎(动词), appear（动词）显得，似乎等。
He seems quite happy.他似乎十分高兴。
2)由感官动词变化而来的，翻译成中文通常可以翻译成 “……起来” ，这些系动词有：look, sound, feel, taste, smell等。
3)由不及物动词转化而来的，这些系动词有：, keep, remain 保持
系动词表示状态变化的包括：become, go, get, grow, turn, fall等。如：
1）Coffee smells nice.咖啡闻起来好香。
2）After hearing that, his face went red.听完，他的脸红了。
3）The days get longer and longer in spring.春天白天变得越来越长了。
24．I call him Pink pig. The color of his skin is light pink. ( Page 59)
我叫他粉色，因为他的皮肤是淡粉色的。
light“淡色的、浅色的”，而dark的意思则是“深色的、暗淡的”。如：
1)Which dress do you like, the light one or the dark one?
你喜欢哪条裙子，浅色的还是深色的？
2)It is dark now. Let’s go home quickly. 天黑了，咱们快点儿回家吧。
25．Pink likes to have a bath.( Page 59) Pink喜欢洗澡。have a bath 洗澡
短语have a bath与动词bathe意思一样，但前者表示在有限的时间里进行某项活动。如：
游泳 have a swim 谈一谈 have a talk
洗一洗 have a wash骑马 have a ride
看一看 have a look休息一下 have a rest
26.How do you take care of them?你怎样照顾它们？take care of 照顾，类似的说法还有look after。如：
1)The girl is too young to take care of herself.这姑娘太小了还不能照顾自己。
too + adj + to do 太。。。以至不能。。
He is too young to go to school. 他太小以至于不能去上学。
2) The old man is taken good care of by his children.这位老人被他的孩子们精心照顾着。
3)My mother is ill. I have to look after her at home.我妈妈病了，我得在家照顾她。
4）You must look after your things. 你必须照看好你自己的东西。
三.语法学习
1.I used to listen to rock music but now I collect telephone cards and paintings. (Page 53)
我过去常听摇滚乐，可现在我集电话卡和画。
used to do sth. 这一结构表示过去的习惯（过去经常反复发生的动作）或状态（暗含的意思是现在已不复存在），只有一种形式，即过去式，用于所有人称。used to的否定形式为didn’t use to do。疑问句为Used you to... ? 或 Did you use to...?如：
1）I used to go to school on foot.
我过去步行上学。（暗含的意思是：我现在不再步行上学了。）
2）Mary used to sleep late.
玛莉过去总是很晚才睡觉。（暗含的意思是：玛莉现在睡觉不再那么晚了。）
3)I used to walk along the road after supper.
我过去常常在晚饭后沿着这条马路散步。
4)He used not to like Peking opera, but now he’s very fond of it.
他过去不喜欢京剧，但现在非常喜欢。
现在大多数人在口语中或不太正式的书面语中对否定句和疑问句常使用与do 连用的形式。例如：
1)I didn’t use to like skating, but now I like it very much.
我过去不喜欢滑冰，但现在很喜欢。
2)Did you use to go there?你以往常去哪儿？
3)There used to be a theatre here, didn’t there?以前这里有一座剧院，是不是？
另外，注意be used to doing sth.与used to do sth.的区别：
be used to doing sth “习惯于…，适应于…”如:
1）He is used to working hard. 他习惯于努力地工作。2）He used to bring me roses when he came to see me. 过去他来看我时,常带玫瑰花。
3）I’m used to doing jogging in the morning now. 我习惯于早上慢跑。
be used to do sth.“某物被用来做某事”。如：
1）Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来生产纸张。
2）Computers can be used to do a lot of work now. 如今电脑可用来做许多事。
2. Collecting stamps must be great fun! (Page 53)集邮肯定很有趣！
must在这里是情态动词，作用是用来表示推测，可以翻译为“想必”。如:
1)Your brother must be in the school. I saw him just now.
你的哥哥想必在学校。我刚才看见他了。
2)Your friend must have left for Nanjing yesterday.
你的朋友想必昨天已经离开去南京了。
3) She thought that her present must be in the box.她以为礼物一定是在盒子里。
4) You must be thirsty after a long walk.走了很长的路，你一定渴了。
5) It must be ten o’clock now.现在肯定有10点钟了。情态动词must的三种否定形式
must表示“必须”时，其否定回答为don’t have to，意思为“不需要”。如:
1）Must I pay back the money right now? No, you don’t have to.
我必须现在偿还这笔钱吗？不，你不需要现在还。2）You must listen to the teacher carefully in class.你必须在课堂上认真听讲。
must表示“推测”时，其否定形式为can’t，意思为“不可能”。如:
1）I’ve seen what she is talking about, so she can’t be telling lies.我目睹了她所说的事情，因此，她不可能在说谎。
2）Yesterday I received a letter from him, so he can’t be here. 昨天我收到了他的信，所以说他不可能在这儿。而must not的意思为“绝对不可，不许，禁止”。如：1）You must not smoke in the hospital.你绝对不可以在医院里吸烟。
2）You must not cross the road when the traffic lights are red.交通灯是红色时，你千万不能过马路。3.He doesn’t mind whether they’re good or not. 他并不介意它们是否是好的。
此句为以whether引导的宾语从句。whether...or not“不论是否……”。如：
1）You have to get up early everyday whether it rains or not.你必须天天早点起床，不论是否下雨。2）Whether we go or not matters little.不论我们是否去，关系不大。
if与whether的区别。
二者在引导宾语从句时一般可换用。如：
1)I want to know if / whether it is going to rain tomorrow.我想知道明天是否下雨。
2) He asked me if / whether Li Ping was at home.他问我李平是否在家。3) He didn’t understand if / whether the stranger told a lie.他不明白那个陌生人是否说的是假话。
但下列几种情况不能换用。
whether 后可紧接or not，而if一般不能。
Let me know whether or not you can come.
你能来还是不能来，请告诉我一声。
whether引导的宾语从句可移到主句前，if则不能。如：Whether this is true or not, I can not say.这件事是否真实，我说不上。
不定式前用whether，不用if。如：I haven’t decided whether to go to the cinema or to stay at home.我还没有决定是看电影还是留在家里。
介词后可用whether，不用if。如：
I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.我是否回家还没有定。
Topic2
一. 重点词汇
pity遗憾 concert 音乐会 violin 小提琴 sweet 悦耳的continue doing sth. 继续做某事 be born 出生 set up 建立classical music 古典音乐 folk songs 民歌 stage name 艺名
everyday life 日常生活 be famous for 因……而著名 look for 寻找
二. 重点句型
1．And it sounds great! 听起来好极了。
sound 系动词“听起来”，系动词后常与形容词连用。
2.What kind of musical instrument can you你会弹什么种类的乐器？kind 是“种类，类型”的意思。如：a kind of 一种，all kinds of各种各样， what kind of 什么类型的。如:
1）Dumpling is a kind of Chinese food.饺子是一种中国食品。2）There are all kinds of books in Beijing Library.北京图书馆有各种各样的图书。3）What kind of room would you like, a double room or a single room?你需要什么类型的房间？双人间还是单人间？
3.We have guitar, violin, piano and drum lessons for just ￥240 each. (Page 62)
我们有吉他课、小提琴课、钢琴课、和打鼓课，每个课程仅需要240元。
each副词 “各个”，“每个”。如：
1）These books cost a dollar each.这些书每本一美元。2)He gave the boys a shilling each.他给孩子们每人一个先令。
4．What do you do in your free time? (Page 63) 你在闲暇之际干些什么？
in one’s free time “在闲暇之际”。
5．Classical music is serious music. (Page 64) 古典音乐是一种很严肃的音乐。
serious 形容词“严肃的、认真的”；“严重的”。如：1）He is a serious worker. 他是一个工作认真的人。2）“ It’s nothing serious.” says the doctor,“ You’ve got a little cold.”
医生说：“没事，就是有点儿感冒。”
6．Pop music often comes and goes easily. 流行音乐来得快去得也快。come and go easily 可以翻译为“来去匆匆”。如：
1）Money is something that comes and goes easily.钱这东西来得快去得也快。
2）Rain in June comes and goes easily.六月的雨来得快去得也快。
7．They are very popular among young people.它们在年轻人当中很流行。among 介词“在……当中”,“在……中间”，用于三者或三者以上；而between也是介词“在……当中”,“在……中间”之意，则只能用于两者之间。如：1）Among the family, Lin Tao is the youngest.在全家人中，林涛是最小的。2）Tom runs fastest among the boys in his class.汤姆是他们班男孩子中跑得最快的。3）Mary is sitting between the twins.玛丽坐在双胞胎的中间。
4）The football game is between Chinese team and Japanese team.足球赛在中国队和日本队之间进行。
8. Guo Lanying, Song Zuying and Tenger are famous for their folk songs.
郭兰英，宋祖英和腾格尔以（唱）民歌而出名。
be famous for“以……而著名”, “因……而出名”。如：
1) Gui Lin is famous for the stone forests.桂林以石林而著名。
2)China is famous for its long history.中国以悠久的历史而闻名。
3）Beijing Library is famous for having a large number of books.
北京图书馆以藏书众多而闻名。9．It is one of the most famous rock bands in the world.
它是世界上最著名的摇滚乐队之一。
one of “……之一”。常用在“one of + 最高级 +名词复数”结构中。如：
1)Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.
长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
2) English is one of the most difficult subjects this term.
英语是这学期最难学的课程之一。
3）Liu Xiang is one of the fastest runners in the world.刘翔是世界上跑得最快的人之一。
10．In the fall of 1976, a- 14-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians. 在1976年的秋天，一个14岁的中学生，Larry Mullen寻找一些音乐家。
1)fall是美国英语，相当于英国英语的中的autumn。
2)14-year-old 数词和名词之间有连字符的，名词不用复数。如：
a three-leg chair 一把三条腿的椅子
the tenth five-year plan 第十个五年计划
3)look for “寻找”，强调“寻找”的过程，而find“找到”，则是强调“找到”的结果。如：
1)—What are you doing? 你在干什么？
— I’m looking for my bike key.我在找我的自行车钥匙。
2)—What are you looking for?你在找什么？
—I’m looking for my cat.我在找我的猫。
—Can you find it?你找到了没有？
—No. I looked for it everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere.
没有。我到处找，可哪儿也找不到。11．He wanted to form a band.他想组建一个乐队。
want to “想做某事”，want to + 动词原形。如：
1) I want to be a doctor when I grow up.我长大了想当一名医生。
2) People want to live on the moon some day.人们想有一天能住在月球上。
3) What do you want to do this Sunday?这个星期天你想干什么？
常用want sb. to do sth.表示“想让某人做某事”。如：1)He wants me to help him with his lessons.他想让我帮他学习功课。
2) His parents wanted him to clean the room after school.
他父母想让他放学后打扫房间。
3) The teacher wanted her to speak louder when she answered the question.
老师想让她在回答问题的时候声音再大一点。
12．He found 3 boys and they set up a band.
他找到了3个男孩，他们就组成了一个乐队。
found是动词find的过去式。意思是“找到”；find强调“找到”的结果。set up 组建，创办。如：set up housekeeping组织家庭
13.The four members are still close friends after many years. 多年后，4位成员仍然是好朋友。
close “亲密的”。如：a close friend一个亲密的朋友
14.They continue making music. (Page 65)他们继续创作音乐。
continue + to do sth./ doing sth./ n.“继续做某事”。如：continue to read/writing/ a story 继续阅读/写作/一个故事
15．And people all over the world still enjoy their music very much. (Page 65)
全世界的人们仍然非常喜欢他们的音乐。
all over the world 全世界
16．When he was eight, his father asked a music teacher to teach him to play the piano.当他八岁的时候，他的父亲请了一位老师来教授他如何弹奏钢琴。在这个句子中ask的意思是“请求，要求”，常用的ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”。如：1）I often ask my uncle to help me with my maths.我常请我叔叔帮我学数学。
2）My grandfather always asks me to get up at six in the morning.
我爷爷总让我早晨六点起床。
还有一些其他类似的用法。如：
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事
teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事
play the piano “弹奏钢琴”。在英语中，在表示弹奏、演奏乐器时，所有的乐器前面都要加定冠词the，如：
play the guitar弹吉他
play the piano弹钢琴
play the violin拉小提琴
play the drums 敲鼓
而与之相反，在英语中表达玩球类项目时，我们通常在球类项目的名词前不加定冠词。如：
play football踢足球
play basketball打篮球
play bridge cards打桥牌
play chess下棋
17．He says violin music is his favorite and it makes him happy. (Page 67)
他说小提琴是他的最爱，使他很快乐。
make +n.+adj.结构。如： The news made us very exciting. 这个消息使我们很激动。
三.语法学习
1. What a pity! (Page 61)真遗憾！
这是一个由what引导的感叹句。what引导感叹句的基本构成为：
what + a / an +（形容词）+可数名词单数！
what +（形容词）+可数名词复数/不可数名词！如：1）What a stupid question!多么愚蠢的问题啊！2）What lively boys they are! 多么活泼的男孩子们啊2. What are you going to do this Sunday evening?(Page61) 这一周日晚上你想干什么1)“be going to” 是一般将来时的一种表达方法.它表示:
i) 现在打算在最近或将来要做某事. 如: Tom is going to Beijing with his father next week.
ii) 说话人根据已有的迹象认为可能要发生某事. 如: There are a lot of dark clouds. It’s going to rain.
2) “be going to”句式的基本结构:
肯定句:主语+be going to … eg. He is going to stay at school.
否定句:主语+be + not +going to… eg. I’m not going to the library this afternoon.
一般疑问句: Be +主语+going to… eg. Are you going to play tennis next week?
3)be going to 用于there be 结构时要用There be going to be + 主语+其它形式.
如: There is going to be a football game tomorrow.
4)与be going to 连用的时间状语有: next week/month/year, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this evening, in the future等.
Topic3
一. 重点词汇
nobody无人 museum 博物馆
church教堂 factory工厂 program节目
pleasa令人愉快的 handsome英俊的
agree with sb. 与某人看法一致 take a shower洗澡 answer the phone 接电话 do some cleaning 打扫卫生knock at 敲 too…to太…..以至于不能 talk about谈论关于
二.重点句型
1．I called you but nobody answered the phone.我给你打电话了，但是没有人接。
answer the phone 固定词组，可翻译为“接电话”
answer的意思是“回答，答复”。如：
1) What shall I answer?我将怎样回答呢？
2) Have you answered his letter? 你回了他的信吗？3) Answer the door, please, Jack. Someone is knocking at the door.开门去，杰克,有人在敲门。2．Oh, I was taking a shower. (Page 69) 我在淋浴。take a shower淋浴，也可以用动词have代替take。如：
洗澡 take a bath have a bath
休息一下take a resthave a rest
看一看take a lookhave a look
散散步take a walkhave a walk
3．Yeah, I think so.是，我也这样认为。
在think后面可以用so来代替前面的内容，以避免重复。例如：
— Is he at home? 他在家吗？
— Yes, I think so. 是的，我想他在家。
I think so.的否定形式一般为I don’t think so.例如：—Do you think classical music is very popular in China?你认为古典音乐在中国很流行吗？—No, I don’t think so. 不，我认为不很流行。
4．And I also like the young man with light hair.
我也喜欢那个留着浅色头发的年轻人。
with在这里是“有”的意思。如：
a coat with two pockets有两个口袋的衣服
a girl with blue eyes碧眼女郎
a woman with an angry look in her eyes眼里有怒色的女子
5．He is so handsome! (Page 71)他非常帅！
so在口语中，与加重语气的感叹句连用，作very解。如：
1) I’m so glad to see you!我很高兴见到你！
2) It was so kind of you !你真好！
3) There was so much to do!这么多事要做！
6．I agree with you. (Page 71)我同意你的意见。
agree with sb.同意某人的看法。如：
I don’t agree with her.
我不同意她的意见。
7. You look very sad.你看起来很伤心。
look系动词，可以翻译为“看起来”。look做系动词，后面可以接形容词、动词的过去分词、名词、介词短语以及as if从句做表语。如：
1）Tom looks very strong. 汤姆看起来非常的强壮。（形容词做表语）
2）Amy looks a fool. 埃米看起来像一个傻瓜。（名词做表语）
3）You look like your mother. 你看起来很像你的母亲。（介词短语做表语）
4）It looks as if we’re going to win this game. 看起来似乎我们要赢得这场比赛。（从句做表语）
8.There’s nothing serious. (Page 72)没什么严重的事。（没事。）
nothing serious “没事”。注意此结构的用法。用来修饰代词something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody等的形容词，要放在被修饰词的后面。如句中serious要放在nothing的后面。如：1) Would you like anything else?你还要点儿什么吗？
2) I’ll tell you something important.我要告诉你一件重要的事。3) There is nothing wrong with the computer.这台电脑没毛病。
8．Well, Miss Wang was angry with me.
王老师生我的气了。
注意be angry 后所跟的介词：
be angry with + sb. 生某人的气
be angry at + sb. 对某人的言行气愤
be angry about + sth. 对某事生气 如：
1) He was angry with himself for having made such foolish mistakes.
他因犯如此愚蠢的错误而气恼自己。
2) He was angry at being kept waiting.他因旁人使他久等而生气。
3) He was angry about so much traffic in the street. 他对街上那么多的车辆而气恼。
9.In the early 1800s, Sunday was the “holy day”.
在19世纪早期，星期日的含义就是“神圣的一天”。1800s表示19世纪，同样的，1900s则表示20世纪。10.In the US, workers called them“blue Mondays”.
在美国，工人们把它们叫做“蓝色星期一”。
蓝色（blue）在汉语中的引申意义较少，而在英语中blue是一个含义十分丰富的颜色词。在翻译同这一颜色有关的表达时，我们应该注意其中的特别含义。
英语的blue常用来喻指人的“情绪低落”、“心情沮丧”、“忧愁若闷”，如：
1）They felt rather blue after the failure in the football game.
球赛踢输了，他们感到有些沮丧。
2）—She looks blue today.What’s the matter with her?
—She’s in holiday blue.
—她今天显得闷闷不乐，出了什么事？
—她得了假期忧郁症。
11. Then decide how you are going to spend your weekend. (Page 74)
然后决定你的周末怎么过。
spend度过；花费（时间、金钱）。结构有：spend...on sth., spend...(in)doing sth. 如：
1）He spent 5 yuan on the post card. 他买这张明信片花了5元钱。
2)They spent three days looking for the lost sheep on the hill.
他们用了三天的时间在山上找丢失的羊。
12. Did you have a good time? (Page 76) 你们玩得高兴吗？
have a good time = enjoy oneself过得愉快；玩得高兴。类似的说法还有have a great time, have a nice time, have a wonderful time。
三.语法学习 I was doing some washing. I was doing some cleaning. (Page 69)
我在洗衣服。 我在打扫卫生。这句用的是过去进行时.
1. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作,也表示过去一段时间内的活动或那个阶段正在进行的动作.如:
He were watching TV at 8:00 last night.
They were writing a book last month.
1. 过去进行时由be (was/were)+动词ing 形式构成的,肯定句:主语+was/were +doing +…
否定句: 主语+wasn’t/weren’t +doing +…
一般疑问句: Was/Were+主语+doing+…
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
如: They were studying English at this tine yesterday.They weren’t studying English at this time yesterday. Were they studying English at this time yesterday?
Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.
11. Then decide how you are going to spend your weekend. (Page 74)
然后决定你的周末怎么过。
spend度过；花费（时间、金钱）。结构有：spend...on sth., spend...(in)doing sth. 如：
1）He spent 5 yuan on the post card. 他买这张明信片花了5元钱。
2)They spent three days looking for the lost sheep on the hill.
他们用了三天的时间在山上找丢失的羊。
12. Did you have a good time? (Page 76) 你们玩得高兴吗？
have a good time = enjoy oneself过得愉快；玩得高兴。类似的说法还有have a great time, have a nice time, have a wonderful time。
三.语法学习 I was doing some washing. I was doing some cleaning. (Page 69)
我在洗衣服。 我在打扫卫生。这句用的是过去进行时.
1. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作,也表示过去一段时间内的活动或那个阶段正在进行的动作.如:
He were watching TV at 8:00 last night.
They were writing a book last month.
2. 过去进行时由be (was/were)+动词ing 形式构成的,肯定句:主语+was/were +doing +…
否定句: 主语+wasn’t/weren’t +doing +…
一般疑问句: Was/Were+主语+doing+…
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
如:They were studying English at this tine yesterday. They weren’t studying English at this time yesterday. Were they studying English at this time yesterday? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.
Unit 4
Topic1
一.重点词语
1. share…with 与……共享
2. play with 玩弄，玩耍
3. in danger 在危险之中
4. feed on 以……为食
5. think about 考虑，思考
6. enjoy nature 享受自然
7. at night 晚上
8. in the daytime 白天
9. summer vacation 暑假
10. thousands of 成千上万
11. in fact 事实上
12. find out 查明，发现
13. in nature 在自然界
二.重点句型
１.Ｐlants are more beautiful than animals. 植物比动物更漂亮。
２.The plants stay green longer there. 那儿的植物能更长时间保持绿色。
３.The rainforests are very important to us. （热带）雨林对我们很重要。４.Water is necessary for all plants.It is the most important thing to all living things,we must save every drop of water. 水对所有植物是必需的。它对所有生物都重要，我们必须节约每一滴水。
５.Isn’t it interesting？ 是不是很有趣呀？
６.It is one of the most dangerous fish in the world. 它是世界上最危险的鱼之一。
７.It is so strange！ 太奇怪了！
三.语法学习
（一.）形容词的比较级和最高级的构成
１. 规则变化：（1.）一般在词尾加—er或—est.如：fresh—fresher—freshest.
（2.）以字母e结尾的形容词，加r或st,如：late—later—latest.
（3.）以重读闭音节结尾的词，词尾只有一个辅音字母时，应双写这一辅音字母，再加er或est.如：big—bigger—biggest.
（4.）以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节词，先改y为i，再加er 或est.happy—happier—happiest.
（5.）部分双音节词和多音节词前面加more或most构成比较级或最高级。如：careful—more careful—most careful,
beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful.
２.不规则变化：
good/well—better—best,little—less—least,many/much—more—most,bad/ill—worse—worst,far—farther/further—farthest/furthest.
（二.）形容词的比较级和最高级的用法
１. 比较级Ａ＜Ｂ或Ａ＞Ｂ，经常与than搭配，或给出比较的二个内容。可用much和a little修饰．２. 三者或三者以上比较用最高级，一般给出比较范围．如：of（in）＋…。
(1)例句：①I’m happier than you. 我比你更快乐。②Plants are much more beautiful than animals. 植物比动物漂亮的多。(２)例句：①The boy is the tallest in my class. 这个男孩是我们班最高的。②Lesson Two is the most important of all. 第二课是所有中最重要的。
四.交际用语：学习如何用英语描述和谈论我们生存的自然环境
Do you like plants or animals?
What are you thinking about?
Why do you think so?
What kind of wild animal is the most dangerous,the tiger,the snake or the bear?
Why must we save every drop of water?
Topic 2
一. 重点词语
1.take the place of 代替，取代
2.instead of 代替，而不是……
3.mistake…for…把……错当
4.seem to do 好象，似乎
5.call for 要求
6.wake sb. up 将某人叫醒
7.see sb.doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
8.use sth. for sth./doing sth. 利用某物做某事
9.spend…on… 在……上花费时间或金钱
10.be sure of 确信
11.these days 现在，目前
12.in alphabetical order 按字母表顺序排列
13.look up 查阅
14.pay attention to 注意，专心
15.begin with 以……开始
16.and son on 等等
17.switch on 开（电灯，机器等）
18.ask （sb.）for sth. 向……要……
二．重点句型
1. I’m sure robots can do some work better than humans. 我确信机器人比人能更好地做某些工作。
2. I saw a UFO while I was walking down the street yesterday. 昨天我沿着街道走时，看见了一个不明飞行物。3. It looked like a plate. 它看上去像一个盘子。
4. Until now,even the scientists are not sure whether there are UFO. 直到现在，甚至科学家也不确信是否有不明飞行物。
5. We can shop without going out of our houses. 我们不出家门就能购物。
6. We can use the Internet for finding a job. 我们可以用网络来找工作。
7. We shouldn’t spend too much time on it.但是我们不应该在因特网上花费太多的时间。
8. When you look up a word in the dictionary,pay attention to the first letter of the word. 当你在字典里查一个单词的时候，注意这个单词的第一个字母。
三.语法学习
（一.）现在进行时与过去进行时的区别：
１.现在进行时表示现在正在发生或正在做的事情，基本结构be＋现在分词。如：
肯定句：The robots are making a car now. 这些机器人正在生产小汽车。
否定句：We are not studying on the Internet. 我们没有在互联网上学习。
疑问句：Is the teacher looking up the word in the dictionary？这个老师正在词典中查这个词吗？特殊疑问句：Ｗho am I talking to？我在和谁谈话？
２.过去进行时表示过去某一时间，正在发生或正在做的事情。基本结构was（were）＋现在分词。
肯定句：Ｗhen he came in,I was writing a letter.当他进来时，我在写一封信。
否定句：They weren’t watching TV while she was reading. 她读书时，他们没在看电视。
疑问句：Was the UFO flying to us at 8 last night ?昨晚８点UFO向我们飞来了吗？特殊疑问句：What were you drinking while we were sleeping?我们睡觉时，你们在喝什么？
进行时态往往用在时间状语从句中，常与when,while等连词搭配。
（二.）be sure结构表示肯定和不肯定。be sure一般用来表示肯定，be not sure（whether/if）表示不肯定。
be sure后面可以跟不定式和宾语从句。跟不定式一般译为“一定……”，跟宾语从句，译为“确信……”。如：We are sure to repair the TV well. 我们一定修好这台电视机。
I’m sure you can finish your work. 我确信你能完成你的工作。Are you sure whether（if）he switched the computer on? 你确信他打开还是没有打开电脑？
四.交际用语：学习用英语谈论现代科技。
Could you tell me something about robots?
Can robots take the place of humans?
Are you sure there are UFOs?
Yes,I’m sure.
No,I’m sure whether/if there are UFOs.
What do you often do on the Internet?
Topic 3
一. 重点词语
1. more than 超过
2.pull down 推倒，拆毁
3.heavy traffic 交通繁忙
4.wear out 磨损，用坏
5.used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
6.do one’s best 尽（某人）最大努力
7.live models 真人模型
8.the ancient world 古代
9.be made up of 由……组成
10.join…together 把……连在一起
11.regard…as… 把……看作
12.be worn out 被损坏
二. 重点句型
1.Lots of them were pulled down in the 1960s. 他们当中许多在二十世纪六十年代被拆毁。
2.People thought them useless. 人们认为它们没有用。3.It’s really too bad. 这太遗憾了。
4.We are doing our best to protect and rebuild the old city walls. 我们正在尽全力保护并重建老城墙。
5.It is one of the“seven wonders”of the ancient world still standing. 它是现存的古代“七大奇迹”之一。
6.Since then,people regarded the Great Wall as a symbol of the Chinese nation. 从那以后，人们就把长城看作是中华民族的象征。
三. 语法学习
反意疑问句：由陈述句（或祈使句、感叹句）加一个简短问句构成的疑问句叫反意疑问
句。实质是前面陈述句的反问句。一般对应规律：前肯后否；前否后肯。即陈述部分为肯定形式，附加问句用否定形式；陈述部分为否定形式，附加问句用肯定形式。
如：There are many pyramids in Egypt,aren’t there?在埃及有许多金字塔，不是吗？Sally visited the Great Wall last month,didn’t she?萨莉上个月参观了长城，不是吗？He doesn’t realize the importance of saving water,does he?他没有意识到节约用水的重要性，是吗？
特例点拨：①I’m your good friend,aren’t I?我是你的好朋友，不是吗？I don’t think you can rebuild the house,can you?我认为你不能重修这座房子，是吗？（I don’t think…主要在说think后的内容，故按从句变化）。
②陈述部分有nobody,nothing,never,no,few（没几个），little（几乎没有），hardly（几乎不）等否定或半否定词时，仍视为否定句。根据反意疑问句对应规律，疑问部分用肯定形式。如：There is nothing in the room,is there?屋子里什么也没有，是吗？
Maria never surports me,does she? 玛丽亚从未支持过我，是吗？
He had few apples,did he? 他几乎没有苹果，是吗？
③祈使句的反意疑问句：无论肯定或否定，通常在祈使句后加上will you?如：
Please close the door,will you?请关门好吗？
Don’t tear down the old walls,will you?不要拆毁古墙，好吗？
但以Let’s开头的祈使句用shall we?如：
let’s make a survey,shall we?我们做个调查，好吗？
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