H.M.恩岑斯贝格尔诗4首
汉斯·马格努斯•恩岑斯贝格尔( Hans Magnus Enzensberger 1929- )，德国诗人、作家。1929年11月11日生于德国南部的考夫博伊伦，在纽伦堡长大，曾在埃朗根、汉堡、弗赖堡和法国巴黎等大学学习文学理论、语言和哲学，后加入先锋文学团体“47社”。1955年获博士学位。曾担任广播电台和出版社的编辑，并在大学讲学。1963年获毕希纳奖金。他的诗锋利泼辣、诙谐幽默，风格近似海涅与布莱希特。他的诗集有《狼的辩护》(1957)、《国家的语言》(1960)和《盲人文字》(1964)。他认为诗是“象武器或帽子那样的用具”，其作用在于“揭示用别的手段无法揭示的实情”。他的两部诗集都附有作者写的“使用说明”。1965年起他主编不定期刊物《指南》，成为1968年学生运动中引人注目的人物。1967年在德意志联邦共和国学生运动的影响下，他积极参与政治活动，著有政治论文集《政治与犯罪》(1964)、《空谈》和《1967至1973年的政治见解》(1974)等。后从事纪实文学的创作，著有剧本《哈瓦那的审讯》(1970)，其中的台词都以当时的法庭记录为依据。小说《无政府主义的短暂夏天》(1972)介绍西班牙无政府主义者领袖、工人杜鲁蒂(1896-1936)的生平事迹。其他作品还有《陵墓──出自进步历史的三十七首叙事诗》(1975)、《巨人号的沉没──一出喜剧》(1978)等。恩岑斯贝格尔著述颇丰，已被译成40余种语言，被认为是在世的德语最重要的作家之一，2010年获著名的索宁奖，该奖颁奖词称，恩岑斯贝格尔“在文学、散文和新闻写作领域留下了可观足迹”。
◎履历
他从一只黑盒子里
浮现时，并无任何
特别之处。
紧致的皮肤，天真的气味，
许多念头中的一个。
他不喜欢学步，
他吮吸手指，衣服不再合身，
注意力不集中。只一会儿
就屈服了；逐渐软化，
仔细察看他的舌头。
在夜里，闲荡，
没有睡意；大白天，却
硬撑着，从一处跑到另一处。
他受苦，在漫长的朝圣途中
全身又湿又脏。
流汗，劳累，亲昵——
一个独立的个体，明确无误
而且可爱。除了皱纹
越来越深，斑点
出现在皮肤上，他已经
不再十分紧致这一事实
从著装暴露无遗。
就这样，在一只黑盒子里
他降落到
我们都将降落的地方。
残存的仅仅是
他的灵魂，如果鞋子确有一个
无形、一无所用的，鞋底。
◎错误
隔壁一个孩子在弹奏贝多芬的《致爱丽丝》。
一遍又一遍，能够听出弹错。
断言无错
是失礼的。对于食客而言，
杀死东道主是致命的错误。
它也被叫做全球化。
出于羞怯，决定性的错误
隐藏在一堆无关紧要的错误里，
被它们淹没。从来都不
缺乏警示的声音，说：
这世界不可救药。
修理、密封、补缀、
填充、改革、用红色墨水和颜料遮盖
以求改进的感人尝试：
导致更离奇的错误。
当然先天性缺陷和流产
另当别论。
而事情还是不对头，包括
需求、颜色、启动、
后座力与点火装置。
一个偏离轨道的银河
令人吃惊。总而言之，
一切源于这是一个奇迹。
不惜一切代价避免错误本身
也许就是一个错误。
承认失败，承认
疏忽，承认一个
笔误导致卡壳。
举例来说，某些诗
也许是完美的，
如果没有一个小错误
留下来。
无意中出点错，有时候，
人是快乐的，短暂的片刻出错。
但是，什么东西失去了。
◎星体科学
他的世界差不多由空无和空无组成，
由十维空间中
幽灵般的超弦，
陌生感，颜色，旋转，和吸引力组成——
而他这个宇宙学家
患有牙疼；
在圣-莫里茨时，
跌倒在滑雪道；
在吃土豆沙拉
或跟一个不相信玻色子①的
女士同居时；
或在将要死去时，
数学的神话
就蒸发了，方程式熔化了，
他从远处回来
回到我们痛苦、雪、色欲，
土豆色拉和死亡
组成的世界。
Hans Enzensberger is a German translator, editor, author, and poet. Born in Bavaria, he was just 15 years old when the Third Reich collapsed. After studying German literature, philosophy, and language at the universities of Erlangen, Freiburg, and Hamburg, Enzensberger earned his doctorate at the Sorbonne in Paris.
Enzensberger writes in both English and German. In addition to novels, he has written more than five volumes of poetry, including collections for children. Poet Charles Simic, quoted in the Guardian, praised the large scope of Enzensberger’s writing: “[H]e has the largest range of subject matter, employs a variety of styles.… Almost every one of his poems, be they lyric, dramatic or narrative, has a polemical quality."
His various awards and honors include the Georg Büchner Prize, the Heinrich-Böll Prize, and the 2002 Prince of Asturias Award for Communications and Humanities. In 2009, he received a Griffin Poetry Prize Lifetime Recognition Award. Poet and Griffin trustee Carolyn Forché noted the precision of Enzensberger’s diction and style, describing it as a “lively and cornucopious.”
Enzensberger has been the editor of the book series Die Andere Bibliothek since 1985. He lives in Munich.
Hans Magnus Enzensberger (born 11 November 1929 in Kaufbeuren), is a German author, poet, translator and editor. He has also written under the pseudonym Andreas Thalmayr. He lives in Munich.
According to a May 2010 article and interview, Enzensberger was born in 1929 in a small town in Bavaria and is the eldest of four boys. He is part of the last generation of intellectuals whose writing was shaped by first-hand experience of the Third Reich. The Enzensberger family moved to Nuremberg, the ceremonial birthplace of National Socialism, in 1931. Julius Streicher, the founder and publisher of Der Stürmer, was their next-door neighbour. Hans Magnus joined the Hitler Youth in his teens, but was expelled soon afterwards. "I have always been incapable of being a good comrade. I can't stay in line. It's not in my character. It may be a defect, but I can't help it."
Enzensberger studied literature and philosophy at the universities of Erlangen, Freiburg and Hamburg, and at the Sorbonne in Paris, receiving his doctorate in 1955 for a thesis about Clemens Brentano's poetry. Until 1957 he worked as a radio editor in Stuttgart. He participated in several gatherings of Group 47. Between 1965 and 1975 he edited the magazine "Kursbuch". Since 1985 he has been the editor of the prestigious book series Die Andere Bibliothek, published in Frankfurt, and now containing almost 250 titles. Together with Gaston Salvatore, Enzensberger was the founder of the monthly TransAtlantik. His own work has been translated into more than 40 languages.
Enzensberger is the older brother of the author Christian Enzensberger.
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