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【高清视频+独家专访】学术派讲者倪侃的演讲之道

2018-04-20 小二 21世纪杯英语演讲比赛

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公共演讲中讲故事可以使演讲充实生动,增强表达效果,激发观众情感共鸣,不过第23届中国日报社“21世纪•可口可乐杯”全国英语演讲比赛全国亚军、复旦大学的倪侃却曾论述过“The Danger of Storytelling”,并不是否认讲故事的重要性,而是他认为演讲不能只有故事,也应该有清晰的论点和缜密的逻辑。


跟小二一起去和这位学术派讲者聊一聊英语和演讲吧。


内容是核心

在“21世纪杯”全国总决赛上场前的个人视频里,倪侃提到他认为好的演讲会带来思维的碰撞、观念的革新和情感的共鸣,那么如何做到这三点呢?内容是核心。

演讲者本身要有内涵你讲的东西不能是毫无意义的或是落入俗套的东西,也不能是过于个人化、没有显著性的东西。同时你必须相信你所说的东西,而不是为了一个比赛或是一个特定的场合而说一些假大空的话。幽默这个问题的话,我觉得幽默的最终目的是服务于你的演讲内容本身,幽默不光是为了抓住观众的注意力和舒缓演讲氛围,有时候幽默甚至可能比论证来得更令人信服(当然,不是从逻辑层面上来说的)。所以不能为了幽默而幽默,但也不能毫无笑点,过于古板或严肃。

我认为内容才是决定一个演讲好坏的核心:台风、语调、手势等技巧性的东西是可以短期提高的,但真正重要的是长期的积淀,包括很多方面,语言、知识、阅历。最终你的演讲要有一定的重要性和意义,还是得靠内容出彩,我一直觉得演讲、演讲赛的最终目的是share(分享)而不是show(展示)。当然,也不是说其它的方面不重要,毕竟好的内容也是要靠好的delivery承载的。


语言对于演讲只是基础中的基础

英语专业出身的倪侃却不认为英语专业本身会让选手在英语演讲比赛中有任何优势。他认为英语专业不应该保守地限制于语言本身。

我从不觉得英语专业本身会自然地带给选手任何优势。语言能力对于公众演说来说是一个基础中的基础,我觉得可能20年后,随着英语教育资源越来越触手可及,即便是国内的演讲比赛,英语专业语言上所谓的优势也将消失殆尽了。

我觉得国内很多高校对于英语专业的定位太保守了。一个英语系学生学的东西的主要部分应该是语言学或是文学的专业知识,而不是语言本身——现行的培养方案导致很多英语系学生在演讲台上除了有一口漂亮的语音之外就什么都没有了,但我觉得英语专业真正的优势应该在于从文学、语言学或者是人文学科总体的视角去看待各种社会问题

英语专业有没有必要存在?我觉得你把定位换一下,不是去训练语言型人才,而是训练一些专业型人才,那就还是有存在的必要的。文学和语言学的研究不像翻译,还是要人去做的,短时间内机器和人工智能还是取代不了的。所以我认为只要说英语的西方仍然在这个世界上有足够的影响力并且英语仍然是全球最通用的语言,那么英语语言文学这个学科和哲学、中国文学、社会学、法学等学科一样,始终都是有存在必要的。


感恩伯乐

如今站在演讲台上挥洒自如的倪侃还和小二分享了一段刚接触演讲时出丑的经历,初中时只因为英语成绩好,没有任何演讲经验的他被选中参加校内演讲比赛,结果超失常发挥差点造成心理阴影。好在大二时遇到了演讲路上的伯乐——复旦大学外文学院大学英语部时丽娜老师。

我中学是在杭州外国语学校读的,所以我一开始也就是受环境影响开始喜欢,没有什么特别崇高的动机或契机。后来的话我逐渐在英语学习和公众演说中找到了一些自我实现的感觉。英语学习上的话,我越学越觉得英语这个语言是通向更先进、更国际化的知识的必由之路(当然,以中文为载体的知识也有很多很有价值的)。而关于演讲,真正开始练习演讲其实是大二上参加一个比赛的时候。那时我的指导老师时丽娜老师“伯乐相马”般地相中了我(我应该至少不是匹驽马吧,哈哈),虽然回想起来当时我讲得也挺差的,但时老师觉得我有潜力,于是就让我和她不断练习。我会来参加这次比赛也要感谢时老师的支持与坚持。


在时丽娜老师和其他复旦园丁的努力下,复旦大学也在近几年在“21世纪杯”全国总决赛舞台上屡创佳绩,一直保有种子学校名额,时老师表示,“学院学校领导也很重视和支持这块,还成立了英语演讲与辩论中心和英语辩论与演说协会(学生社团),是团队合作的力量造就了我们的成绩,创造了良好的校园讲辩氛围和思辨文化。复旦有很好很悠久的中英文讲辩历史和传统,我们是在传承历史,并把它发扬光大。


演讲技能终生受益

站在大学生活的尾巴上,倪侃已经对未来有了清晰的规划——继续深造。至于读研后是继续攻读博士学位还是进入学术机构,倪侃还没有确定,但有一点他深信不疑,多年来积累的公共演讲功底会让他受益终生。

毕业之后应该会去哥伦比亚大学或者斯坦福大学攻读东亚研究硕士学位,具体研究现代中国的流行文化与社交媒体是如何影响人们的政治生活的,是一个我在本科阶段培养起的学术兴趣。之后可能继续攻读博士学位留在学术机构,或者读法律博士学位。目前哥大法学院的录取信也收到了,但还没有完全确定之后的打算。演讲能力对于未来的帮助肯定是有的,绝大部分职业最终都是跟人打交道,那只要是跟人打交道,演说能力肯定就是一个相关变量。这一点比你拿个奖对于简历的那点帮助来说更有用得多,因为这个能力是伴随你一生的


学好外国语,做好中国人

复旦大学外文学院副院长卢丽安教授在第二期新时代大讲堂演讲时提到“学好外国语,做好中国人”,作为外文学院的一员,倪侃对此也是深有感触。

这句话好像陆谷孙教授在世的时候也反复强调过。可以听出这个说法背后非常浓厚的时代背景,但这句话的核心精神即便是在这个新时代也还是适用的。现在的社会英语能力被认为是一个人的资源和资本,我们常常觉得学好英语是为了能够找个好的工作等等。这句话则是希望大家能够用一种更高的使命感和责任感去看待英语学习过程:我们是基于中国人的身份去学习外国语言、外国文化的。我个人也是比较赞同这个观点的,现在很多英语学习者太浮躁,动机太肤浅,这是一个很好的警示。


↓↓↓一起来听倪侃在“21世纪杯”总决赛中的演讲吧!

https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=j0633j71fid&width=500&height=375&auto=0

已备演讲稿:


The Cocoon of the Past


When I was still a freshman in college, one Scottish professor complained to me about being overcharged at a grocery store. He explained that many business owners in China would assume that white “foreigners” are rich and unable to understand Chinese. My amiable professor, unwilling to start a conflict, would always pay the undue price even though he was only meagerly paid by my university and was able to speak perfect Mandarin.


As a student of humanities, I’m particularly intrigued by the ramifications of cross-cultural encounters entailed by the new era. We have to bear in mind that whenever we talk about the new era, there is always an old era that keeps haunting us in various ways. Last year I went to the University of Tokyo for a one-year exchange program. Before I left, my grandma seemed quite distraught and apprehensive: she told me to take care of myself as if I was about to go to the battlefield.


But we Chinese are not the only ones infested by outdated misconceptions. When I was bidding farewell to my American professor at an academic writing class in Japan, she stopped me and asked me, “Are you really from China?” At first I thought she was pointing at my handsomeness, asking me whether I had been to Korea for plastic surgery. Well, clearly this is another stereotype that we should get rid of. But to my disappointment, she was actually referring to my English skills. “I’ve never met any Chinese student who can talk and write like you do,” She said, “You must have been stayed in the States for some time, haven’t you?” It does seem that even a specialist in linguistics can’t escape the illusion built up by the last generation of Chinese students: gauche and diffident, unable to articulate themselves in English.


Nevertheless, such stereotypes are becoming a thing of the past. When professors around the globe meet with an increasing number of students from China with both language proficiency and academic competence, well-qualified students will no longer be a surprise. Moreover, with more people going abroad and enjoying firsthand encounters with different cultures, people like my grandma will no longer be subject to the fossilized, antiquated narrative of the past. The interesting thing is, after I told my grandma my experiences in Japan, how clean, safe and beautiful their cities are and how nice, polite and considerate their people are, she gladly removed Japan from the list of least-want-to-visit foreign countries and put it instead to the most-want-to-visit one.


Even the shop owner near my campus is now repenting for his peccadillo. When gradually more international purchasers become his patrons, he would no longer treat them differently. And he would even occasionally call out for them, yelling “come, come,” “cheap, cheap,” “thanks thanks” with a very strong Chinese accent. Meanwhile, my Scottish professor has now equipped himself with Wechat and Alipay, assimilating seamlessly into the local life here.


The old era is like a cocoon, protecting us from possible dangers outside and providing us with warmth and comfort. However, an overreliance on memories and experiences of a long-gone past can also hinder us from genuine, meaningful interactions for the future, just as the cocoon can also serve as a wall to bar us from the beautiful world outside. But in order to make a brand-new attire or to build a modern silk road, we have to plunge the cocoons into hot water and obtain the silk despite the pain. So ladies and gentlemen, don’t be trapped by the old era. Transcend it, and embrace the new one.


Thank you. 

非常严谨的倪侃同学还在赛后采访中提出希望可以纠正自己总决赛演讲中的几个差错:“可能是因为紧张了或者那天比赛太早了脑子还没清醒过来,我在即兴演讲的时候把whig historiography说成了whiggism,以及其实我最开始想用的词不是whig history,而是teleology;当然,我一开始还把在日本赏枫叶说成了冬天,哈哈,这个应该比较容易发现。然后就是我的演讲中有几个地方其实我一开始是设计成幽默去呈现的,但不知为何部分观众和评委反馈有些地方听起来可能过于傲慢自负、或是没有礼貌了,虽然我觉得大家应该也都听得出来,但还是希望周知,我不希望自己被作为不好的例子。当然,没有很好地适应不同背景的听众的接受情况,导致了信息传播过程中出现了一下差错,也是我的问题,这也算是我本次比赛中学到的重要一课吧。


即席演讲环节倪侃抽到的问题是前瞻和回顾哪个更重要?这个问题你们怎么看呢?

https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=a0632yaejrq&width=500&height=375&auto=0


问答环节,上海市白玉兰奖获得者,上海外国语大学跨文化研究中心执行主任,国际跨文化研究科学院(IAIR)院士和主席团成员,中国跨文化交际研究学会学术顾问Steve J. Kulich博士(左一),国际英语协会主席Lord Paul Boateng(中)分别针对倪侃的已备演讲、即席演讲提出问题,汕头大学文学院院长毛思慧(右一)提出自由提问。


SteveJ. KulichNoting as you did in your speech that cocoons lock a view. What do you see as some cocoon-like problems that your generation of Chinese have to face and overcome?

 

LordPaul BoatengImagine you’re on The Point, not too difficult, bearing in mind the man who’s infront of you and give us your prediction for the most likely significant development in the next 12 months.  

 

毛思慧In cross cultural communication nowadays, we very often talk about China’s cultural confidence. In your view, what is exactly that cultural confidence we talk about and what can we do to boost that cultural confidence? 


如果站在演讲台上接受评委提问的是你,你会如何作答呢?快来评论区说出你的观点吧!


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