Q&A Guide on Issues of Non-cooperation in COVID-19 Testing

针对当前疫情防控中市民较为关心的法律问题，我们围绕不配合核酸检测、伪造变造检测报告，哄抬物价，合同履行中的“不可抗力”，疫情期间的劳动关系，应急征用的依据与程序，造谣传谣的法律责任等方面的问题，形成了有关问答指引。

In response to the legal issues that are of great concern to the public in the current pandemic prevention and control, we has formulated the Q&A Guide sorting out the issues with respect to non-cooperation in nucleic acid testing, falsification of test reports, price-jacking, force majeure in contract performance, labor issues during the COVID-19 pandemic period, the basis and procedures for emergency requisition, and legal liability for rumor-mongering.

1

不配合核酸检测、封控管理、

伪造变造核酸检测报告的法律责任

Legal liabilities for not cooperating with nucleic acid testing

and closed-off management, 

and forging and altering nucleic acid testing reports

问：疫情期间，如果有人拒不配合核酸检测，将承担什么法律责任？

Q: What legal liabilities will be incurred if someone refuses to cooperate with nucleic acid testing during the pandemic prevention and control?

答：《传染病防治法》第十二条规定，在中华人民共和国领域内的一切单位和个人，必须接受疾病预防控制机构、医疗机构有关传染病的调查、检验、采集样本、隔离治疗等预防、控制措施，如实提供有关情况。

A: Article 12 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases stipulates that any and all units and individuals in the territory of the People's Republic of China must accept preventive and controlling measures such as investigation, testing, collecting samples, isolation and treatment of infectious personal by disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions, and also truthfully provide relevant information.

例如，《上海市公共卫生应急管理条例》第七条规定，任何单位和个人应当遵守有关法律、法规规定，服从各级人民政府及其有关部门发布的决定、命令、通告，配合各级人民政府及其有关部门依法采取的各项公共卫生事件预防与处置措施。第八十三条规定，单位或者个人违反本条例规定，不服从各级人民政府及其有关部门发布的决定、命令、通告或者不配合各项依法采取的措施，由有关主管部门责令改正，构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予处罚；导致公共卫生事件发生或者危害扩大，给他人人身、财产造成损害的，应当依法承担民事责任；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

For example, Article 7 of Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Public Health Emergency Management provides that all units and individuals shall abide by relevant laws and rules, obey the decisions, orders, and announcements issued by the people's governments at all levels and their relevant departments, and cooperate in all the prevention and handling measures for public health incidents taken by the people's governments at all levels and their relevant departments in accordance with the law. Article 83 provides that if a unit or an individual violates the provisions of these Regulations, failing to obey the decisions, orders, or notices issued by the people's governments at all levels and their relevant departments, or failing to cooperate with various measures taken in accordance with the law, the relevant competent department shall order correction, and for violation of public security administration, the public security organ shall, in accordance with the law, impose punishment; if anyone causes a public health incident to occur or the harm to spread to the person or property of others, the wrongdoer shall bear civil liability according to law; if a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be investigated in accordance with the law.

第八十四条规定，违反本条例规定的行为，除依法追究相应法律责任外，有关部门还应当按照规定，将有关单位失信信息以及个人隐瞒病史、疫情高风险地区旅行史或者居住史，逃避隔离治疗、医学观察、健康观察等信息向本市公共信用信息平台归集，并依法采取惩戒措施。因此，拒不配合核酸检测等疫情防控措施，需要依法承担相应的法律责任，并有可能被列入失信信息，依法采取惩戒措施。

Article 84 provides that where a unit or an individual violates the provisions herein prescribed, in addition to investigation of the corresponding legal liability according to law, relevant departments shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions, collect and put on record on this Municipality's public credit information platform, the unit's discreditable information or the individual's personal information of concealment of medical history, travel history or residence history in high risk areas of the epidemic, or evasion of isolation treatment, medial observation, or health observation, and take disciplinary measures according to law. Therefore, if relevant institutions or personnel refuse to cooperate with nucleic acid testing and other pandemic prevention and control measures, they shall bear the corresponding legal liability according to the law and may be included in the dishonesty information list, and be subject to punishment measures according to the law.

问：有人为了出行应付检查，伪造、变造核酸检测报告，将承担什么法律责任？

Q: What legal liabilities will be incurred if someone forges or alters his/her nucleic acid test report for passing travel inspection?

答：根据《治安管理处罚法》规定，伪造、变造或者买卖国家机关、人民团体、企业、事业单位或者其他组织的公文、证件、证明文件、印章的，处十日以上十五日以下拘留，可以并处一千元以下罚款；情节较轻的，处五日以上十日以下拘留，可以并处五百元以下罚款。伪造、编造核酸检测报告的行为，将受到相应的治安管理处罚。如果情节严重，触犯刑律的，按照刑法追究刑事责任。

A: According to the Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Penalties for Public Security, anyone who forges, alters or buys or sells official documents, certificates, testimonial papers or seals of a state organ, people's organizations, enterprises, institution or any other organization shall be sentenced to detention for the period not less than ten days but more than fifteen days and may, in addition, be fined not more than RMB 1,000; if the circumstances is relatively minor, he/she shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than ten days, and may, in addition, be fined not more than RMB 500. The act of forging or fabricating nucleic acid test reports will be subject to the corresponding public security administration punishment. If the circumstances are serious and constitute crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China.

此外，如果因伪造、编造核酸检测报告行为，引起疫情传播或者有传播严重危险，可能构成妨害传染病防治罪；如果是已经确诊的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者、病原携带者，伪造、编造核酸检测报告，并进入公共场所或者公共交通工具的，还可能构成以危险方法危害公共安全罪。

In addition, if the act of forging or fabricating the nucleic acid test report causes the spread of the pandemic or has a serious risk of spreading, it may constitute the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases; if a confirmed COVID-19 patient or a pathogen carrier forges or fabricates the nucleic acid test report and enters a public place or public transportation, such person may also constitute the crime of endangering public security by dangerous means.

问：封控、封闭小区的居民拒不配合封控管理，违反地方相关防控政策的，擅自外出、聚集的法律责任？

Q: What legal liabilities should be taken for resident who refuses to cooperate with closed-off management and violates corresponding local prevention and control policies such as going out or gathering without permission?

答：根据《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》第五十条，有下列行为之一的，处警告或者二百元以下罚款；情节严重的，处五日以上十日以下拘留，可以并处五百元以下罚款：拒不执行人民政府在紧急状态情况下依法发布的决定、命令的；阻碍国家机关工作人员依法执行职务的；强行冲闯公安机关设置的警戒带、警戒区的。封控、封闭小区的居民拒不配合封控管理，擅自外出、聚集的，将受到相应的治安管理处罚。

A:  According to Article 50 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Penalties for Public Security, a person who commits any of the following acts shall be penalized by a warning or a fine not more than RMB 200; if the circumstances are serious, he/she shall be detained for not less than five days but more than ten days, and may be fined not more than RMB 500 : refusing to implement the decision or order issued by the people's government in accordance with the law in the state of emergency; obstructing the working personnel of state organs from performing their duties in accordance with the law; forcibly breaking through the warning belt or controlled area set up by the public security organs. Those residents of enclosed or closed community who refuse to cooperate with the closed-off management and go out or gather without permission will be subject to the corresponding public security administration punishment.

此外，引起新型冠状病毒传播或者有传播严重危险的，涉嫌违反《中华人民共和国刑法》第三百三十条，构成妨害传染病防治罪。

In addition, those who cause the spread of the COVID-19 or are in serious danger of the spreading are suspected of violating Article 330 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China, which constitutes the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases

此外，确诊病人、病原携带者，隐瞒病情、瞒报行程信息，进入公共场所或者乘坐公共交通工具，造成新型冠状病毒传播的，涉嫌违反《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百一十四条、第一百一十五条，构成以危险方法危害公共安全罪。

In addition, a confirmed patient or carrier of the pathogen who conceals the disease or withholds information about the trip and enters a public place or takes public transportation, causing the spread of the COVID-19, is suspected of violating Article 114 and Article 115 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China, which constitutes the crime of endangering public security by dangerous means.

因此，在当前严峻的疫情防控形势下，主动配合核酸检测等疫情防控措施是每个公民应尽的义务，不要存在侥幸心理、触碰法律底线。

Therefore, under the current serious situation of pandemic prevention and control, it is the duty of every citizen to cooperate with the prevention and control measures such as nucleic acid testing, and not to take any chances and break the law.