【诺奖】《Nobel Prizes in Neuroscience》科普专辑介绍
热烈祝贺2017年的诺奖又花落神经科学学家！
2017年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予杰弗理·霍尔（Jeffrey C Hall）、迈克尔·罗斯巴希（Michael Rosbash）、迈克尔·杨（Michael W Young）。三位科学家的获奖理由是：因发现控制昼夜节律的分子机制。
作为当今世界上最富盛名的科学奖励系统，诺贝尔奖代表了人类科学领域的最高荣誉，获奖的成果也基本上代表了人类科学研究的最新成就和最高水平。百余年来，共有800余人获得了这一殊荣。虽然他们中的很大一部分人早已不在人世，但是他们为人类科学事业所做的贡献，早已成为美谈，被世人代代传颂。
获奖的科学家中，也有不少是从事神经科学研究的。据统计，至今共有约50位科学家凭借神经科学领域内的研究获得了约20次诺贝尔奖，他们主要获得的是生理或医学奖。虽然神经科学是一门“复杂学科”，很多研究不是很容易理解和传播，但是仍然有不少诺奖得主凭借其杰出的科学贡献和强大的人格魅力，让我们耳熟能详。比如，因为提出了“神经元学说”而称为“现代神经科学之父”的Cajal（绘制了很多艺术品级别的神经元图稿）、提出了大脑不对称性的“左右脑分工理论”的Sperry（启迪了各式的大脑开发理论） 和开启了从细胞分子层次研究学习与记忆的Kandel（畅销书作者）。
（“绝世画家”Cajal、“教育大师”Sperry和“文学巨匠”Kandel）
在科学研究的道路上砥砺前行，如能站在巨人的肩膀上，无疑能给我们更广阔和视野和更有深度的思考。因此，我们觉得给大家多介绍一些顶级科学成就和思想是非常有意义的一件事情。而代表着人类科学领域的最高荣誉的诺贝尔奖是不二之选。所以，趁着今年诺贝尔奖颁发之际，我们写作团队组织了一场以“Nobel Prizes in Neuroscience: from Golgi and Cajal to Hall, Rosbash and Young”为主题的专题写作活动。
我们专栏将在接下来的一段时间内陆续发布几篇文章介绍以下几位/组诺贝尔奖得主的主要科学贡献：
Cajal (1905) ：
Hodgkin & Huxley (1963)；
Herbert A. Simon (1978)；
Roger Sperry (1981)；
Hubel and Wiesel (1981)；
Bert Sakmann (1991)；
Eric R. Kandel (2000)；
John O´Keefe & the Mosers (2014)：
1、控制生物钟的分子机制 # 2017 年诺贝尔生理与医学奖是怎么回事
2、生物的昼夜节律
最后，向先贤和所有奋斗在一线的科研工作者致敬！也希望今后我们的祖国和民众能越来越崇尚科学，更多的有志青年能因为兴趣而投身科学，砥砺前行、不断创新。
期待大家能持续关注我们的这一专题。
谢谢~
Nobel Prizes in Neuroscience:
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017
Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young
“for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014
John O’Keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser
“for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013
James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. Südhof
“for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004
Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck
“for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003
Paul C. Lauterbur, Sir Peter Mansfield
“for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000
Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard and Eric R. Kandel
“for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997
Stanley B. Prusiner
“for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991
Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann
“for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986
Stanley Cohen and Rita Levi-Montalcini
“for their discoveries of ‘growth factors’"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981
Roger W. Sperry
“for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres”
David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel
“for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system”The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences 1978
Herbert A. Simon
“for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977
Roger Guillemin and Andrew V. Schally
“for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain”
Rosalyn Yalow
“for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973
Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen
“for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971
Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.
“for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970
Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler and Julius Axelrod
“for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the
nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967
Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline, George Wald
“for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963
Sir John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Andrew Fielding Huxley
“for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961
Georg von Békésy
“for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950
Edward Calvin Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein and Philip Showalter Hench
“for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949
Walter Rudolf Hess
“for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs”
Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz
“for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947
Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz
“for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen”
Bernardo Alberto Houssay
“for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944
Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser
“for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936
Sir Henry Hallett Dale and Otto Loewi
“for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and Edgar Douglas Adrian
“for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927
Julius Wagner-Jauregg
“for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914
Robert Bárány
“for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911
Allvar Gullstrand
“for his work on the dioptrics of the eye”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906
Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal
“in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system”
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